Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The diagnosis of chronic persistent hepatitis is based on a combination of clinical and morphological data. During a 7-year period 26 cases were diagnosed in 3 medical departments in Copenhagen. In 22 patients the disease was considered to be a sequela to acute viral hepatitis, and 12 had Australia antigen in serum. Only few patients had circulating auto-antibodies. The clinical and biochemical activity at the time of diagnosis was usually slight. A morphological and clinical follow-up study revealed that the course of the disease was generally benign. However, in 3 patients the last repeat biopsy showed progression to cirrhosis, severe portal fibrosis, and chronic aggressive hepatitis. Such exceptions may represent a sampling error in the interpretation of the first needle biopsy, or the correct diagnosis may have been chronic aggressive (active) hepatitis at a stage with slight activity. Clinical and biochemical observation is recommended in chronic persistent hepatitis, and in some patients serial needle biopsies are necessary to reveal the few exceptional cases which progress to an active chronic liver disease.
 ...
PMID:Chronic persistent hepatitis. A clinical, serological, and prognostic study. 113 26

The study tries to clarify the affliction of liver as a consequence of the permanent HB antigenemy in apparently healthy persons. The study proves beyond doubt that in the majority of the HB antigen carriers such histological changes of the liver can be found that can be attributed only to an infection by the hepatitis virus. The majority of the HB antigen carriers are suffering either from the chronic focal (58%) or from the diffuse (21%) persistent hepatitis. A smaller percentage is suffering from more dangerous hepatopathies (acute viral hepatitis 4,2%, hepatitis chron. aggressiva 4.2%, cirrhosis 1,4%). The kind of the illness can be determined with the histological examination only because of the absence of the clinical symptomatology and because of the liver function tests are in such cases frequently normal. Our investigations indicate that the diffuse and focal forms of persistent hepatitis can remain unchanged overlong periods and the same histological findings over a number of years. The chronic persistent hepatitis, however, may develop through clinically imperceptible changes into a chronic aggressive hepatitis, and the inapparent acute hepatitis can even pass over directly into cirrhosis. The identification of various forms of hepatitis, from light instances to the most severe cases, among the HB antigen carriers proves that the acute viral hepatitis of the type B may have in all the phases of its development a clinically asymptomatic course; it may even asymptomatically pass over into hepatopathies of the most severe kinds. The state of health of persons with HB antigenemy must be systematically followed up. For these reasons the histological examinations of the bioptic liver material that are made from time to time during the follow up of the illness have a decisive role.
 ...
PMID:The significance of HB antigenemy in apparently healthy persons in the clinic for liver diseases. 119 69

Among the several methods employed for the detection of hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) and hepatitis B antibody (HBAb), radioimmunoassay is considered to be the most sensitive and specific. This paper describes a radioimmunoprecipitation test (RIP) for HBAg and HBAb standardized in our laboratory; it consists of a double-antibody precipitation test in a micro-titer system employing 125I-labeled HBAg. The test is compared with double immunodiffusion (ID) and with counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CEP) in the detection of HBAg and HBAb in healthy persons and in patients with acute and chronic liver disease. RIP is 20,000 times more sensitive than ID and 2,500 times than CEP when HBAg is tested, and 40,000 times more sensitive than ID and 10,000 times than CEP for the antibody detection. Moreover the method is reproducible and specific for HBAg and HBAb. With this test the frequency of HBAg in healthy persons was 0% in subjects without any known contact with antigenic material, 0.80% in hospital personnel and 1.17% in high risk personnel (laboratory technicians, blood products workers, ecc.). In acute viral hepatitis the frequency of HBAg was 90% at the admittance to the hospital and 70% at the dimission, while CEP detected a frequency of 85% and 20% respectively. In chronic liver disease the frequency of HBAg with the RIP method was 83.3% in chronic persistent hepatitis, 42.8% in chronic aggressive hepatitis, 23% in cryptogenic cirrhosis and 16.6% in alcoholic cirrhosis. The frequency of HBAb detected with RIP was 4.50% in subjects without any known contact with antigenic material, 6.45% in hospital personnel, 0.41% in high risk personnel, 20% in acute viral hepatitis at the admittance to the hospital and 50% at the discharge, 25% in chronic persistent hepatitis, 14.2% in chronic aggressive hepatitis, 15.3% in cryptogenic cirrhosis and 50% in alcoholic cirrhosis. The high frequency of antibody in healthy persons with no history of hepatitis or parenteral exposure to blood transfusion suggests a widespread diffusion of hepatitis B infection and the possibility of a nonparenteral route transmission. The frequency of HBAg and HBAb in chronic liver disease as detected by a very sensitive method rises the question of a possible role of hepatitis B virus in the pathogenesis of the disease.
 ...
PMID:[Frequency of antigen associated to hepatitis due to virus B (HBAg) and of antibody (HBAc) in healthy subjects and during of course of acute and chronic hepatitis. Radioimmunologic study]. 122 46

