Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The viral hepatitis is a serious public health problem worldwide. Some problem is hepatitis B, particularly superinfection HBV-HDV and least hepatitis C (HCV), because they are transmitted via parenteral routes. About 20% of patients becomes a chronic carrier. Some chronic carriers are healthy: and they have no functional deficiencies. Others however, chronic active hepatitis develops and can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and finally to hepatocellular carcinoma, that is one of the major cancers of the world today. The immunocomplexes play a role in pathogenesis of several syndromes, such as: polyarthritis nodosa, glomerulonephritis, acrodermatitis. In the study based on questionnaires mailed 645 persons after acute viral hepatitis they were observed: cholecystitis--13.9%, stomach and/or duodenum ulcer--11.5%, and cholelithiasis--8.1%. An important results of the investigation is the conclusion that hepatitis caused distinct decrease of the health condition and change of the lifestyle. After the viral hepatitis 9% of patients shifted to a lighter job for a time, 3.8% for good and 5.6% patients after hepatitis B were receiving disability payment. In the light of the problems discussed here the vaccination would prevent not only the acute liver illness but also the sequelae of the disease.
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PMID:[Viral hepatitis sequelae]. 133 49

A group of 40 subjects (33 women and 7 men) assembled in the course of several years comprised clinical and ambulatory patients. The main characteristic of the group was isolated seropositivity of rheumatoid factors assessed by the latex fixation test with titres of 1:320 and more in apparently healthy subjects. The mean age of the subjects at the beginning of the investigation was 39 years. They were followed up for 2-18 years, on average for 7.8 years. Regular clinical, biochemical and immunological check-up examinations were made after 1-2 year intervals. The latex fixation test was made in a test tube. The most serious manifestation was the development of rheumatoid arthritis in 7 subjects (6 women and 1 man). In two of them it was preceded by palindromic rheumatism. Two women have abortive manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Seven developed, mostly repeatedly, tendovaginitis in the region of the flexors of the fingers and abductors of the thumb. Seven subjects suffered from polyarthritis of the hands. None of the subjects suffered from cirrhosis or monoclonal gammapathy. In the course of the investigation the titres of rheumatoid factors had a declining trend even to negative values. In 23 they became negative or had titres of 1:40. The high incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in 17% apparently healthy subjects with isolated seropositivity of rheumatoid factors emphasizes the importance of dispensarization of these subjects in a rheumatological surgery and of careful long-term follow up. Early administration of line 2 antirheumatic drugs could prevent a possible fatal course of rheumatoid arthritis.
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PMID:[Long-term observation of patients with isolated seropositivity for rheumatoid factor in the serum--clinical and immuno-rheumatological study]. 280 Mar 87

Since 1977, we have managed 56 patients (36 Payne and 20 Scott bypasses) with late (one to 18 years) complications resulting from a jejunoileal bypass. All patients underwent a one-stage conversion of the jejunoileal bypass to a gastric bypass. Patients were classified according to postbypass weight, the need for nutritional support, the type and severity of complication, and the time interval between jejunoileal bypass and the onset of the complication and correction of the complication. There were no operative deaths; one patient died 18 months after surgery of cirrhosis. The complication rate was 34%; however, most complications were minor. Our experience with this procedure has shown it to be highly effective in correcting complications other than polyarthritis. When coupled with nutritional support, it is safe even in malnourished patients.
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PMID:Jejunoileal bypass. A legacy of late complications. 357 71

In 8 out of 32 juvenile patients suffering from chronic polyarthritis and in one patient with dermatomyositis, raised transaminase levels were found; the salicylate level was above 35 mg/100 ml in all except one. Reduction in the salicylate level led to a prompt fall in the serum transaminases. Despite a rise in alkaline phosphatase in three cases there was no other evidence of liver dysfunction in the children. Only one of the adults showed a rise in transaminase levels, and she had mild cirrhosis.
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PMID:Serum transaminases during salicylate therapy. 557 2

We describe the case of a patient with non A-non B post-transfusional cirrhosis and type-II mixed cryoglobulinemia, who showed in relation with said processes several acute symptoms of vasculitis, polyarthritis, pericarditis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, finally dying due to an advanced hepatocellular insufficiency. In this patient the determination of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was positive, that is why we assume a possible relationship between both processes and the first literature references, after the clonation of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome, are reviewed.
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PMID:[Mixed type-II cryoglobulinemia associated with a chronic hepatitis C virus infection]. 838 74

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by chronic biliary duct destruction, which mainly affects women aged between 35 and 45 years. Prolonged liver inflammation can cause scarring, leading to cirrhosis. The most common first clinical manifestations are pruritus, asthenia or jaundice, but most patients remain asymptomatic. PBC can be associated by itself with arthralgia, but polyarthritis and synovitis are exceptional. PBC is often associated with other non-hepatic autoimmune diseases, especially primary Sjogren's syndrome, which may favour articular involvement. PBC and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been suggested to coexist in 1.8 to 5.6% of patients with PBC, but data supporting this association are scarce. We report two cases of such an association. Both of these patients presented severe erosive RA. We discuss the therapeutic management of these patients, taking into account hepatic involvement and drug toxicity.
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PMID:Association between rheumatoid arthritis and primary biliary cirrhosis. 1736 71

