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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The epidemiology of alcohol abuse and liver disease among alcoholics, with special emphasis on Poland, was reviewed and liver morphological changes attributable to the action of alcohol discussed. Furthermore, possible mechanisms leading to steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis were discussed in detail followed by brief review of clinical and biochemical abnormalities accompanying alcoholic liver disease and therapy of this disorder.
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PMID:[Liver damage in alcoholics]. 181 85

A group of 70 chronic alcoholics--65 men and 6 women--has been studied. HBsAg was found in 11 (16%), and at least one marker of HBV infection was present in sera from 31 (44%) persons, these results being significantly higher than in a matched control population. The commonest single histological patterns were: steatosis (18 cases), and alcoholic hepatitis (18 cases), followed by normal liver (14 cases) and chronic active hepatitis (12 cases). Cirrhosis was diagnosed in only 4 cases. Five cases of chronic active hepatitis could be attributed to infection with HBV or HDV; in the remaining 7 cases the etiology was unclear. Infection with HBV seems to play an important role as the cause of liver disease among alcoholics in Poland, and chronic active hepatitis of various etiology may be an important form of liver pathology among them.
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PMID:Liver disease among Polish alcoholics. Contribution of chronic active hepatitis to liver pathology. 221 94

Mortality among workers of the rubber industry was assessed following the observation of the cohort comprised of 6,978 male workers who had started their employment in the plant producing rubber footwear during the years 1945-1973, and worked for, at least, three months. The condition of the cohort was assessed for December 31, 1990. Standardised mortality rate (SMR) was used as a measurement tool and it was calculated by means of the man-year method. The general population of Poland was taken as the reference population. General mortality in the cohort was significantly higher than in the reference population (2020 death, SMR = 110). Significant excess mortality due to atherosclerosis (205 deaths, SMR = 135) and cirrhosis of the liver (48 deaths, SMR = 170) was also noted. Total number of deaths due to malignant neoplasms-421-was slightly higher than expected. Significant excess of the bladder cancer (13 deaths, SMR = 357), the larynx cancer (23 deaths, SMR = 180) and the lung cancer (148 deaths, SMR = 122) was revealed. Significantly increased risk of the large intestine cancer (15 deaths, SMR = 242) was observed in the subcohort of workers employed in direct production departments.
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PMID:[Mortality among workers of the rubber industry. III. Results of further observation of the male cohort]. 747 45

Over the past decade, with the use of plasma-derived factor VIII and factor IX, treated with virucidal methods, as well as with recombinant factor VIII, the replacement therapy of hemophilia has been intensified. In developed countries, a majority of patients are being treated at home, and large groups of children benefit from primary prophylaxis. A serious task in these countries for the coming years is the management of patients infected with HIV. In Poland and less-developed countries, the supply of antihemophilic factor concentrates is inadequate. Patients with inhibitor antibodies should be included in programmes of immune tolerance inducement. Many patients who had been multitransfused with cryoprecipate or received lyophilized concentrates before 1985, have developed chronic hepatitis associated with viral infections. About 15-30% show evidence of cirrhosis. Recombinant technologies should be improved and become more accessible in order to provide patients with safe and cheap antihemophilic factor concentrates. A true break-through in the hemophilia treatment would be a repair of the inherited clotting defect with gene therapy.
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PMID:[Current status and future prospects of hemophilia treatment]. 765 34

The study of 226 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a homogenous rural Southern African population is based on the assessment of histology, HBV infection, p53 oncoprotein and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFa) expression. Epidemiological and morphological observations were compared to HCC observed in 89 cases from pathological files in Poland and published information from Japan and Italy. Comparatively high number of young patients with HCC in Africa presented high rates of HBV infection, p53 oncoprotein overexpression and high HBsAg/p53 correlation rates. In all patients histological grading of HCC was inversely related to p53 and TGFa expression. No significant differences in histological grading of HCC and patients' mean age were noted between various population groups. The association of hepatic cirrhosis was at least twice as common in non-African patients, whereas iron overload was noted almost exclusively in African patients livers. Signs of HBV infection were lowest in Japanese female patients. The mechanism by which early HBV infection contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis at an early stage of life is confirmed by epidemiological observations in Poland and by the clear association of p53 gene with HBsAg and the age of patients.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in young patients: histology, cellular differentiation, HBV infection and oncoprotein p53. 866 53

The authors describe the first in Poland case of liver retransplantation in an adult recipient, in whom the indication for the procedure was bile duct necrosis following liver transplantation due to liver cirrhosis of an uncertain origin.
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PMID:Liver graft bile duct necrosis--indication for retransplantation. 986 56

Polymorphism at the ADH2 and ADH3 loci of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has been shown to have an effect on the predisposition to alcoholism in Asian individuals. However, the results are not conclusive for white individuals. We have analyzed the ADH genotype of 876 white individuals from Spain (n = 251), France (n = 160), Germany (n = 184), Sweden (n = 88), and Poland (n = 193). Peripheral blood samples from healthy controls and groups of patients with viral cirrhosis and alcohol-induced cirrhosis, as well as alcoholics with no liver disease, were collected on filter paper. Genotyping of the ADH2 and ADH3 loci was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods on white cell DNA. In healthy controls, ADH2*2 frequencies ranged from 0% (France) to 5.4% (Spain), whereas ADH3*1 frequencies ranged from 47. 6% (Germany) to 62.5% (Sweden). Statistically significant differences were not found, however, between controls from different countries, nor between patients with alcoholism and/or liver disease. When all individuals were grouped in nonalcoholics (n = 451) and alcoholics (n = 425), ADH2*2 frequency was higher in nonalcoholics (3.8%) than in alcoholics (1.3%) (P =.0016), whereas the ADH3 alleles did not show differences. Linkage disequilibrium was found between ADH2 and ADH3, resulting in an association of the alleles ADH2*2 and ADH3*1, both coding for the most active enzymatic forms. In conclusion, the ADH2*2 allele decreases the risk for alcoholism, whereas the ADH2*2 and ADH3*1 alleles are found to be associated in the European population.
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PMID:Genetic polymorphism of alcohol dehydrogenase in europeans: the ADH2*2 allele decreases the risk for alcoholism and is associated with ADH3*1. 1073 56

