Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To what extent, and through what mechanisms, does the deterioration of economic conditions affect the health of the population at the national level? In this paper, the author presents the results of a study of Swedish data, analyzing the post-World War II changes in mortality rates in relation to deleterious economic changes, especially unemployment, business failure rates, and declines in real per capita income. The analysis uses a version of the 'Economic Change Model of Pathology' which includes the influence of health risks related to patterns of consumption and production. It is found that economic growth plays a principal role in reducing mortality at nearly all ages, and specifically mortality due to total cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, total heart disease, ischemic heart disease, total malignancies, disorders of infancy, and motor vehicle accidents. Economic recession, by contrast, is related to increases in total mortality for virtually all age groups, in both sexes, for major causes of death and causes due to psychopathological conditions. Per capita alcohol consumption, by specific beverage, is an important risk to mortality rates in cerebrovascular disease, malignancies, cirrhosis, motor vehicle accidents, suicide, homicide, and infant diseases. Cigarette consumption rates are positively related to mortality due to cardiovascular, malignant, and infant diseases; fat consumption rates are positively related to cardiovascular and cancer mortality.
 ...
PMID:Relation of economic change to Swedish health and social well-being, 1950-1980. 366 9

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine mortality among 18,811 male farm owners and operators in New York State from 1973-1984. Farm Bureau membership lists were used to identify the study population, and vital status was determined through record linkage with death certificate and motor vehicle files. The comparison group consisted of the 1980 United States Census population of men who resided in the same towns as did the farmers. The results indicated that the study cohort experienced fewer than the expected numbers of deaths overall and for each major cause category except accidents. Specific causes with significant mortality deficits included cancer of the lung (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 47.0); diabetes mellitus (SMR = 57.5); ischemic heart disease (SMR = 65.3); bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma (SMR = 26.7); and cirrhosis of the liver (SMR = 29.7). The only specific cause with a significantly elevated mortality was accidents other than motor vehicle (SMR = 146.5). The investigation differs from previous research in method, setting, and population, but the pattern of findings is generally consistent with that of other studies.
 ...
PMID:A retrospective cohort study of mortality among New York State Farm Bureau members. 366 7

Japanese researchers have reported that recent mortality rates from diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, peptic ulcer, cirrhosis of the liver and suicide for middle-aged Japanese men have increased by comparison with those for other age groups. There has been some controversy over the etiology of this unusual trend, and in particular whether it is due primarily to recent undesirable socio-economic factors (period effects) or to factors specific to these cohorts born in the early Showa Era, around 1925 to 1940 (cohort effects). A possible source of this controversy lies in the methods which have been used to describe the trends; these are mostly descriptive and graphical. To elucidate which factors are responsible for these trends, we analysed the mortality data quantitatively applying an age-period-cohort model modified so that period effects remain constant within certain age groups but may vary from one age group to the next. Although the identifiability problem still occurs in the modified model, estimable curvature components of time effects may be used to examine these unusual trends. In fact, the peculiarity of the cohort born in the early Showa Era was clearly detected by the curvature components of cohort effects for these major diseases. These findings are consistent with the 'cohort hypothesis' for the recent peculiar trend in Japanese male mortality.
 ...
PMID:Age, period and cohort analysis of trends in mortality from major diseases in Japan, 1955 to 1979: peculiarity of the cohort born in the early Showa Era. 368 23

