Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 54-year-old man developed Kaposi's sarcoma 2 months following orthotopic liver transplantation for hepatitis B-associated liver cirrhosis. At that time he was on combined immunosuppressive therapy (azathioprine, prednisone and cyclosporine A). The disease is very prevalent among immunosuppressed patients following renal transplantation, but is considered to be relatively rare following liver transplantation. The patient ran a relatively benign course without organ involvement and with only the skin disease. This is the first case of Kaposi's sarcoma following liver transplantation reported in Israel.
 ...
PMID:[Kaposi's sarcoma following liver transplantation]. 142 72

The interferons (IFN) act too slowly to arrest acute viral infections, but interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) preparations have proved useful in some chronic infections and will clearly be used increasingly in these in the future. In the preparations derived from human leucocytes or cultured B lymphoblastoid cells, which are in routine clinical use, mixtures of a number of distinct subtypes of human IFN alpha have been identified. There are also 3 slightly different versions of the same single subtype, IFN alpha-2, made by recombinant DNA procedures in bacteria. IFN alpha preparations are injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Dose-related side effects are common but usually tolerable, but prolonged treatment may cause increasing fatigue and depression. Some patients form neutralising antibodies which block the effects of the IFN; these appear to be relatively more common after recombinant IFN alpha-2 than after IFN derived from human cells. Given intranasally, IFN alpha can prevent a subsequent experimental rhinovirus infection, or the spread of natural colds within a family. Repeated administration progressively damages the nasal mucosa, so that long term prophylaxis is not possible. IFN alpha has proved useful in patients with papillomavirus warts of the larynx, ano-genital region (condyloma acuminata) and skin (common warts). Treatment regimens remain to be optimised and are likely to include surgery or other treatments. IFN alpha and zidovudine (azidothymidine) synergistically inhibit the growth of HIV in vitro, and combination are on trial in patients with early AIDS. Very large doses of IFN alpha are effective against Kaposi's sarcoma in some AIDS patients. In chronic hepatitis B, continuing virus replication may lead to cirrhosis or primary liver cancer. Earlier clinical trials with IFN alpha gave inconclusive results, but recent large studies have confirmed that 25 to 40% of patients obtain benefit; this probably results from both the antiviral and the immunomodulatory effects of IFN alpha. In patients with chronic hepatitis C, the biochemical markers usually improve rapidly during IFN alpha administration, but relapse if treatment is stopped after only a few months; to increase the chances of sustained cure, the treatment period is now being prolonged.
 ...
PMID:The use of interferon-alpha in virus infections. 172 72

Blood serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) level was found elevated in the patients suffering from eczema, neurodermatitis, eczema with large skin sites involved, and in those with trophic ulcers of various origins, as against normal subjects and reference patients with sarcoidosis and Kaposi's sarcoma. Elevated level of the enzyme activity is directly related to exacerbation stage and size of the skin site involved; this level reduced after therapy and this reduction was associated with clinical improvement. No concomitant visceral abnormalities (calculous cholecystitis, liver cirrhosis, or malignant tumors) were detected in the examinees, that might influence the blood serum AP activity.
 ...
PMID:[The alkaline phosphatase activity of the blood serum as a factor reflecting the chronic inflammatory process in the skin in generalized forms of psoriasis, neurodermatitis, eczema and trophic ulcers]. 209 93

The occurrence of malignant tumors in leprosy patients was studied in 252 autopsied cases. Malignant tumors were found in 33 out of 110 autopsy cases from 1962 to 1971, and in 51 out of 141 autopsy cases from 1977 to 1989 (until July). In 1974, a lepromatous case with Kaposi's sarcoma was autopsied. The incidence of malignant tumors in our 252 cases were 33.7% (85 out of 252). Carcinoma of the alimentary system was most common: stomach, liver and large intestine, in that order. There was an increased number of hepatocellular carcinoma closely related to liver cirrhosis. Carcinoma of the lung has increased remarkably in leprosy patients quite recently. Malignant lymphoma was the most common of the nonepithelial malignant tumors, and four of these cases were seen in lepromatous leprosy patients. Eight cases showed double or triple cancers; seven of these were autopsied during 1977 to 1989. Further studies should be done to ascertain which types of leprosy showed the highest incidence, and which sex showed more frequent malignant tumors.
 ...
PMID:Leprosy and malignancy: autopsy findings of 252 leprosy patients. 217 58

A case of disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in a 21-yr-old white heterosexual male with cryptogenic cirrhosis and no serological or immunological evidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is reported. The patient died 2 wk after diagnosis. Postmortem examination showed involvement of lymph nodes, liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and bone marrow. This case demonstrates that Kaposi's sarcoma can occur in a young heterosexual male with normal immune function and in the absence of HIV infection.
 ...
PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma with visceral involvement in a young heterosexual male without evidence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 291 91

We describe a 78-year-old man with a diffuse large-cell lymphoma that was limited to the liver and was associated with micronodular cirrhosis and Kaposi's sarcoma that involved abdominal lymph nodes and gastric mucosa. The serum of the patient reacted positively to a test for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III antibodies. We discuss the clinical and autopsy findings for this unusual patient, the criteria for the diagnosis of primary lymphoma of the liver, and its occurrence in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Primary lymphoma of the liver in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 301 Aug 99

