Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Salicylamide glucuronide (SAMG) in 0-6 and 6-12 hours-urine specimens was determined after oral administration of salicylamide in 7 normal volunteers (NV), in 51 cases of various liver diseases and hyperbilirubinemias, and in 19 cases after drug administration, to predict the in vivo drug metabolism in man and its change by drugs. Maximal glucuronide formation was obtained by 1.0 g of salicylamide administered to NV; thus, this dosage was used in the present study. SAMG as percent of total salicylamide, the percent of SAMG, from 0-6 hours-urine specimens was high and constant in NV (71.3 +/- 8.3 (Mean +/- S.D.)). 0-0.08% of the total salicylamide was confirmed as free salicylamide in 0-12 hours-urine specimens of NV. The percent of SAMG of 0-6 hours-urine specimens was 57.2 +/- 8.6 in acute hepatitis, 66.6 +/- 10.9 in chronic hepatitis, and 48.6 +/- 10.7 in liver cirrhosis (mean +/- S.D.). Free salicylamide increased slightly in liver diseases. Serum bilirubin levels tended to be inversely correlated with the percent of SAMG. In most cases of Gilbert's syndrome, the percent of SAMG remained at a normal level. The percent of SAMG in cases with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemias of other geneses were almost within normal limits. Bucolome and phenobarbital increased the percent of SAMG in patients with various liver diseases. After rifampicin or phenytoin administration, the percent of SAMG of the patients with lung tuberculosis or epilepsy did not surpass that of NV.
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PMID:Salycylamide glucuronide formation in liver disease and its change by drugs. 1 Feb 19

A total of 301 Black patients without rheumatic diseases was studied to estimate the prevalence and causes of positive rheumatoid factor. The latex slide test was positive in 25% of patients and 21% had a 'diagnostic' titre of 80 or more. A significant relationship between gamma-globulin levels and rheumatoid factor positivity was demonstrated. IgG appeared to be the most important in determining this relationship. The most common ailments among sero-positive patients were cirrhosis and tuberculosis.
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PMID:Rheumatoid factor in non-rheumatoid black patients. 6 47

Liver dysfunction was observed in 33% of patients treated by hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. Fifty-eight percent of these cases of hepatitis occurred in patients with past or present HBs antigenemia, and 77% of HBsAg-positive patients showed evidence of LD. However, during the course of a program conducted from 1969 to 1976 and involving 267 patients, the decrease in the prevalence of HBs antigenemia observed during the last two years did not lead to any reduction in LD incidence. In a small number of patients, potentially hepatotoxic drugs could be incriminated, but in our experience azathioprine never appeared to be involved. In a few patients, LD was due to granulomatous disease of the liver, such as tuberculosis and schistosomiasis. Twenty-one (7%) of the 267 patients at risk developed chronic hepatitis, which contributed to death in nine patients. In 12 cases (three deaths), this form of hepatitis occurred in HBsAg-positive patients, and in nine cases (six deaths), in HBsAg-negative patients. In three of these latter individuals, cytomegalovirus could be incriminated. Routine monthly screening for CMV in kidney recipients confirmed the high incidence of this viral infection in such patients. Studies on murine CMV infection have demonstrated that this infection can be enhanced by histoincompatible graft or by cyclophosphamide in a model that is very close to the kidney recipient. As in mice, CMV infection in kidney recipients apparently results from reactivation of a latent infection. It seems to play a major role in the LD observed and could apparently lead to chronic hepatitis and even to cirrhosis of the liver. Finally, the occurrence of LD in HBsAg-, anti-HBs- and antiCMV-negative patients would suggest the responsibility of other viruses for the pathogenesis of liver disease in patients treated by hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. Besides Epstein-Barr virus, other viruses, such as hepatitis C virus, should be thoroughly scrutinized.
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PMID:Liver disease in patients undergoing hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. 11 44

A short survey is given on description and evaluation of progress and developmental trend of laparoscopy. Important technical improvements are the cold light via the glass fibre light conductor, optics of high value, the colour photography with electronic flash-light, colour films and colour television, new accessory instruments and belongings. Now as ever hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, jaundice, ascites, portal hypertension, suspicion of cirrhosis and metastases are regarded as main indications. The laparoscopy deserves a greater consideration in unclear abdominal symptoms, in gynaecological diseases, for the proof of the affection of liver and spleen in lymphogranulomatosis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis (with aimed liver biopsy). The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the differential diagnosis of the jaundice competes with the laparoscopy, but it is not able to supersede it. The laparoscopic judgment of the pancreas and the importance of visible changes of the fine structed. Among the contraindications of the laparoscopy the hiatal hernia has lost its significance.
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PMID:[Laparoscopy--current aspects]. 13 32