Rheumatoid arthritis is a clinical entity whose etiology is unknown, although an infectious cause has been suggested. We describe three patients diagnosed to have a rheumatoid arthritis-like disease that was chronic but nonerosive and unresponsive to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The patients were females aged 30, 69 and 70 years who had morning stiffness of more than 30 minutes and symmetric polyarthritis for periods of 4, 6, and 20 months, respectively. A laboratory screening revealed minunal liver enzyme elevations, whereas acute phase reactants were consistent with systemic inflammation, and the presence of rheumatoid factor and cryoglobulins was detected. Serology was positive for hepatitis C virus antigens. Liver biopsies revealed hepatitis and early cirrhosis. Alpha-interferon therapy was associated with clinical improvement of arthritis in two cases. It is suggested that hepatitis C infection may be associated with rheumatoid-like arthritis.
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PMID:Rheumatoid-like Arthritis Associated with Hepatitis C. 1907 73

Constrictive polyserositis (pleuritis, pericarditis) is a syndrome within the underlying disease (tuberculosis, periodic disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, asbestos, silicosis, uremia, some genetic diseases), a complication due to chest surgery or radiation or drug therapy, is occasionally idiopathic (fibrosing mediastinitis). There are frequently great difficulties in making its nosological diagnosis. The paper describes a patient in whom the onset of disease was exudative pleurisy with the signs of constriction, arthralgias; pleural punctures provided serous exudates with 80% lymphocytes. A year later there was ascitis and shin and foot edemas, which concurrent with hepatomegaly and cholestasis was regarded as cryptogenic liver cirrhosis. The signs of constrictive pericarditis were further revealed. The disease was complicated by the development of pulmonary artery thromboembolism (PATE) (which required the use of warfarin) and hemorrhagic vasculitis. Therapy with metipred in combination with isoniazid yielded a slight effect. The diagnoses of tuberculosis, liver cirrhosis, and autoimmune hepatitis, systemic vasculitis were consecutively rejected; the diagnosis of rheumatoid polyarthritis with systemic manifestations was made, by taking into account persistent arthalgias with the minimum signs of arthritis, noticeably increased C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, and cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (CCPA); plasmapheresis, therapy with metipred and methotrexate, and subtotal pericardectomy were performed. Constrictive polyserositis concurrent with PATE, hemorrhagic vasculitis (probably, drug-induced one), and hepatic lesion has been first described in a CCPA-positive patient with rheumatoid arthritis in the presence of moderate true arthritis (during steroid therapy).
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PMID:[Severe disseminated constrictive polyserositis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis]. 2073 Nov 14

We describe a 40-year-old woman with polymyositis (PM) who developed autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) concurrently. About 4 years earlier, she suffered from muscle weakness probably due to PM. When she visited our hospital, she had polyarthritis, myalgia, symmetrical proximal limb-muscle weakness, elevated muscle enzymes, and myogenic abnormalities on electromyogram. Pathological findings obtained by muscle biopsy showed histological findings consistent with PM. Her serum liver enzymes were also elevated. The histology obtained by liver biopsy revealed the mixture findings of chronic active hepatitis and biliary cirrhosis. As antibodies to mitochondria M2 and liver/kidney microsome type 1 (LKM-1) were present, we concluded her liver disease was due to an overlap of AIH and PBC. Furthermore, purpura on the legs with thrombocytopenia appeared in parallel with liver dysfunction. She was diagnosed as having AITP by clinical and laboratory findings. Her serum showed a speckled pattern in immunofluorescence antinuclear antibody testing, but the antigen specificities were distinct from those of the known myositis-related autoantigens. This is a first case report of PM accompanied by AIH, PBC, and AITP. It was notable that there was an overlap of disease-associated immunological findings and immunogenetic backgrounds. This case provides a possible insight into the mechanisms and interplay of autoimmune diseases.
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PMID:Polymyositis associated with autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. 2124 Jun 21

Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) can result in hepatic diseases which may include an asymptomatic non-replicative carrier state, immunotolerant phase characterized by high DNA levels without significant hepatic injury, immune-reactive phase characterized by occurrence of chronic hepatitis and fibrosis in the liver, or complications like cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Extrahepatic manifestations may also accompany HBV infection. These may include serum sickness syndrome, polyarthralgia, polyarthritis, dermatologic manifestations like pitted keratolysis, urticaria, purpura, oral lichen planus or Gianotti-Crosti syndrome-a childhood papular eruption. Renal involvement may occur with HBV infection and usually involves glomerular or vascular injury. Various morphologic forms of renal injury have been reported with HBV infection, the commonest being membranous glomerulonephritis. The manifestations may include swelling over face and body, pedal edema, and urinary abnormalities. Evaluation may detect proteinuria, hematuria and reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The management options include use of antiviral drugs targeting HBV infection with or without concomitant immunosuppressive medication. With availability of newer drugs like entecavir and tenofovir, these have become the first line agents as they have a high barrier to resistance. Sole use of immunosuppression is not recommended for lack of clear benefit and the possible risk of HBV reactivation or flare.
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PMID:Renal disease in patients infected with hepatitis B virus. 2750 99


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