Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cytocentrifuged preparations of mononuclear cells in blood and pleural fluid were stained for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) in order to characterize the lymphocytes of pleural effusions histochemically. The cellular samples were obtained from 42 patients with pleural effusions caused by tuberculosis, pneumonia, cancer, malignant lymphoma, sarcoidosis, congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis or nonspecific causes. The mean percentage of ANAE-positive lymphocytes from patients with tuberculous pleural effusion was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) in pleural fluid (85.6%) than in peripheral blood (70.0%). Tuberculous pleural fluid also contained a higher mean percentage of ANAE-positive lymphocytes than did pleural fluid from patients with cancer (75.0%), malignant lymphoma (50.0%), pneumonia, nonspecific disease (74.9%) or transudates (59.3%). The findings show that ANAE staining is useful for demonstrating T lymphocytes in pleural effusions. The pathogenetic role of these T lymphocytes and the diagnostic significance of demonstrating ANAE-positive cells in pleural effusions are discussed.
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PMID:Acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase staining of lymphocytes in pleural effusions. 617 49

As part of a systematic program to evaluate the late effects of antineoplastic therapy in randomized clinical trials, patients enrolled in the low-dose thio-TEPA (TSPA) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) adjuvant colorectal cancer protocols of the Veterans Administration (VA) Surgical Oncology Group between 1958 and 1964 were studied. All patients received surgery with curative intent; 470 also received TSPA, 176 received FdUrd, and 867 received surgery only. The unique VA system permitted complete follow-up through 1977, with 10,902 person-years of observation accrued among 1,613 male patients (mean survival = 6.8 yr). Expected mortality and cancer incidence were computed by applying U.S. Mortality Statistics and Connecticut Tumor Registry age-, race-, sex-, and calendar time-specific rates to the person-years of observation. The mortality experience of the 3 groups was similar. Overall, there was a significant excess in total mortality (observed/expected = 1,359/553) attributable mainly to colorectal cancer (584/14), arteriosclerotic heart disease (258/215.9), pneumonia (41/17), gastric and duodenal ulcers (15/4), and cirrhosis (14/6). No excess mortality from noncolorectal cancers was apparent, nor were there significant differences by treatment: TSPA (22/22), FdUrd (9/12), and surgery only (50/42). Among 1,402 white patients, no significant excess of incident noncolorectal cancers were observed among patients treated with TSPA (30/31, FdUrd (14/15), or surgery only (63/58). Seven incident cases of leukemia developed (4.1 expected) among all patients of various groups: TSPA (3/1.3), FdUrd (1/0.6), and surgery only (3/2.2). No excess of new primary cancers was observed among 211 nonwhite patients. An inverse relationship between the occurrence of second primary cancer and age at diagnosis, irrespective of therapy, was suggested. The results demonstrated the feasibility of this approach for assessment of late complications of anticancer therapy and suggested no measurable carcinogenic effect following very low doses of TSPA and FdUrd in a population of this size.
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PMID:Late effects of low-dose adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. 644 45

Patients with cirrhosis have an increased risk of dying from pneumococcal pneumonia. Their immunological response to pneumococcal vaccination is not known. We compared the antibody response to challenge with a 14-valent purified pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in 15 patients with biopsy-proven alcoholic liver cirrhosis, 10 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Preimmunization levels for Danish type 1 pneumococcal polysaccharide were lower among cirrhotics than patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Four and 12 weeks after immunization, no significant differences were found in antibody concentrations between the three groups. We conclude that patients with alcoholic cirrhosis can produce an adequate antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide antigen.
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PMID:Pneumococcal vaccination: the response of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. 647 58

A cohort study was done on 1396 deaths seen among 4352 Japanese male Zen priests during a follow up period from 1 January 1955 to 31 December 1978. Standardised mortality ratios were computed for major causes of death by comparing with the counterparts of the general Japanese male population. The SMR for all causes of death was 0.82 (p less than 0.001) and the SMR values for cerebrovascular diseases, pneumonia and bronchitis, peptic ulcer, liver cirrhosis, cancer of the respiratory organs, and cancer of the lung were all significantly smaller than unity. Taking regional mortality differences into account, a similar computation was made dividing the cohort into two subcohorts--that is, the priests living in eastern Japan and those in western Japan. Both subcohorts showed a highly significantly smaller SMR than unity for all causes of death. With the exception of only a few causes of death for which the observed number of deaths was small, they also showed such reduced SMRs for nearly all of the causes of death tested. A questionnaire survey on the current life style of active priests showed that they smoke less, eat less, meat and fish as they follow the more traditional Japanese dietary habits, and live in less polluted areas, but their drinking habits do not differ much from that of the average Japanese adult man. Possible reasons for their reduced mortality are discussed.
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PMID:Mortality among Japanese Zen priests. 674 17

