Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A long-term follow-up of 740 American servicemen splenectomised because of trauma during the 1939-45 war showed a significant excess mortality from pneumonia and ischaemic heart-disease. Mortality from cirrhosis was also increased, but not significantly. The findings confirm that the risk of fatal infections is increased by asplenia; however, the risk of cancer was not increased, as it is in some other immunodeficiency states. Post-splenectomy thrombocytosis and hypercoagulability may account for the increased risk of fatal myocardial ischaemia in this group.
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PMID:Splenectomy and subsequent mortality in veterans of the 1939-45 war. 6 6

This paper gives, in detail, the causes of either liver disease or hepatomegaly in 100 patients, mostly adults, admitted to the medical wards of Angau Memorial Hospital, Lae, during 1968 and 1969. The major findings included liver cell carcinoma, cirrhosis (often with chronic active hepatitis), tropical splenomegaly, pericholangitis and hepatitis. There were 27 with miscellaneous findings including ten with normal, or almost normal, livers despite the definite enlargement. Patients with liver cell carcinoma presented late in the course of their illness and had a poor prognosis. Others, with pericholangitis, had clinical features of portal hypertension indistinguishable from that complicated cirrhosis. There was an unexpected number with chronic active hepatitis and a liver biopsy is essential for such a diagnosis. Hepatic sinusoidal lymphocytosis is almost invariably found in patients with TS but may occasionally be found in those with a non-palpable spleen. Patients with right heart failure of chronic respiratory disease, and jaundice of acute pneumonia were excluded from the study.
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PMID:Liver disease in Papua New Guinea. 19 19

Among 200,000 infants screened for alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) deficiency, 125 Pi Z, 48 Pi Z, 1Pi S-, and 2 Pi Z- children were followed up prospectively. Eleven percent of the Pi Z infants had neonatal cholestasis, and at 2 years of age three of them had cirrhosis. About 50% of the asymptomatic Pi Z and Pi Z- subjects occasionally had serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) levels above normal, and in 15% of them the levels were probably permanently increased during the first two years of life. Two previously healthy Pi Z children had transient symptoms of liver disease at age 2 years in connection with severe infections. The Pi SZ children had no significant clinical liver disease and only two had abnormal serum ALAT levels. Among Pi Z children up to 2 years of age the following diseases were also encountered: eight had recurrent bronchitis with wheezing, two had persistant cough (both had cirrhosis), one had severe pneumonia, one was mentally retarded, three had urinary tract infections, six had pronounced eczema, one had allergic shock, and three had congenital malformations. Among the Pi SZ children one had recurrent bronchitis, one had eczema, and one had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Three children, two Pi Z and one Pi SZ, have died. The Pi Z- and Pi S- subjects were healthy. In conclusion a variety of significant symptoms were observed in about 30% of the Pi Z children compared with 6% of the Pi SZ children during the first two years of life.
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PMID:alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in early childhood. 30 15

In our Service of Gastroenterology (Hospital Colonia) there were 16 patients in whom surgical plastic repair of the biliary tract was done. Out of these, the files of 11 were reviewed; national and international related medical literature is reviewed. In all cases the lesion was related to previous surgery. The main symptoms were: jaundice, acolia, coluria and pain. Laboratory tests were of help in preoperelative diagnosis and postoperative follow up. Operative findings were section and or ligature of the hepatic duct or the common bile duct. In 6 patients and end to end anastomosis was made, in 4 cases a biliary-digestive tract anastomosis and in one case an internal fistula was closed and common bile dilatation performed. In 8 patients results were considered good, in 2 they were bad, and one case was lost. There were complications in 6 patients, these consisted in wound infections and pneumonia. Four patients were reoperated, one because of a residual common bile duct stone one because of stenosis and two because of insuficient treatment at the first operation. Patients were followed from 6 months to 15 years. The tube was left for more than 11 months in 70% of the cases. There was no immediate mortality. One patient died after 4 years of secundary biliary cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Reconstructive surgery of the extrahepatic biliary tract]. 53 36