One thousand seventy-two 24-hr diet duplicate samples were collected from inhabitants of 49 regions in various parts of Japan during the winters of 1977-1981. An additional 238 samples were collected in an adjacent summer. The samples were analyzed for sodium (Na) and potassium (K) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and for chloride (Cl) with a chloride counter. The winter-summer differences in Na, Cl, and Na/K were essentially negligible. When the regional means of Na, K, Cl, and Na/K were compared with the 1969-1978 standardized mortality ratios of each region, positive and significant correlations were observed between winter Na and the standardized mortality ratios for cerebrovascular disease (P less than 0.01), cerebral infarction (P less than 0.01), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (P less than 0.05) in both males and females. The correlation (P less than 0.01) with the cerebrovascular disease standardized mortality ratio was further confirmed by the values for 1978-1982. In the case of the Na/K ratio, the correlation with the standardized mortality ratio for each of the three diseases was significant for men (P less than 0.01 or 0.05, depending on the disease) but not for women (P greater than 0.05). Both Na and Na/K showed significant associations with the ischemic heart disease standardized mortality ratio in men (P less than 0.05) but not in women (P greater than 0.05). In contrast, no positive association was found between Na, K, Cl, or Na/K and standardized mortality ratios for diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, tuberculosis, or liver cancer (P greater than 0.05). Current blood pressure did not appear to correlate with any of the Na, K, Cl, or Na/K measurements. The validity of the present observation is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Correlation of cerebrovascular disease standardized mortality ratios with dietary sodium and the sodium/potassium ratio among the Japanese population. 371 59

Mortality and morbidity from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) was studied in 5404 Finnish males aged 35-64 years who had been hospitalised for alcohol-related disease in 1972 without any admissions for IHD during that same period. By record-linkage, morbidity and mortality were followed up to the end of 1975. The mortality of patients with alcohol-related diseases was compared to 1120 patients with acute appendicitis by calculating indirectly age-standardised mortality ratios (SMR). The mortality and morbidity of 5963 patients with acute myocardial infarction or angina pectoris was also studied. The following SMRs for IHD mortality, non-fatal-IHD-hospitalisation and for mortality from all causes respectively, were found: acute myocardial infarction 11.6, 7.2 and 7.2; alcohol intoxication 6.0, 4.5 and 4.5; angina pectoris 5.2, 10.5 and 3.4; liver cirrhosis 2.2, 2.5 and 11.8; alcoholism 1.9, 1.9 and 3.6; pancreatitis 1.8, 1.2 and 4.4; alcohol psychosis 1.7, 2.5 and 4.2. IHD mortality and morbidity appeared to be more prevalent in patients hospitalised with alcohol intoxication than in patients with other alcohol-related diseases. This suggests that rapid drinking predisposes both to serious intoxication and to fatal disturbances of cardiac rhythm.
 ...
PMID:Alcohol-related diseases associated with ischaemic heart disease: a three-year follow-up of middle-aged male hospital patients. 376 98

The elimination kinetics of disopyramide was studied in 9 patients with decreased hepatic function (DHF) due to histologically verified cirrhosis of the liver, and in 11 patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Disopyramide 100 and 150 mg was given intravenously as a bolus to the patients with IHD and DHF, respectively, followed by a continuous infusion of disopyramide 0.3 (DHF group) and 0.4 mg X min-1 (IHD group) until steady-state was achieved. A significant (p less than 0.001) positive correlation between the percentage unbound and total serum concentration of disopyramide was demonstrated in both groups. The percentage of unbound disopyramide at a total serum concentration of 5.9 mumol X l-1 was 45.5% and 19.4% in the DHF and IHD groups, respectively. A negative correlation (r = -0,751, p less than 0.05, and r = -0.827, p less than 0.01 in the IHD and DHF patients, respectively) between the free fraction of disopyramide and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was observed. The serum concentration of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, the major binding protein of disopyramide, was significantly lower in the patients with DHF. The clearance of unbound disopyramide and its total volume of distribution and half-life were significantly lower in the DHF patients. No difference in total elimination clearance could be demonstrated. The clinical implication of the present findings appear to be that the dosage of disopyramide should be reduced by 25% when it is given intravenously to patients with decreased hepatic function.
 ...
PMID:Kinetics of disopyramide in decreased hepatic function. 378 Aug 31

