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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper gives, in detail, the causes of either liver disease or hepatomegaly in 100 patients, mostly adults, admitted to the medical wards of Angau Memorial Hospital, Lae, during 1968 and 1969. The major findings included liver cell carcinoma, cirrhosis (often with chronic active hepatitis), tropical splenomegaly, pericholangitis and hepatitis. There were 27 with miscellaneous findings including ten with normal, or almost normal, livers despite the definite enlargement. Patients with liver cell carcinoma presented late in the course of their illness and had a poor prognosis. Others, with pericholangitis, had clinical features of portal hypertension indistinguishable from that complicated cirrhosis. There was an unexpected number with chronic active hepatitis and a liver biopsy is essential for such a diagnosis. Hepatic sinusoidal lymphocytosis is almost invariably found in patients with TS but may occasionally be found in those with a non-palpable spleen. Patients with right heart failure of chronic respiratory disease, and jaundice of acute pneumonia were excluded from the study.
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PMID:Liver disease in Papua New Guinea. 19 19

In a 22-year followup of 3686 San Francisco longshoremen, the roles of physical activity, cigarette smoking habit, and systolic blood pressure level were evaluated independently in relation to risk of death from a broad range of diseases. Smoking pattern and blood pressure status were established in 1951 and job activity was assessed annually during the followup period. Lower levels of energy expenditure predicted increased risk of fatal heart attack and perhaps of stroke. Heavy cigarette smoking predicted increased risk of death from heart attack, cancer, chronic obstructive respiratory disease, and pneumonia. Higher levels of systolic blood pressure were associated with death from all cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cirrhosis. Tacit to these findings: sedentary living takes its toll largely through heart disease and stroke; the toxicity of cigarette smoking is associated with a broader range of diseases, including heart attack, cancer, and respiratory disease; and higher level of blood pressure related to an even broader range of cardiovascular disease than either of the other characteristics studied.
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PMID:Energy expenditure, cigarette smoking, and blood pressure level as related to death from specific diseases. 68 71

This is the second update of a study of 3,444 taconite miners and millers who were first exposed to taconite, with associated exposures to silica and nonasbestiform amphiboles, in the period 1947 through 1958. Previous analyses of deaths through 1977, and again through 1983, showed no significant excess deaths from any specific causes. The present study continues the follow-up through 1988, adding 14,748 person-years of observation and 261 death certificates for analysis. The population, reduced to 3,431 because of the detection of 13 earlier duplications, has now been observed for 101,055 person-years, with 1,058 deaths and 1,039 death certificates. Death certificates were obtained for 98.2% of those known to be dead. The total number of deaths was significantly fewer than expected. Based on US rates, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 83 (ie, 83% of expected). Based on Minnesota death rates, it was 91. With both US and Minnesota death rates, the SMRs for malignant neoplasms, cancer of the respiratory tract, cancer of the digestive system, heart disease, nonmalignant respiratory disease, and cirrhosis of the liver were all below 100. Slightly elevated SMRs were found for cancer of the colon, cancer of the kidney, and lymphopoietic cancer. These elevations were not statistically significant. Separate analyses were made of total deaths, lung cancer deaths, and kidney cancer deaths in men who had worked with taconite for time periods of less than 1 year, 1-5 years, 5-10 years, and over 10 years, during observation periods less than 10 years, 10-20 years, and over 20 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:An updated study of taconite miners and millers exposed to silica and non-asbestiform amphiboles. 133 7

