Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eastern Austrian regional mortality patterns of oral cancer (oral cavity, pharynx and larynx) and oesophageal, lung and urinary bladder cancer were compared to smoker rates and to liver cirrhosis mortality by type of residence: Vienna (1.7 x 10(6) inhabitants), middle towns (50,000-100,000 and 10,000-50,000 inhabitants), small towns (2000-10,000 inhabitants) and rural areas categorized by agrarian quota less than or equal to 10%, 10%-20% and greater than 20%. The study area (Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland) covers 23,600 km2 with 3.23 x 10(6) inhabitants. In men, liver cirrhosis correlated negatively with smoker rates (r = 0.74, P = 0.1). Deaths from oral cancer and oesophageal cancer correlated significantly with deaths from liver cirrhosis (r = 0.81, P = 0.03; r = 0.78, P = 0.04, respectively) but not with smoker rates; lung cancer and bladder cancer correlated significantly with smoker rates (r = 0.91, P = 0.01; r0.83, P = 0.04, respectively), but not with liver cirrhosis. In women, similar urban-rural gradients for all parameters resulted in a positive correlation between liver cirrhosis and smoker rates (r = 0.59, P = 0.22) and a significant correlation of lung cancer with liver cirrhosis (r = 0.75, P = 0.05). Oral cancer correlated significantly with liver cirrhosis (r = 0.83, P = 0.02), but not with smoker rates; lung cancer correlated more significantly with smoker rates (r = 0.92, P = 0.01) than with liver cirrhosis; bladder cancer correlated positively with smoker rates (r = 0.70, P = 0.12). Geographical distribution of oral and oesophageal cancer in Eastern Austria seems thus to be highly subject to the prevalence of heavy drinking. Sociocultural influences upon the occurrence of these cancers seem to be mediated through drinking habits rather than through smoking habits alone.
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PMID:Tobacco-related cancer in relation to prevalence of drinking and smoking in eastern Austria. 151 83

In the U.S. oral cancer accounts for 2.1% of all cancers and 1% of cancer deaths. Two to three times as many males as females are affected. Blacks have more intra-oral cancer than whites, and their incidence and mortality rates have increased in recent years. The etiologic process very likely involves several factors. The major etiologic agents are tobacco (all types) and alcoholic beverages. Herpes simplex virus, human papilloma virus, and Candida have been implicated. Host factors include poor state of dentition, nutritional aberrations, cirrhosis of liver, lichen planus, and immunologic impairmant. Cellular changes include amplification of some oncogenes, alterations in antigen expression, production of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and disturbance of keratin and involucrin production. Experimentally, cancer is readily produced on the hamster cheek pouch and rat oral mucosa. Unlike oral cancer in humans, most experimental lesions are exophytic, and they rarely metastasize.
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PMID:Oral cancer. 212 24

The mortality experience of a cohort of chrysotile miners employed since 1946 in Balangero, northern Italy was updated to the end of 1987 giving a total of 427 deaths out of 27,010 man-years at risk. A substantial excess mortality for all causes (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) = 149) was found, mainly because of high rates for some alcohol related deaths (hepatic cirrhosis, accidents). For mortality from cancer, however, the number of observed deaths (82) was close to that expected (76.2). The SMR was raised for oral cancer (SMR 231 based on six deaths), cancer of the larynx (SMR 267 based on eight deaths), and pleura (SMR 667 based on two deaths), although the excess only reached statistical significance for cancer of the larynx. Rates were not increased for lung, stomach, or any other type of cancer. No consistent association was seen with duration or cumulative dust exposure (fibre-years) for oral cancer, but the greatest risks for laryngeal and pleural cancer were in the highest category of duration and degree of exposure to fibres. Although part of the excess mortality from laryngeal cancer is probably attributable to high alcohol consumption in this group of workers, the data suggest that exposure to chrysotile asbestos (or to the fibre balangeroite that accounts for 0.2-0.5% of total mass in the mine) is associated with some, however moderate, excess risk of laryngeal cancer and pleural mesothelioma. The absence of excess mortality from lung cancer in this cohort is difficult to interpret.
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PMID:An update of cancer mortality among chrysotile asbestos miners in Balangero, northern Italy. 131 Nov 97

The effects of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhosis and xerostomia on oral carcinogenesis were studied in rats given the lipid-soluble carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz-[a]anthracene (DMBA). The first carcinoma was detected after only 1 month of DMBA applications. After a further 8 months 85% of the animals had developed one or more squamous cell carcinomas. The latency period for DMBA-induced oral cancer in cirrhotic rats with xerostomia was markedly reduced in comparison with previous findings from xerostomic rats without liver cirrhosis. The results support earlier epidemiologic studies indicating a relationship between liver cirrhosis and oral cancer.
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PMID:Induction of oral cancer by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in rats with liver cirrhosis. 251 33

In an effort to evaluate a hypothesis raised by findings in Denmark that painters might experience an increased risk for pharyngeal and oral cancer, data were collected about these cancers among painters in Norway, Sweden, and Finland. The possible confounding effects of alcohol and tobacco were gauged by collecting data about cancer of the lung, larynx, esophagus, liver, and bladder, and about mortality from liver cirrhosis. Consistently increased risks for lung cancer among painters were found. The risks for cancer of the oral cavity and/or pharynx were increased in Norway, Sweden, and Finland, but not to the same extent as was observed in Denmark. The risks for cancer of the esophagus were slightly increased as were the risks for cancer of the liver and for cirrhosis of the liver in Denmark and Finland. The data from Norway, Sweden, and Finland could thus neither substantiate nor disprove the hypothesis that painters may experience an increased risk for cancer of the pharynx and oral cavity as a result of occupational exposures.
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PMID:Risk for cancer of the pharynx and oral cavity among male painters in the Nordic countries. 833 88