Mortality data for selected non-cancer causes for the period 1974-1980 were analyzed for the City of Philadelphia to examine spatial patterns. Four categories of conditions--ischemic heart disease (including acute myocardial infarction), chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, cerebrovascular disease, and external causes--demonstrated significant variation in death rates. Moreover, neighborhoods with high levels of mortality for these conditions appeared in significant clusters. With the exception of ischemic heart disease, neighborhoods with high levels of mortality were characterized by below average levels of SES. A group of predominantly black neighborhoods in the central part of the city had extremely high rates for five or more of the nine causes investigated in this paper. In an earlier analysis, all but one of these neighborhoods were found to have the highest level of overall cancer mortality. These findings support the hypothesis that there are social and behavioral factors that are associated with a wide range of disease conditions, and many of these factors are associated with socioeconomic status.
 ...
PMID:Patterns of mortality from selected causes in an urban population. 379 39

Protein binding of disopyramide, binding capacities, affinity constants and serum concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) were studied in five groups of patients. A: young healthy volunteers (n = 8); B: elderly patients with minor symptoms of ischaemic heart disease (n = 9); C: patients with cirrhosis of the liver and normal values of coagulation factors (II, VII and X), albumin and immunoglobulin G (n = 8); D: patients with cirrhosis and at least two abnormal of the previously mentioned values (n = 9) and E: eleven patients with severely impaired renal function. Subfractions of AAG (Fr1, Fr2 and Fr3) were determined by affinoimmunoelectrophoresis. AAG concentration was significantly (P less than 0.005) elevated in group E patients and decreased (P less than 0.025) in group D patients. Fr2 is probably associated with the high affinity, first binding site of disopyramide to AAG. Earlier observations of a reduced qualitative binding of disopyramide in patients with cirrhosis can be explained by a significant decrease in Fr2 (P less than 0.001) in group D patients. The protein binding of disopyramide in patients with uraemia was significantly increased due to a significant (P less than 0.005) increase in AAG concentration in spite of a smaller (P less than 0.025) affinity constant. Suggestions for therapeutic drug monitoring based on total serum concentrations are given.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative and qualitative binding characteristics of disopyramide in serum from patients with decreased renal and hepatic function. 381 61

The numbers of deaths from and age-adjusted mortality rates (MRs) for largely preventable causes of death in white males and females aged 15 - 64 years in 1970 and 1980 were compared. The causes of death considered were lung cancer, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease, chronic lung diseases, cirrhosis of the liver, motor vehicle accidents and suicide. In spite of an increase in the white population in this age group from 2,39 million in 1970 to 2,93 million in 1980, the number of deaths from the above causes decreased, with two exceptions. The exceptions were lung cancer, where the number of deaths increased from 482 in 1970 to 535 in 1980, and suicide--up from 433 to 516. The decreases over the 10-year period were substantial in some cases. For example, the number of deaths from IHD fell from 4000 to 3486. The MRs (those for 1980 were age-adjusted) decreased over the 10-year period in all cases, except in the case of lung cancer where the MR remained at 20/100 000. This seems to indicate that anti-smoking campaigns in RSA have not yet begun to influence the incidence of this disease in the white population.
 ...
PMID:Deaths from and mortality rates for largely preventable causes of death in whites in the RSA. Comparison of the situations in 1970 and 1980. 400 88

Death certificates filed between 1960 and 1979 in Osaka, Japan were analyzed to study causes of death in diabetic patients. It was observed that diseases of the circulatory system increased continuously from 15.2% in 1960-1964 to 27.2% in 1975-1979. Cerebrovascular disease and disease of heart were the leading causes of death throughout the study period. The rate of increase was much faster for disease of heart than for cerebrovascular disease, and there was only a small difference between them as cause of death in diabetic patients at the end of the observation period. Malignant neoplasms, cirrhosis of the liver, and pneumonia and bronchitis increased, whereas tuberculosis decreased sharply according to age-adjusted mortality rate during the 20-year period. Analysis based on O/E ratios suggested higher risk of dying from ischemic heart disease, tuberculosis and cirrhosis of the liver in Japanese diabetics than in the general population in this country.
 ...
PMID:Causes of death in Japanese diabetics. A 20-year study of death certificates. 401 2


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>