To test the hypothesis that firefighter exposures may increase cancer risk, mortality rates were calculated for 3,066 San Francisco Fire Department firefighters employed between 1940 and 1970. Vital status was ascertained through 1982, and observed and expected rates, rate ratios (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using United States death rates for comparison. The total number deceased (1,186) was less than expected and there were fewer cancer deaths than expected. However, there were significant excess numbers of deaths from esophageal cancer (12 observed, 6 expected), cirrhosis and other liver diseases (59 observed, 26 expected), and accidental falls (21 observed, 11 expected). There were 24 line-of-duty deaths, which were primarily due to vehicular injury, falls, and asphyxiation. Heart disease and respiratory disease deaths occurred significantly less often than expected. It was concluded that the increased risks of death from esophageal cancer and cirrhosis and other liver diseases may have been due to firefighter exposures, alcohol consumption, or interaction between alcohol and exposures. Because this was an older cohort and firefighter exposures have changed due to the increasing use of synthetic materials, it is recommended that the effects of modern-day exposures be further studied.
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PMID:An epidemiologic study of cancer and other causes of mortality in San Francisco firefighters. 200 22

A proportionate mortality study of police and firefighters in New Jersey was conducted using the records of a comprehensive retirement system. Three reference populations were used: U.S. general population, New Jersey general population, and police as a reference group for the firefighters. Overall neither group differed from the New Jersey male population in the cause of death. Analyses by latency showed an increase in skin cancer and cirrhosis in firefighters and cirrhosis in police. With increased time from first employment, an inverse association was found between heart disease and time of first exposure. This was reflected in statistically significant increased proportionate mortality rates (PMR) for arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) (ICD 410-414) for both working police (PMR = 1.15) and firefighters (PMR = 1.2). Retired police and firefighters had PMRs of 0.96 and 0.98, respectively. Firefighters had a significant increase in nonmalignant respiratory disease (PMR = 1.98) and leukemia (PMR = 2.76) when the police were used as a reference group. Potential causes of the above findings are discussed.
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PMID:Mortality in police and firefighters in New Jersey. 348 81

The relation between education, prevalence of 17 chronic diseases or groups of diseases, and pattern of health care utilisation was evaluated from data from the 1983 Italian National Health Survey, based on 58 462 individuals aged 25 or over randomly selected within strata of geographical area, size of place of residence, and size of household, in order to be representative of the whole Italian population. Most of the diseases considered, including diabetes, hypertension, myocardial infarction and other heart disease, haemorrhoids or varices, chronic respiratory disease, anaemias, gastroduodenal ulcer, cholelithiasis and liver cirrhosis, kidney and urological diseases, arthritis, and psychiatric and neurological disturbances, were consistently less prevalent among more educated individuals. The age and sex adjusted risk estimates for individuals educated in high school or university compared with those with only a primary school education or less ranged between 0.21 for liver cirrhosis and 0.80 for anaemias. The sole exception was allergy, which was more prevalent among the more educated individuals (relative risk = 1.42). General practitioner visits and hospital admissions were reported less frequently by the more educated individuals, but specialist consultations of potential preventive value were less frequent among the less well educated. The results were similar when occupation was utilised as an indicator of social class. Thus, the findings of this national survey provide confirmation and quantitative assessment of considerable differences in health and health service utilisation according to indicators of social class.
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PMID:Education, prevalence of disease, and frequency of health care utilisation. The 1983 Italian National Health Survey. 365 37

Occupational mortality in women who died in England and Wales from 1970 to 1972 was analysed. Many of the associations found were consistent with those that have been described for men, with high mortality ratios for cirrhosis in barmaids and publicans, for suicide in the medical and allied professions, and for respiratory disease in textile workers. Parity is a determinant of patterns of disease in working women, and the relative excess of cancer of the breast, ovary, and uterine body in professional and clerical workers probably reflected the high proportion of nulliparous women in these groups. Other associations may have reflected true occupational hazards; one observation requiring further attention was the high proportional mortality ratio for anaemia in textile and clothing workers. The description of the occupational mortality among women in England and Wales is hampered by the incomplete recording of information about women's occupations at registration of death. As women now constitute 40% of the workforce, often have their own specific occupations, and possibly also have their own diseases related to specific occupations it is time for the registrar's guidelines on the recording of women's occupation--last reviewed at the beginning of this century--to be revised.
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PMID:Occupational mortality among women in England and Wales. 392 19

