Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Magnesium deficiency can occur in congestive heart failure, after diuresis with furoxemide, ethacrynic acid and mercurials, and with digitalis intoxication, diabetic acidosis, acute and chronic alcoholism, delerium tremens, cirrhosis, malabsorption syndromes, protracted postoperative cases, open heart surgery, the diuretic phase of acute tubular necrosis, and with hypoparathyroidism, primary aldosteronism, juxta-glomerular hyperplasia and pancreatitis. Two cases of serious ventricular arrhythmias associated with magnesium depletion are described. Clinical manifestations are vague but center around neurologic symptoms such as weakness, tremors, stupor, coma, nausea, vomiting and anorexia. Serious cardiac arrhythmias also occur with magnesium depletion. Magnesium appears to be very useful in hypomagnesemic or digitalis-toxic tachyarrhythmias. Magnesium may also be valuable in normomagnesemic tachyarrhythmias. Ten to fifteen milliliters of a 20 percent magnesium sulfate solution, given intravenously over 1 minute, followed by a slow 4 to 6 hour infusion of 500 ml of 2 per cent magnesium sulfate in 5 per cent dextrose in water is recommended. Recurrence of arrhythmias is common and a second infusion of magnesium sulfate may be necessary. Hypermagnesemia occurs frequently in renal insufficiency, and magnesium therapy may then be contraindicated. Serum levels above 5.5 meq/liter should be avoided. Loss of deep tendon reflexes and a decrease in respiratory rate can be used as guides to magnesium therapy. A plea is made for frequent analysis of serum magnesium so that more knowledge can be gained regarding this important biologic element in cardiovascular disorders.
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PMID:Magnesium deficiency and cardiac disorders. 80 29

Serum magnesium (Mg) was measured in 6,252 patients; in 1,246 (19.9%) the value was abnormal. Hypermagnesemia (serum Mg greater than or equal to 3.9 mg/dl) was observed in 51 patients (0.8%) and hypomagnesemia (Mg less than or equal to 1.5 mg/dl) in 165 (2.6%). Hypermagnesemia was found in patients with renal failure treated with Mg-containing antacids or cathartics, or with eclamptic convulsions treated with Mg sulfate. The most frequent clinical finding of hypermagnesemia was urinary disturbance, although various other neurological signs and symptoms were observed. Hypomagnesemia was seen in patients with various diseases such as cancer, hepatic cirrhosis, cerebrovascular disease, and generally poor condition. Abnormalities of electrolytes other than Mg were also frequently observed. The most common clinical findings of hypomagnesemia were personality changes and depression. The differentiation from psychiatric disease is important.
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PMID:An analysis of hypermagnesemia and hypomagnesemia. 227 20