Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 34 year old patient was diagnosed as suffering from congestive cirrhosis due to constrictive pericarditis 18 years ago. A terminal dystrophic episode of additionally acquired chronic aggressive hepatitis B led to rapidly progressive liver failure. Orthotopic liver transplantation was carried out. 10 months after transplantation the patient is alive and well. Presence of HBsAg and HBcAg can again be demonstrated in the liver graft, however, without histologic evidence of hepatitis. Problems of prognosis after liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus infection are discussed.
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PMID:[Hepatitis B in established cardiac cirrhosis--a rare indication for liver transplantation]. 261 53

Chronic liver disease associated with hepatitis B virus infection is both common and serious; no satisfactory treatment currently exists. Orthotopic liver transplantation is an option for patients with end-stage liver disease associated with hepatitis B virus infection despite the risk of allograft reinfection. Passive immunoprophylaxis has been attempted perioperatively to prevent graft infection but has not been beneficial. Some patients with chronic type B hepatitis have benefited clinically from antiviral therapy and, in particular, interferon, but its use has not previously been reported as an approach to prevent allograft infection. We administered recombinant leukocyte A interferon perioperatively to a patient who underwent liver transplantation for type B chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis. Circulating hepatitis B virus DNA was found postoperatively while the patient was receiving interferon, and stainable viral antigen subsequently reappeared in the transplanted liver. Thus, the drug failed to prevent viral replication and allograft infection. Thus far, no evidence of progression of the chronic hepatitis has been noted.
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PMID:Failure of interferon to prevent recurrent hepatitis B infection in hepatic allograft. 265 99

Delta hepatitis is a relatively common in Egypt especially in patients with chronic liver disease. Delta virus infection is associated with a high frequency of hepatic decompensation and it seems to impose additional burden on liver function. It does not seem to be more prevalent in particular type of cirrhosis but the CAH pathology was found to be mostly associated with virus infection. HBV replication seems to be inhibited by the presence of delta virus as evidenced by the low frequency of HBe Ag in serum and HBs Ag in liver among patients with HDV infection.
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PMID:The pattern of bilharzial infection with hepatitis B virus associated with delta agent. 279 75

Since antibodies to polyalbumin have been noted to occur in patients with hepatitis or cirrhosis, we investigated sera from 219 patients with a variety of acute and chronic liver diseases with and without HBsAg using an ELISA. The prevalence of circulating polyalbumin antibodies was shown to be significantly increased over that of healthy controls (6.7%) in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (67%), acute viral hepatitis (41%) and fulminant hepatic necrosis (38%), but such antibodies were absent in chronic hepatitis B patients and other liver diseases. Serial studies in acute hepatitis showed evidence of antibodies early in the course of illness with disappearance prior to full recovery. In acute hepatitis B, the presence of polyalbumin antibodies was significantly associated with female sex (p less than 0.01), 3-fold higher transaminase levels and shorter duration of clinical illness (less than 4 weeks in all cases). Polyalbumin antibodies appear to be associated with diseases characterized by active hepatocyte necrosis. Since they are evident early in acute hepatitis B when complexes of polyalbumin and virus are likely, these antibodies may play an adjunctive role to other hepatitis B-related antibodies in the clearance of hepatitis B virus infection.
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PMID:Antibodies to polymerized human serum albumin in acute and chronic liver disease. 282 Aug 57

During the years 1976 through 1985, 55 cases of primary malignant tumor of liver in infants and children were treated. Of the 55, 30 were histologically proved to have hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and ten to have hepatoblastoma (HB). HCC was diagnosed in another 14 children based on clinical findings. There was one case of liposarcoma. Distinguishing features of primary malignant tumor of the liver of children in Taiwan include: (1) a significantly greater number of HCC than HB (4.4:1); (2) a 100% (25/25) positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with family clustering for HCC; (3) 71% of the HCC patients also suffered from liver cirrhosis; (4) male preponderance in incidence of HCC. All of these results strongly supported the idea that vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus infection from the mother plays an important role in the development of HCC in this area. A 60% resectable rate and 40% survival rate were observed in HB, but for HCC, the resectability was less than 10%. Only two children were cured of HCC. Among those without tumor resection, all, except two, children died within 1 year. No difference in survival time was observed between those who had chemotherapy and those who did not. Early diagnosis and complete excision of the tumor remains the only way to long-term survival. Monitoring of alpha-fetoprotein in high-risk children, followed by more intensive investigation for those with elevation, is mandatory for early detection of the tumor.
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PMID:Primary malignant tumor of liver in infants and children in Taiwan. 283 62

In a prospective study of 613 patients with cirrhosis of different aetiological types increasing age, male sex, and non-UK nationality were found to be significant independent risk factors for the progression of cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Seropositivity for hepatitis B surface antigen and the duration and aetiology of cirrhosis were not related to the development of the disease. Age and sex were also found to be significant risk factors when UK patients alone were considered. Seropositivity for hepatitis B surface antigen may be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma only because hepatitis B virus infection is a common cause of cirrhosis.
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PMID:Risk factors in development of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: prospective study of 613 patients. 286 13