In order to evaluate the role of the Australia Antigen and of the many other factors commonly invoked in the etiology of chronic liver diseases a series of study have been performed by radioimmunoassay on: a group of blood donors who showed persistent antigenemia and two groups of patients with chronic hepatitis who were studied respectively at Brescia General Hospital and at the Departement of Internal Medicine of the University of Naples. The results were as it follows: 1) Liver damage, from mild to severe (from transient increase of GOT and GPT levels to cirrhosis) was present in 69 out of 145 blood donors with persistent antigenemia. 2) Antigenemia was more frequent in the neapolitan group of patients not only when considering the entire study population (39%) but also when the cirrhotic group was considered (40.7%). In the Brescia study group the figures were 11.7% and 8.6% respectively. 3) Comparable high incidence of antigenemia was present in both groups when only patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis and liver carcinoma were considered. 4) When only patients with chronic persistent hepatitis and chronic aggressive hepatitis were considered the incidence of antigenemia was remarkably different.
 ...
PMID:[Geographical differences in the incidence of Australia antigen in chronic liver diseases]. 122 53

In liver biopsy specimens of 45 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic aggressive hepatitis and liver cirrhosis the number of lymphoid cells and fibroblasts as well as in the sera of the same patients the concentration of IgG, IgA, IgM, alpha-2-macroglobulin and coeruloplasmin have been studied. The number of lymphoid cells and fibroblasts, was significantly elevated in chronic aggressive hepatitis and liver cirrhosis; a close correlation could be demonstrated between the number of the lymphoid cells and the IgG concentration; the serum alpha-2-macroglobulin level changed parallel to the number of liver fibroblasts in chronic aggressive hepatitis and liver cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:Mesenchymal reaction and serum glycoprotein concentration in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. 123 31

The authors review twelve cases of chronic hepatitis seen at the IMSS hospital in Puebla in a span of three years. They analyze and compare clinical, laboratory and biopsy data with special emphasis on the microscopic evolution of the disease and the response to different therapeutic regimes. Gamma-globulins were elevated in 80% and hepatitis B antigen in 50%. RIA is more sensitive than contra-immune electrophoresis. In six cases the diagnosis was of active chronic hepatitis and two of these developed towards cirrhosis; one became chronic persistent hepatitis and the other three are stationary and well controlled with prednisone. One patient died with a clinical picture of portal-systemic encephalitis. The six cases of persistent chronic hepatitis evolved towards a spontaneous cure.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis]. 123 79