Clinical and autopsy findings obtained from 15 male patients treated for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at 3 hospitals in Sao Paulo provided a clearer profile of AIDS cases in Brazil. Of the 12 patients whose sexual orientation was recorded, 9 were homosexual and 3 were bisexual. 75% were between the ages of 22-36 years; 14 were white. The duration of diseases ranged from 14 days-7 months in this series, confirming the rapid evolution of AIDS from 1st symptom to death. The most common clinical manifestations of disease were fever, cough, weight loss, diarrhea, and lymphadenopathy. Organs most frequently involved were the lungs (13 cases) and encephalum (9 cases). Microscopic findings revealed 9 types of microorganisms, fungi, and protozoa, the most common of which was Cytomegalovirus (7 cases). The cause of death was meningoencephalitis in 7 cases and panlobar pneumonia in 3 cases. The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (2 cases) was surprisingly low in this series. In addition to lesions produced by microorganisms, there were important associated lesions represented by lymphocytic depletion, acute myocarditis, brown atrophy of neuronia, acute pancreatitis, and liver cirrhosis. Several microorganisms and tumors in these AIDS patients were discovered only at autopsy, confirming the importance of necropsy to the study of the natural history of this disease. An unexpected pathological finding in this series was the absence of cellular reactions to microorganisms, particularly Pneumocystis carinii, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 ...
PMID:Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Brazil. Necropsy findings. 362 18

Polyclonal gammopathy with beta-globulin-gamma-globulin (beta-gamma) bridging has been classically, though not exclusively, described with cirrhosis. We studied two unusual cases that exhibited polyclonal gammopathy with beta-gamma bridging. In the first case, the coexistence of Kaposi's sarcoma appeared with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. In the second, liver disease developed as a complication of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and retroperitoneal malignant fibrous histiocytoma involving the porta hepatis.
 ...
PMID:Polyclonal gammopathy with beta-globulin-gamma-globulin bridging. Two unusual cases. 616 96

The study included 11 patients with AIDS who underwent gastric emptying studies for solid food, endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy), and gastric biopsy whenever gastritis was diagnosed on endoscopy. All studies were performed within 1 week. The studies were retrospectively reviewed to analyze the changes in gastric emptying secondary to Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) with or without opportunistic infections. Two patients with KS only had rapid gastric emptying (T1/2 6.7 and 45 minutes). Two other patients with KS and opportunistic infections had normal gastric emptying (T1/2 56.7 and 70 minutes), and one patient with KS and opportunistic infections had rapid gastric emptying (T1/2 25.9 minutes). Four patients with gastritis secondary to opportunistic infections and no KS had delayed gastric emptying (T1/2 622, 92, 266.5, and 179.4 minutes). The remaining two patients had endoscopy showing gastritis not proven by biopsy, and both had rapid gastric emptying. One patient had gastric ulcer (T1/2 39 minutes), and the other had chronic active hepatitis and early cirrhosis (T1/2 15 minutes). Esophagitis was present in 6 out of 7 patients who had gastritis. Esophageal candidiasis was confirmed in three patients, and cytomegalovirus was confirmed in one patient. The findings suggest that gastroduodenal KS is associated with fast gastric emptying in patients with AIDS. However, normal gastric emptying study does not reflect normal gastric physiology in patients with AIDS.
 ...
PMID:Gastric emptying patterns in Kaposi's sarcoma and gastroenteritis secondary to human immunodeficiency virus infection. 798 15

Pleural effusion (PE) has been increasingly diagnosed over the last eight years in the Department of Internal Medicine of the Centre Hospitalier of Kigali, Rwanda. To determine the etiology of PE and to examine its possible association with HIV-1 infection and tuberculosis (TB), the authors performed an etiological work-up, including thoracocentesis and pleural punch biopsy, of all new patients with PE of undetermined etiology referred to the Division of Pulmonary Diseases at the hospital between September 14, 1988, and October 16, 1989. 81 men and 46 women of mean age 34 years were enrolled in the study. Pleural TB was diagnosed in 86% and confirmed histologically and/or bacteriologically in 82%. 82 of the 98 pleural TB patients tested for antibody to HIV-1 were HIV-1-seropositive. Metastatic cancer was responsible for PE in six patients, Kaposi's sarcoma in three, lymphoma in one, anaplastic carcinoma in one, and adenocarcinoma in one. Non-TB pneumonia was documented in five patients and was associated with HIV-1 infection in four. Other causes of PE were congestive heart failure, decompensated cirrhosis, constrictive pericarditis, or undetermined; only one of these latter patients was HIV-seropositive. The authors therefore found TB to be the predominant cause of PE and it is strongly associated with HIV-1 infection. In an African area highly endemic for HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection, PE should therefore be considered a good marker of TB as well as HIV-1 infection.
 ...
PMID:Pleural effusion, tuberculosis and HIV-1 infection in Kigali, Rwanda. 844 20


1 2 Next >>