The number of deaths by cause, race, and sex among 2,709 workers (1,003 white males, 789 black males, 517 white females, and 400 black females) in the tobacco industry identified from obituary listings of the Tobacco Workers' International Union from 1957 to 1978 were compared to expected numbers based on the experience of the U.S. population. The frequency of deaths from cancer of the colon was slightly elevated among each race-sex group [proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) from 129 to 163]. Although unexplained, this resembles the excess of cancer of the digestive system previously reported among cigarette manufacturers. The excess deaths from cancer of the lung occurred only among white females and may represent chance findings. Among non-neoplastic causes of death, PMRs for arteriosclerotic heart disease, motor vehicle accidents, and suicides were high among most race-sex groups, while PMRs for respiratory disease and cirrhosis of the liver were low.
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PMID:Causes of death among workers in the tobacco industry. 661 3

This paper reports the mortality experience from 1948 to 1989 of 2,504 maintenance employees who had a minimum of one year of employment in jobs with potential exposure to asbestos at a Texas refinery and petrochemical plant. For the purposes of this study, "potential exposure" is equated with those jobs or crafts having the greatest direct potential proximity to, or which worked directly with, asbestos-containing materials, especially asbestos-containing thermal insulation. Approximately one-half of the study population had 10 years or longer potential exposure, and 80% had their first potential exposure before 1970. The total population exhibited significantly lower mortality for all causes, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR = 77); and for all cancer (SMR = 85), as compared to residents in the surrounding communities. Statistically significant deficits in mortality were also observed in a number of noncancerous diseases such as heart disease (SMR = 78; 95% CI = 69-88), nonmalignant respiratory disease (SMR = 70; 95% CI = 50-95), and cirrhosis of the liver (SMR = 44; 95% CI = 22-79). Mortality among employees who had 20 years or longer since their first potential exposure was also examined; the pattern of mortality was similar to that exhibited by the total cohort, with a slight increase in the SMR for most of the causes. The only statistically significant excess of mortality found was a fourfold increase in mesothelioma (5 observed and 1.2 expected deaths) the SMR was 428 (95% CI = 139-996) for the total cohort and was 469 (95% CI = 152-1093) for those who had 20 years or more since first potential exposure. In contrast to asbestos industry worker studies, mortality for lung cancer was substantially lower than the general population (SMR = 81; 95% CI = 63-103). The observed number of deaths for cancer of the larynx was virtually the same as expected (3 observed vs. 2.8 expected). This study also showed decreased mortality for cancers of gastrointestinal organs such as the esophagus (SMR = 78), stomach (SMR = 63), large intestine (SMR = 91), rectum (SMR = 55), or pancreas (SMR = 90)--cancers that have been reported to be elevated in studies of various industry workers directly exposed to asbestos.
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PMID:Mortality among maintenance employees potentially exposed to asbestos in a refinery and petrochemical plant. 880 46

Results from a prospective mortality surveillance of 3803 refinery and petrochemical workers at a Shell Oil Company facility in Louisiana are presented. This report includes employees who worked more than 6 months before January 1, 1994 and pensioners who were alive as of January 1, 1973. Vital status was ascertained through 1993. Regardless of the comparison population used to calculate expected numbers (United States, Louisiana, or the surrounding tri-parish area), significantly fewer deaths were observed for all causes combined, all malignant neoplasms, heart disease, nonmalignant respiratory disease, and cirrhosis of the liver among male employees after 10 or more years' latency. With the United States as comparison, the all causes combined standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.65 to 0.79), and the SMR for all cancer was 0.75 (95% CI = 0.61 to 0.92). The brain cancer rate for this group was nonsignificantly increased, with five observed deaths and three expected deaths, whereas mortality from leukemia was consistently lower than expected. The overall favorable mortality experienced by employees at this refinery and chemical plant is probably a result of a combination of factors, such as the healthy worker effect, relatively low risks related to the workplace, and the beneficial effects of continuing employment.
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PMID:A mortality study of oil refinery and petrochemical employees. 917 90


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