Gradual decrease of salmonellosis is observed in Poland since 1988. In 1998, 26,739 cases of salmonellosis were noted, incidence rate = 69.2 per 100,000 population. Above 80% of cases were laboratory confirmed by isolation Salmonella strains (57 serotypes). Laboratory-based surveillance led to the identification 82 serotypes among examined persons; the most frequent serotype was Enteritidis: 90% of cases and 70% of Salmonella infected healthy persons. Serotypes: Typhimurium, Virchow, Hadar and Infantis caused 6% Salmonella infections. Nearly 53% of patients were hospitalized. Like in the previous years, the most affected age group were children under five (361/100,000). The extraintestinal Salmonella infections were observed in 64 patients for whom at least 1 nonfecal specimen was culture-positive for non-typhoidal Salmonella. Twenty eight patients had positive blood cultures (26--Enteritidis, 2--Typhimurium). The other positive specimens included subdural fluid (3), pleural fluid (3), joint fluid (2), urine (11) and pus (15). Half of the patients had immunocompromising conditions. Other diseases contributed to infection, especially in older patients, who had hematologic and nonhematologic malignancy, lupus erythematosus, diabetes, cirrhosis. There were 11 deaths (17%).
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PMID:[Salmonellosis in 1998]. 1107 49

The prevalence of hepatitis B infection in population in Poland is low and averages 1-1.5%. However, it means that about 380,000 Poles constantly or temporarily replicate HBV. Chronic HBV infection is associated with increased risk of serious liver diseases and it is estimated that 25-40% of patients with chronic hepatitis B will die prematurely of cirrhosis or primary liver cancer. Up to the present, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), with low response rate between 25-55% and some limitations of therapy, has been the only available treatment for chronic hepatitis B. A favorable outcome of IFN-alpha therapy is associated with some prognostic factors, not accepted by all investigators, such as low level of HBV-DNA in serum. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of therapy with IFN-alpha 2b (Intron A), administered s.c. 5 MU x 3/week for 16 weeks, in 65 patients with chronic hepatitis B, divided into groups according to the baseline HBV-DNA level. Except for serum HBV-DNA level, there were no demographical and biochemical differences between all the treated groups. The patients were followed-up for 12 months. Sustained response (SR) to the therapy (defined as ALAT normalization, loss of detectable HBV-DNA, seroconversion HBeAg to anti-HBeAg and improvement in liver histology) was observed in 16 (57.14%) of patients in the group with HBVDNA level < 1000 pg/ml, in 6 (37.5%) with HBV-DNA level of 1001-3000 pg/ml, in 4 (28.57%) with HBV-DNA level of 3001-5000 pg/ml and only in 2 (28.57%) of patients in group with HBVDNA level > 5000 pg/ml. We conclude that IFN-alpha is particularly useful in therapy of patients with chronic hepatitis B with low levels of HBV-DNA. The baseline HBVDNA level < 1000 pg/ml in serum is the predictor of good response to IFN-alpha therapy.
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PMID:HBV-DNA level in blood serum as a predictor of good response to therapy with interferon-alpha-2b of patients with chronic hepatitis B. 1120 40

In estimating the overall scale of death from tobacco in developed countries, there is a range of uncertainty between the lower limits and the upper limits of what is scientifically plausible. Following a method by Peto, Lopez et al. to base the calculations chiefly on the lower limits, we have compared the tobacco-related mortality for females and males separately in various ages groups between Poland and Sweden over a period of three decades. This method is built on the following steps: ignore deaths under age 35, ignore cirrhosis and non-medical causes, compare lung cancer at ages 35-79 with US non-smokers and concerning other diseases at ages 35-79 make a conservative halving of apparent excess attributed to tobacco. Concerning mortality all causes a tobacco-related mortality among Polish men has increased more than 50% from the 5-year period 1965-1969 to the period 1990-1994. The analyse for women gives a strongly other picture compared with men showing much lower rates. When comparing the middle age group with the overall population it is interesting to find a faster increase in tobacco-related mortality rates for Polish men and for Swedish women in the age group 45-64 years than in the overall group. Swedish men have reduced their smoking habit strongly and far more than Polish men (17 and 42% respectively 1999). Concerning the pattern of tobacco use it is obvious that Swedish and Polish women during the last descades have had the same and slowly decreasing smoking prevalence (21 and 23% respectively 1999). It is important to use not only lung cancer mortality but a total picture of tobacco-related disorders as indicators of the success in tobacco control in a country as well for women as for men, especially in the middle age groups.
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PMID:Tobacco-related mortality following the Peto-Lopez epidemiological model used in international public health comparison. 1252 85


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