Caseous lymphadenitis was the most frequently encountered pathological condition in 3,720 feral goats examined during routine meat inspection procedures. Among 9 separate consignments of animals, the prevalence of infection averaged 7.4% (range 0.3% to 18.8%). The majority of lesions were seen in lymph nodes draining superficial body areas although many also occurred in internal nodes and organs. Corynebacterium ovis was isolated from 25 of 32 lesions submitted for bacteriological examination. Other conditions regularly encountered included pneumonia, cysticercosis, sarcosporidiosis and lice infestation, while myonecrosis, pleurisy, pericarditis, nephritis, hepatitis, cirrhosis and mite infestation were only occasionally found. A total of 171 serum samples were collected and tested against 17 antigens. Samples from 57.9% and 51.5% of goats showed positive serological reactions to the antigens for sarcosporidiosis and Q fever respectively.
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PMID:An abattoir survey of diseases of feral goats. 680 55

Flow cytometry allows rapid and accurate analysis of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content of a large number of cells. In solid tumors, the presence of aneuploidy has been shown to correlate wall with the presence of neoplastic cells. Both cytologic examination and DNA analysis by flow cytometry were performed on pleural effusions from 33 patients. Results of the two examinations were in agreement in 10 of 12 malignant pleural effusion (two false-negatives) and in 20 of 21 benign effusions. One patient with cirrhosis, ascites and Nocardia pneumonia had hypodiploid cells (false-positive) in the pleural fluid. All patients who had a malignancy, but whose pleural effusion proved to be due to a benign cause, had cells with normal DNA content in their pleural effusion. DNA analysis using flow cytometry can be rapidly performed and is highly specific and sensitive. The finding of hyperdiploid cells is highly suggestive of malignancy.
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PMID:Analysis of pleural effusions using automated flow cytometry. 687 29

Legionnaires' disease, although primarily seen as a pulmonary affection, may also manifest systemic involvement. Evidence is given to demonstrate bacteremia and focal myocarditis in a patient with cirrhosis and pneumonia.
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PMID:Extrapulmonary histopathologic manifestations of Legionnaires' disease: evidence for myocarditis and bacteremia. 699 Aug 89

In a prospective study (from April, 1980 to April, 1981) of 110 patients with moderately severe to severe pneumonia 11 were found to have 12 manifestations of Legionnaires' disease. Diagnosis was proven by indirect immunofluorescence tests, either a quadruple titre rise to 1 : 128 or a single titre of at least 1 : 256. The clinical picture in all 11 patients was the typical one of severe pneumonia, usually involving the lower lobes, high fever between 39 and 40.4 degrees C, as well as WBC counts between 6.8 and 28.9 X 10(9)/l. In nine cases artificial ventilation was required, in four there was acute renal failure requiring dialysis, in four other definite renal insufficiency. All patients had underlying disease, in some severe, such as chronic obstructive lung disease, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, liver cirrhosis, renal transplantation or extensive operations. Eight patients died, four of them of Legionnaires; disease. The relatively high infection rate (10%) indicates that in patients with risk factors, as well as those with a pneumonia unresponsive to the standard treatment within five to seven days, Legionnaires' disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:[Legionnaires' disease: prospective study of its incidence, clinical features and prognosis. (author's transl)]. 706 Apr 96

The purpose of this analysis was to study the proportion of deaths in the forensic autopsy service that occur in the absence of any witnesses and what is the incidence of the witnessed sudden and unexpected natural deaths. The material comprised all 799 adult males (25--64 years) autopsied at the Department of Forensic Medicine University of Helsinki in 1976. In 350 (43.8%) cases the deceased was found dead. Of these unwitnessed deaths 205 were due to various non-natural causes whereas 125 were due to diseases. The incidence of unwitnessed natural death in the province of Uusimaa from which the autopsies came was 45.1 and that of witnessed instant (death within 10 minutes) natural death 33.2 per 100 000 of the respective male population, corresponding to 6.2% and 4.5% of all natural deaths of males in this age group. Cardiovascular and especially ischaemic heart diseases comprised the major proportion of all unwitnessed and sudden and unexpected natural deaths, whereas pneumonia was the leading category in the remaining cases. Quite often (17.4%) chronic alcoholism, cirrhosis of the liver or moderate alcohol intoxication were recorded as contributing factors to the unwitnessed and sudden and unexpected natural deaths from cardiovascular and other diseases.
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PMID:Sudden and unexpected natural deaths of adult males. An analysis of 799 forensic autopsies in 1976. 720 23

In a prospective study of a sample of male alcoholics, age standardized rates of death from cancer and other causes were compared with expectancies based on the mortality of the general male population of Ontario and that of U. S. veterans in the Dorn Study. A typical profile of mortality due to alcoholism was found with high excess mortality from cirrhosis, pneumonia, violent causes, lung cancer, and cancers of the upper digestive and respiratory tracts. There was no evidence of the associations recently reported in the literature between alcohol use and other cancers such as those of the stomach, colon, and pancreas. Comparison with veterans whose smoking resembled that of the alcoholics revealed similar rates of death from lung cancer, considerable excess mortality among the alcoholics from cancers of the upper digestive and respiratory tracts, and no difference in overall cancer mortality. Heavy alcohol use per se increases the risk of cancer at certain sites, but it may not increase the overall risk of neoplastic disease.
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PMID:The role of drinking and smoking in mortality from cancer and other causes in male alcoholics. 722 36


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