Out of 2,500 patients who underwent laparoscopy 772 (30.89%) had ascites; liver cirrhosis underlay it in 57.78%, peritoneal carcinosis in 26.29%, primary and metastatic carcinoma, respectively, in 12.95%, tuberculous peritonitis in 1.42%, more rarely other diseases. Liver cirrhosis, malignant tumours and the other hepatic affections with concomitant ascites in their course can certainly be diagnosed laparoscopically. Laparoscopy with oriented biopsy of peritoneum and liver is of decisive importance in differentiating peritoneal carcinosis from tuberculosis. In peritoneal carcinosis the diagnosis (as based in clinical and laboratory findings) coincided perfectly with the laparoscopic and histologic one in 24.5%, partially in 45.5%. In 30% there was no congruence at all. Laparoscopy and the test methods associated with it contributed to the accurate diagnosis of peritoneal carcinosis in 75.5% of the patients. Ovarian carcinoma (20.9%) and cancer of the stomach (16.3%) underlay peritoneal carcinosis most frequently, other diseases by far more seldom.
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PMID:[Laparoscopy in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ascites]. 14 May 35

The results of liver biopsy in 100 patients with tuberculosis are reported. In 8 patients, biopsy only occurred secondarily, during liver disease which appeared during antituberculous treatment. In five cases, the association of rifamycin and isoniazid was probably responsible and the mild histological signs noted suggested a favourable course after stopping one of the drugs or simply reducing the dose. The 3 other patients had virus hepatitis and biopsy was of prognostic interest by revealing the onset of post-hepatic cirrhosis. In 92 cases, liver biopsy was carried out before treatment. In 34 cases the liver was normal, in 38 patients there were hisotlogical changes which did not suggest tuberculosis but, probably, alcoholism. These were : steatosis, in 21 cases, cirrhosis in 8 cases, a mixture of steatosis and cirrhosis in 4 cases, and acute alcoholic hepatitis in 5 cases. Finally, in 20 cases, biopsy revealed an appearance of granulomatous hepatitis. Although this lesion is significant in the development of the disease, it is not characteristic of tuberculosis unless there is caseous necrosis, as in 2 cases, and unless culture of the biopsy material is positive, as in one case out of 9, i.e. the diagnostic interest of liver biopsy is not very great compared with prognostic interest. By determining the anatomical condition of the liver, often not obvious when simple liver function tests are carried out, it permits one to forsee to some extent the tolerance of the liver to antituberculous treatment, especially in alcoholics.
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PMID:[Information obtained by liver biopsy in 100 tuberculous patients]. 17 Jun 85

In 145 cases of intraabdominal disease, a laparotomy was considered the next diagnostic step, but peritoneoscopy was performed instead. In 37 cases with a suspicion of metatastic carcinoma, peritoneoscopy with guided biopsy demonstrated carcinoma in 29. In 32 cases, with biopsy-proven cirrhosis of the liver with high suspicion of a hepatoma, peritonescopy demonstrated the presence of hepatoma in 12. In 28 cases, protracted unexplained jaundice was present; nonsurgical causes for jaundice were found in 15. In 48 cases an exudative (protein greater than 2.5 per 100 ml) ascites was present. In 19 cases, either tuberculosis or carcinomatous implants of the peritoneum were found, and ovarian carcinoma was found in 9. Peritoneoscopy with guided biopsy obviated the need for laparotomy in 90% of these cases.
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PMID:Peritoneoscopy and guided biopsy in the diagnosis of intraabdominal disease. 18 49

Authors give results about 60 laparoscopies in negro immigrants. If one excepts isolated cases of liver cirrhosis, hepatoma, staphylococcic liver abscess, lymphosarcoma or schistosomiasis of the peritoneum and twelve normal laparoscopies, the most frequent diagnosis in this peculiar group is peritoneal and/or liver tuberculosis (21 cases). Endoscopic aspects of hepato-splenic schistosomiasis are summarized. Interest of liver and/or peritoneal biopsies is underlined. Problem of liver granulomatosis may be ambiguous between schistosomiasis and tuberculosis.
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PMID:[Laparoscopy in black African immigrants. Apropos of 60 cases]. 21 15

A study of 3451 cholesterol determinations in different diseases was carried out. The mean cholesterol levels for male and female adults and children with different diseases were compared with values for their healthy counterparts. Sickle cell anemia, leukemia, liver cirrhosis, hepatosplenomegaly, tuberculosis, and diabetic, nutritional, ataxic, and tropical neuropathies in male and female adults were associated with reduced cholesterol level while in children malnutrition and anemia were the main causes of low cholesterol levels. Obesity and hypertension caused an elevated level but the mean values were within the range for adult Nigerians in the high income group. Only nephrotic syndrome in both adult and children was associated with a markedly increased cholesterol level in Nigerians of low income status.
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PMID:Serum cholesterol and diseases in Nigerians. 50 76

Tuberculous peritonitis is an uncommon disorder and is often not considered on initial evaluation of ascites. A negative 5-TU PPD test, a normal chest roentgenogram, or a low level of ascitic fluid protein may erroneously direct attention away from tuberculosis. Failure to thoroughly evaluate nonmalignant exudative ascites, especially in alcoholics, is a common diagnostic pitfall. TB peritonitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in every patient who presents with ascites, fever, and abdominal pain, particularly when alcoholism, a lung lesion, weight loss, or cirrhosis is also present. Percutaneous needle biopsy of peritoneum, followed by peritoneoscopy if necessary, may preclude the need for laparotomy. Antituberculous drugs, when conscientiously taken, afford a rapid response with a cure in most patients. Case material on four patients is presented.
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PMID:Tuberculous peritonitis. 51 68


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