HBSAg was demonstrated radioimmunologically in cerebrospinal fluid in 7 out of 11 seropositive children with acute viral hepatitis B (1/2), fulminant viral hepatitis (0/1), chronic active hepatitis (2/4), chronic persistent hepatitis (1/1), cirrhosis (1/1), and asymptomatic carrier status (2/2). Counterelectrophoresis and complement fixation test lacked the necessary sensitivity to detect the antigen even in patients with high serum concentrations. The pass over of the cerebrospinal barrier appears to be dependent of the serum titer. Some neurologic symptoms in the early stage of acute viral hepatitis are probably connected with the appearance of HBSAg in cerebrospinal fluid. It is however unlikely that central-nervous-system dysfunctions observed in association with fulminant viral hepatitis and coma result from a direct effect of HBSAg or hepatitis B-virus. In chronic carriers the cerebrospinal fluid probably contains the antigen more frequent. The cerebrospinal fluid of HBSAg-positive patients has to be regarded as an infectious agent.
 ...
PMID:[Detection of HBSAG in cerebrospinal fluid by means of a radioimmunoassay technique (author's transl)]. 125 17

A controlled clinical trial comparing 2-Mercapto-Priopionyl-Glycine (2-MPG) plus B12 vitamin with B12 vitamin alone in chronic liver disease has been conducted in seven hospitals in Italy. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of liver histology; group I included 26 patients showing histological evidence for chronic persistent hepatitis (C.P.H.) (according to De Groote et al.) whereas group II consisted of 54 patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis (C.A.H.) or compensated liver cirrhosis. Patients of each group were randomly allocated to 2-MPG plus B12 vitamin, or to placebo plus B12 vitamin, in a double-blind way. The drug (or placebo) was diluted in 500 ml of 10% Levulose, and administered intravenously; 1000 gamma of B12 vitamin were added to each bottle. Patients in the 2-MPG group received 2.5 gms of the drug daily; the treatment lasted for 30 days. The following parameters were checked in all patients on admission, and repeated at the end of treatment: Serum bilirubin, serum Cholesterol, A.P., BSP retention, Prothrombin time, S-GOT, S-GPT, Gamma-GT, Total serum Protein, serum electrophoresis, Immunoglobulins. Patients given 2-MPG showed significant decreases of serum transaminases, and improvement of BSP retention.
 ...
PMID:[Controlled clinical trial of 2-mercapto-propionyl-glycine in chronic hepatopathies]. 125 87

The levels of C3, cholinesterase, albumin and prothrombin were determined in 46 patients (27 males and 19 females) - 26 with cirrhosis of the liver, 9 with acute hepatitis, 6 with chronic aggressive hepatitis, 1 with chronic persistent hepatitis and 4 with fatty liver. In all patients and, particularly in those with cirrhotic liver, it was shown that the normal or pathological level of serum C 3 is related both qualitatively and quantitatively to the normal or pathological levels of cholinesterase, albumin, and prothrombin. The percentage in which the levels of these four parameters were pathological was considerably higher in the cases with hepatic coma than in the cases without hepatic coma. The determination of the range of confidence for the 4 parameters showed that, in the patients with hepatic coma, cholinesterase reacted most sensitively to liver damage (0.5 - 0.94) followed by C3 and prothrombin (0.33 - 0.81). Also in the cases without hepatic coma, cholinesterase was the most sensitive indicator (0.05 - 0.29), followed by prothrombin (0.03 - 0.24), albumin and C3 (0.00-0.16).
 ...
PMID:Serum levels of C3 and cholinesterase in various diseases of the liver. 125 98

Putative E2/NS1 sequence of hepatitis C virus was expressed in E. coli as a fusion protein with maltose binding protein. Approximately 80 kDa protein was obtained containing 38 kDa E2/NS1 protein. The antibody to this protein was detectable in the same serum from which the sequence was amplified. It was also detectable in none of 7 acute hepatitis, in 2 of 12 chronic persistent hepatitis, in 3 of 25 chronic active hepatitis, and in 2 of 4 cirrhosis. It was detectable in none of 10 normal subjects. In 3 cases who were positive for the antibody before the interferon treatment, it became undetectable after the treatment. Thus, it seems that the antibody is not a neutralizing antibody and is related to active viral replication.
 ...
PMID:Detection of antibody to hepatitis C E2/NS1 protein in patients with type C hepatitis. 128 Apr 30


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>