The role of the major risk factors, tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, on trends in intra-oral cancer mortality in England and Wales between 1911 and 1990 was investigated, using lung cancer and liver cirrhosis as surrogate markers for smoking and drinking. Standardised mortality data on lung cancer and liver cirrhosis from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, aggregated into 5-year time periods for ages 35-64 and 65+ years, were regressed on corresponding data for intra-oral cancer. The strongest associations were in males aged 35-64 with a high negative correlation between lung and intra-oral cancer (rho=-0.98, 95% CI -0.99 to -0.96, P<0. 01) and, conversely, a positive correlation between liver cirrhosis and intra-oral cancer (rho=0.71, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.89, P<0.01). The findings suggest that rising alcohol consumption since the 1950s is more closely related to increasing intra-oral cancer incidence and mortality than smoking, most notably among younger males since the early 1970s.
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PMID:Is alcohol responsible for more intra-oral cancer? 1089 70

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), an RNA and a hepatotropic virus, is the leading cause of viral hepatitis worldwide. Infection with this virus causes a repertoire of liver diseases that include acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in addition to a number of extra-hepatic manifestations such as lichen planus, oral cancer, etc. At present, patients infected with this virus are treated with interferon either alone or in combination with ribavirin, a guanosine-like nucleoside analog. However, response to this treatment has been rather disappointing. For about a decade, lack of an alternative animal model other than chimpanzee, and an efficient cell culture system that could support long-term replication of the virus, hampered research on HCV. Despite this, a significant amount of information with regard to the molecular biology of the virus is available using bacterial cloning-expression systems, and based on computer predictions and analysis. Recent discovery of a cellular receptor to which the virus binds, identification of efficient cell culture/cell-free systems, HCV replicons and the development of a chimeric mouse model, provide a platform to verify the existing knowledge about this virus in the coming years. Additionally these developments aid the researchers in identifying novel therapeutic agents, apart from allowing us to reassess the efficiency of the currently available therapeutics. Presented in this article are a review of existing information with regard to the molecular biology of the virus, immunodiagnostic assays, genomic heterogeneity and the role of the virus in hepatocellular carcinoma. Likely therapeutic strategies other than those currently available are also introduced.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus (HCV)--a review molecular biology of the virus, immunodiagnostics, genomic heterogeneity and the role of virus in hepatocellular carcinoma. 1526 99

Betel quid chewing is associated with cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity in diseases such as oral cancer, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and diabetes mellitus. Arecoline and arecaidine, which are the main alkaloids in the areca nut, are potential exposure biomarkers in habitual betel quid users. This study developed a method of detecting arecoline- and arecaidine-protein adducts by mass spectrometry (MS). First, bovine serum albumin was used to predict and confirm the binding sites of proteins modified by arecoline or arecaidine. Cells were then treated with arecoline to identify new protein adducts after cellular metabolic processing. Finally, human plasma was used to model long-term exposure to arecoline and arecaidine. Following isolation proteins were tryspin digested. The peptides afforded were separated and analyzed by nano-scale liquid chromatography with MS using an LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The experimental findings showed that cysteine is the predominant amino acid in protein adduct formation. The goal of this study was to establish a screening platform for identifying novel protein adducts that form covalent bonds with arecoline or arecaidine. Use of this strategy to survey new protein-toxic adducts may help to identify novel biomarkers of betel nut exposure.
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PMID:Characterization of protein adducts formed by toxic alkaloids by nano-scale liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. 2301 61

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a potentially malignant disorder associated with an increased risk of oral cancer. In Japan, the association of OLP with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is well documented. In the present study, a case of oral verrucous carcinoma arising from OLP coexisting vulvo-vaginal-gingival syndrome and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a patient with HCV-related liver cirrhosis is reported. A 71-year old, non-smoking Japanese woman presented with lesions of OLP affecting the bilateral buccal mucosa, tongue, gingival, palate, oral floor and lower lip. Ten years later, an exophytic mass developed in the mandibular alveolar mucosa, the right buccal mucosa and the right lower lip. Pathological diagnosis confirmed the presence of verrucous carcinoma. However, she developed esophageal rather than oral cancer. The oral cancer was resected surgically three times and the patients underwent radiotherapy. The esophageal cancer was removed by endoscopic submucosal dissection. The risk of carcinogenesis increased as hyperinsulinemia continued. The results suggested that it is necessary to monitor for malignant changes in patients with OLP lesions and HCV infection. In addition, treatment requires the cooperation of various medical specialists, as well as an oral surgeon.
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PMID:Oral verrucous carcinoma arising from lichen planus and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with hepatitis C virus-related liver cirrhosis-hyperinsulinemia and malignant transformation: A case report. 2464 93

Betel is a kind of substance for chewing, that is made from piper betle, areca nuts and other, additional constituents. It is the fourth most popular psychoactive substance in the world, right after caffeine, nicotine and alcohol. It is particularly famous in Asia. Betel chewing induces euphoria and it is addictive. Similarly like in other substances such as nicotine or alcohol, betel also has detrimental effects. It causes e.g. oral cancer and cancer of the oesophagus, it contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome, liver cirrhosis and chronic kidney disease. There are also positive effects of chewing betel, because is has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antyparasitic and antiseptic properties. The aim of this paper was to expand knowledge about betel and its both: positive and negative influence on human health. In this article original and review papers associated with the topic were used.
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PMID:[Betel - the fourth most popular substance in the world]. 2644 84


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