Among 108 individuals with chronic asymptomatic hepatitis B virus infection, liver biopsies and serological investigation were performed simultaneously to determine the correlations of anti-HBc with the infection level of the liver pathology. The results showed that the prevalence of IgA and IgM anti-HBc, and the titers of IgA, IgM, and total anti-HBc, correlated with the liver damage. IgA anti-HBc was most prominent, being present in the whole group of patients with chronic active hepatitis with cirrhosis, and was absent in the whole group of asymptomatic carriers with normal histology. There were no linkages of IgA and IgM anti-HBc with the infectivity; in addition, the titer of total anti-HBc correlated inversely with the viral replication.
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PMID:Significance of various classes of anti-HBc in individuals with chronic asymptomatic HBV infection. 291 27

A serological survey for evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was conducted in the Kingdom of Tonga as the first step in developing a strategy for an immunization programme. There were 414 individuals from the general population plus 137 pregnant women included in the survey. HBsAg was found in 20% of the general population and 88% had one or more serologic markers of HBV infection. In the 5-9 year age group, 80% of the children had one or more markers of HBV, and in the 10-19 year age group, the prevalence was 96.4%, indicating that most transmission of HBV in the Tongans studied occurs in the young. Of the pregnant women studied, 15% were positive for HBsAg, and 57% of those positive for HBsAg were also positive for HBeAg. Evidence of delta virus infection was not found in any of 82 HBsAg positive sera tested. Surveillance data suggested that significant serious sequelae to HBV infection (cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma) also occur in Tonga. Immunization of infants and children is the most effective strategy for reducing or eliminating HBV infection and its sequelae in developing countries like Tonga.
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PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Tonga: identifying high risk groups for immunization with hepatitis B vaccine. 295 66

Hepatocellular carcinoma has a lower prevalence and presents at a later age in urban Blacks than in rural Blacks. These differences have previously been shown not to be attributable to differences in serum hepatitis B virus markers. In the present study, the average age of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in a developing urban Black population is shown to have risen from 38.9 to 56.5 years (p less than 0.0001) over a 20-year interval, while the prevalence of co-existing cirrhosis has declined from 66 to 44% (p less than 0.05) and tissue HBsAg positivity has fallen from 44 to 17.7% (p = 0.002). The lower prevalence of tissue HBsAg in the recent patients may be explained by their older age. Macronodular cirrhosis was present in 56% of cases in the earlier period but declined to 18.9% in the later period, with micronodular cirrhosis becoming the dominant nontumor pathology (p = 0.002). Liver damage attributable to the abuse of alcohol is now found in more than half of the cases (48/90) of hepatocellular carcinoma occurring in this population. The remainder show no changes (12 cases) or show macronodular or incomplete septal cirrhosis (30 cases), presumed to be of viral origin. The latter cases are more likely to have serum markers of current hepatitis B virus infection than those with evidence of alcohol abuse. We conclude that alcohol is increasing in importance as an etiologic association of hepatocellular carcinoma in urban South African Blacks. At the same time, the prevalence of macronodular cirrhosis (and of cirrhosis as a whole) in urban patients with this tumor has declined. The reason for this decline is not known.
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PMID:Liver morphology in southern African blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma: a study within the urban environment. 298 64

The hypothesis that Mallory body formation by hepatocytes is a sign of preneoplasia was tested. This hypothesis was based on animal experiments but has not been tested in man. The authors studied the livers of 181 human autopsies in which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was present and 82 cirrhotic livers from patients with alcoholism, HB viral infection, or cryptogenic cirrhosis. The frequency of Mallory bodies in nonneoplastic hepatocytes was 40% in the HCC-bearing livers with cirrhosis (LC). In HCC-bearing livers with pre-cirrhotic changes (PC), 25% showed Mallory body formation by nonneoplastic hepatocytes. In the cases of HCC, where there was no accompanying PC or LC, Mallory bodies were never found in the nonneoplastic hepatocytes. When the 82 cirrhotic livers without HCC and the 116 cirrhotic cases with HCC were combined, it was found that HCC was present in 70% of cirrhotic livers when the nonneoplastic liver cells contained Mallory bodies. When no Mallory bodies were found in the nonneoplastic liver cells, HCC was present in 53% of cases. The difference between the two groups was significant (P less than 0.05). The difference was significant for both HB viral hepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis but not for alcoholic cirrhosis. Likewise, when nonneoplastic hepatocytes formed Mallory bodies in cirrhotic livers, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of HCC cells that formed Mallory bodies (P less than 0.01). When nonneoplastic hepatocytes occurred in groups of Mallory body forming cells, the hepatocellular features were atypical and characteristic of dysplastic cells. The evidence indicates that when Mallory body formation was observed in HBsAg-positive and cryptogenic cirrhotic livers, they were associated with an increased frequency of HCC formation in man.
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PMID:Is mallory body formation a preneoplastic change? A study of 181 cases of liver bearing hepatocellular carcinoma and 82 cases of cirrhosis. 298 33


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