Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) were detected in 60.8% of 78 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cirrhosis, present in most of the patients, as well as alcohol abuse, age, sex, and alpha-fetoprotein were equally distributed in the anti-HCV-positive and -negative groups. HBsAg positivity was significatively higher in negative anti-HCV group. By contrast, hepatitis B virus (HBV) antibodies were detected more frequently in positive anti-HCV patients than in the negative anti-HCV group. These data must be considered with caution because of the small number of HBsAg-positive patients. It is concluded that the high prevalence of anti-HCV in patients with HCC may suggest an etiological role of the hepatitis C virus, although in relationship to age, alcohol abuse and cirrhosis, the similarity in the two groups questions this hypothesis.
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PMID:Serum antibodies to hepatitis C virus in Italian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 216 May 17

The influence of hepatitis B virus infection, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking and use of oral contraceptives on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was evaluated in a hospital-based case-control study in Catalonia, in the Mediterranean coastal area of north-eastern Spain. A total of 96 HCC cases (86.5% of them with associated liver cirrhosis) and 190 age- and sex-matched controls were studied. The odds ratio of HCC and 95% confidence interval among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers was 4.9 (1.3-21.9). The OR was not significantly elevated in smokers, and a marginally significant increased risk was found among users of oral contraceptives based on 6 female cases. There was a significant dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of HCC (chi 2 for trend: 24.3, p less than 0.001). Although hepatitis B infection was strongly associated with HCC, alcohol abuse leading to cirrhosis appears to be one of the main causes of HCC in this region.
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PMID:Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in Catalonia, Spain. 216 42

Although rather uncommon and multifactorial in etiology, liver cirrhosis is a severe and often rapidly fatal disease in pediatrics. In our institution, during the last 15 years, 22 children with liver cirrhosis have been followed. The underlying predisposing condition was HBV infection (8 cases), CMV perinatal infection (2 cases), Wilson's disease (4 cases), chronic cholestasis (2 cases) and alcohol abuse (2 cases); in 4 cases no predisposing condition was evident. In all cases the histological examination of the liver was the diagnostic cornerstone. The mean age at diagnosis was 6 years and 8 months, with an early onset especially in the posthepatitis cirrhosis. In 10 out of 22 patients, cirrhosis was not preceded by an history of chronic liver disease. Poor subjective symptomatology was present in 13 of the cases, hepatomegaly in all, splenomegaly in 18 cases, signs of hepatic failure in 13 cases. In all patients various impairments of hepatocellular synthesis were detectable, especially during the period preceding the development of hepatic insufficiency. The mean time to cirrhosis was 5 years. The average duration of the follow up was 3 years and 4 months: during the follow up 6 patients improved, 5 patients showed no clinical or functional modifications of their hepatic disease, 3 patients worsened and 8 died. In order to perform suitable treatment of liver cirrhosis the need of early diagnosis and etiological definition should be emphasized.
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PMID:[Liver cirrhosis in childhood. Considerations on 22 cases with different etiology]. 217 33

Methotrexate is by far the most widely used cytotoxic drug in psoriasis. Treatment requires normal kidney, liver and bone-marrow function, and pregnancy and alcohol abuse are absolute contraindications. Serious toxic reactions are recognized, but can be avoided if the drug is used correctly. The most important side-effects are haematopoietic and hepatotoxic. It is well established that long-term methotrexate can induce liver damage which, in a number of patients, may lead to fibrosis or cirrhosis. Recent studies have, however, documented that the methotrexate-induced liver cirrhosis is not aggressive. Interaction can occur with a number of drugs; serious problems in particular may arise with concomitant use of sulphonamides and salicylates. The recommended guidelines for methotrexate use in psoriasis should be followed and patients given clear instructions.
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PMID:Methotrexate side-effects. 185 36

Cases of acute exacerbation in chronic liver disease ("acute-on-chronic") in Japan were surveyed by questionnaire method since 1986 and 220 cases were collected. 73 pathological specimens of 102 cases which were autopsied were subjected to morphological analysis. The cases were divided according to causes of acute exacerbations: namely super-imposed viral infection or drugs (Group I), unknown causes or post immunosuppressant therapy (Group II), alcohol abuse (Group III), operation, digestive tract hemorrhage or post TAE etc, (Group IV). Area of hepatic necrosis was large and regeneration of hepatocytes were significantly strong in Group I and II compared with cases of Group IV. Regeneration was also inhibited in liver of habitual alcohol drinker. Significant difference was shown in cases of Group IV. Pathologically liver of 10 cases of Group III divided to florried cirrhosis (3 cases), alcoholic liver cirrhosis (4 cases) and alcoholic hepatitis combined with post hepatitic liver cirrhosis (3 cases, all HBV carriers).
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PMID:[Histopathological analysis of 73 autopsy cases of "acute-on-chronic" in Japan--influence of alcohol abuse on exacerbation of chronic liver disease]. 221 72

Recent reductions in liver cirrhosis morbidity and mortality rates have been noted in many Western countries. We have previously observed that these declines are associated with increases in treatment for alcohol abuse over regions of Ontario, and increases in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) membership over American states. One important question is whether the potential impact of treatment and AA membership increases could be large enough to have an impact on population cirrhosis rates. We explore this issue using estimates of the effects of treatment and AA membership, and of the likelihood of alcohol abusers developing cirrhosis, derived from the research literature. The results suggest that increases in treatment and AA membership could indeed have made important contributions to declines in cirrhosis mortality and morbidity in Ontario (1975-82) and the USA (1979-82).
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PMID:Are increases in treatment levels and Alcoholics Anonymous membership large enough to reduce liver cirrhosis rates? 226 89

A significant increase in associated liver disease has been confirmed in duodenal ulcer cases, with various studies showing a 5-14% incidence of the ulcers in patients with cirrhosis. The present study was undertaken to discover the incidence of peptic ulcer in such patients, to investigate a series of epidemiological data in a group cirrhosis patients with ulcers and to establish an adequate protocol for the treatment of the ulcer in both its acute and post-healing stage. The incidence of peptic ulcers in cirrhosis patients was calculated in a retrospective study of 377 hospitalised patients in two consecutive years (1986, 1987). The epidemiological data are based on 99 of them. Acute ulcer treatment was given in 31, while 41 with healed ulcers were put on maintenance therapy. Ulcers were found in 16-17% of the cirrhosis patients; the cirrhosis was caused by alcohol abuse in 61.53% and was post-necrotic in 21.79%. Endoscopy revealed duodenal ulcers in 60.6%, gastric ulcers in 32.3%. In this sample, 39.39% were non-smokers, while 23.23% smoked over 20 cigarettes a day.
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PMID:[Peptic ulcer and liver cirrhosis. Clinico-epidemiologic considerations]. 232 Feb 79

We analyzed the clinical-diagnostic features of 67 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) collected from June 1981 to December 1985. The male-to-female ratio was 3.4:1, the average age was 66.7 years; alcohol abuse was present in 38 cases (56.7%); HbsAg positivity was present in 10 of 62 patients (16.1%); the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was greater than 500 ng in 17 of 61 patients (28%) and normal in 24 of 61 (39.3%). Concomitant cirrhosis was found in 51 patients (76.1%). The median survival of the whole group was of 10 weeks from diagnosis. The clinical suspicion of HCC was arisen by ultrasound (US) and the diagnostic was confirmed cytologically in 57 patients out of 60 who underwent ultrasonically guided fine-needle biopsy (UG-FNB), with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 100%. In 7 cases (including the 3 false-negative FNB), the diagnosis was made by laparoscopic biopsy and, in 3 cases, on autopsy. US identified a single tumor in 27 cases (40.3%); 7 were smaller than 5 cm. Only 4 patients (5.9%) were considered for surgery. We conclude that the cirrhotic patients (above all those HbsAg positive) constitute a high-risk group requiring periodic (every 3 months) US examination. To confirm the HCC, we believe in the high diagnostic accuracy of UG-FNB, whereas laparoscopy should be confirmed to the cases where FNB gives a doubtful false-negative result or to complete the presurgical staging.
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PMID:Clinical and diagnostic features of 67 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. 243 9

This cohort study evaluated mortality patterns, 1940 through 1982, of 2,192 chemical workers who, having engaged in the manufacture of higher chlorinated phenols and derivative products, had potential occupational exposures to chlorinated dioxins. Relative to United States white male mortality experience, there were no statistically significant deviations from expected for the following categories: all causes, total malignant neoplasms, or specific malignancies of particular interest: stomach cancer, liver cancer, connective and other soft-tissue cancer, the lymphomas, or nasal and nasopharyngeal cancer. For the cirrhosis of the liver category, internal comparisons demonstrated increasing trends associated with duration of employment in the Chlorophenol Production and Finishing areas; but available evidence suggests this finding was related to alcohol abuse. The study does not support a causal association between chronic human disease as measured by mortality and exposures to the higher chlorinated phenols, derivative products, or their unwanted contaminants, the chlorinated dioxins.
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PMID:Cohort mortality study of chemical workers with potential exposure to the higher chlorinated dioxins. 243 70

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rapidly fatal neoplasm of high worldwide prevalence. Fibromellar carcinoma (FLC), a variant of HCC, lacks the dismal prognosis of "ordinary" HCC (O-HCC) and is characterized by a diagnostic histologic appearance. The current study analyzes the clinical characteristics, immunohistochemistry, and treatment of nineteen cases of FLC. These data, together with a detailed review of the literature, further characterize this unique variant. FLC affects younger patients and lacks the male predominance of O-HCC. Also, FLC lacks specific association with cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus infection, use of oral contraceptives, and alcohol abuse, all of which are implicated in other hepatic tumors. This, along with differences in serum tumor marker prevalence (AFP, B12 binding protein) suggests that its pathogenesis differs from that of O-HCC. Despite these differences, FLC shares a common differentiation with O-HCC. The increased amounts in FLC of stainable alpha-1-antitrypsin, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein, all of which are acute phase reactants and normal hepatocyte products, implies better differentiation of FLC cells. Finally, the better prognosis of FLC is supported by this study, since only two of the 19 patients died because of tumor. This contrasts with the reported survival of patients with O-HCC, usually measured in weeks. Hepatic transplantation may hold promise for future patients with "surgically unresectable" FLC as procedure-related complications are overcome.
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PMID:Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: an immunohistochemical study of nineteen cases and a review of the literature. 245 77


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