In a 22-year followup of 3686 San Francisco longshoremen, the roles of physical activity, cigarette smoking habit, and systolic blood pressure level were evaluated independently in relation to risk of death from a broad range of diseases. Smoking pattern and blood pressure status were established in 1951 and job activity was assessed annually during the followup period. Lower levels of energy expenditure predicted increased risk of fatal heart attack and perhaps of stroke. Heavy cigarette smoking predicted increased risk of death from heart attack, cancer, chronic obstructive respiratory disease, and pneumonia. Higher levels of systolic blood pressure were associated with death from all cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cirrhosis. Tacit to these findings: sedentary living takes its toll largely through heart disease and stroke; the toxicity of cigarette smoking is associated with a broader range of diseases, including heart attack, cancer, and respiratory disease; and higher level of blood pressure related to an even broader range of cardiovascular disease than either of the other characteristics studied.
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PMID:Energy expenditure, cigarette smoking, and blood pressure level as related to death from specific diseases. 68 71

1) Cefoxitin (CFX) was administered to seven patients: two with acute pneumonia, two with acute pyelonephritis, one with pyonephrosis complicated to pyelolithotomy, one with acute cystitis and one with CONN syndrome complicated to liver cirrhosis. 2) Response to the CFX treatment was excellent in three patients, good in three, and poor in one. 3) No side effect was observed in all cases. In two patients in whom CFX and furosemide were concomitantly administered, no aggravation of the renal function was observed.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefoxitin in the field of internal medicine (author's transl)]. 69 Dec 57

Percutaneous transfemoral arterial balloon occlusion or gelatin sponge embolization of the splenic artery or both were carried out in three high-risk patients with hepatic cirrhosis to reduce splenic hyperfunction and improve severe thrombocytopenia. Although this maneuver raised peripheral platelet counts in each patient, in one patient left upper quadrant pain with splinting of the lower chest cage led to hypostatic lower lobe pneumonia, while in another septic splentitis with gas-forming organisms necessitated splecectomy. Transfemoral occlusion of the splenic artery, although an effective, noninvasive approach to control splenic hyperfunction, has at the same time potential dangers that should be viewed with extreme caution in therapeutic application.
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PMID:Ischemic therapy in thrombocytopenia from hypersplenism. 98 62

Alagille's syndrome or arteriohepatic dysplasia has been described in Cuba in nine patients between nine months and 12 years of age (8 males and one female). Among the clinical features we found five major abnormalities: chronic cholestasis with neonatal jaundice (9/9), peculiar facies (9/9), peripheral pulmonary artery hypoplasia associated with cardiac murmur (6/9), butter-fly-like arch defects (4/9), and posterior embryotoxon (6/7). Two children had a severe xanthomatosis. Laparoscopy showed green hepatomegaly depending on the degree of cholestasis, and only one patient had incipient signs of micronodular cirrhosis. Liver histology showed a paucity of interlobular bile ducts. Survival was of 60%. One patient survived more than 30 years. Four patients died of liver carcinoma (unique report in infants), broncho-pneumonia, acute renal failure, and sudden death respectively. Among the minor features were mental retardation (5/9), a peculiar voice (3/9), growth retardation observed in some of our patients. This is the first report on Alagille's syndrome in Latin America, because so far reports have come only from Europe and North America.
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PMID:[Alagille's syndrome in Cuba. A report of 9 cases]. 134 Aug 42

We sought to study the immunogenicity of Type 3 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PCP) antigen and the protective efficacy of Type 3 PCP antibodies in a rat model of cirrhosis. Cirrhosis with ascites was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by weekly gavage with CCl4. Cirrhotic and age-matched control rats were vaccinated with 25 micrograms of Type 3 PCP. Serum antibodies against Type 3 PCP were determined before vaccination and on postvaccination Days 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 42 by radioimmunoassay. Maximum concentrations occurred at 7 days in cirrhotic rats and 10 to 14 days in control rats. Geometric mean Type 3 PCP antibody levels (ng AbN/ml) were higher in cirrhotic versus control rats before vaccination (75.9 versus 33.8; p = 0.011) and on post-vaccination Day 5 (626 versus 158; p = 0.008) and Day 7 (1,755 versus 493; p = 0.002). Postvaccination antibody from immunized control and cirrhotic animals provided passive immunity to Type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mouse protection studies. Sham-immunized and PCP-immunized control and cirrhotic rats were challenged with 10(7) cfu Type 3 S. pneumoniae. Immunization was associated with a greater reduction in postchallenge mortality in control rats (91% reduced to 36%; p = 0.02) compared with cirrhotic rats (100% reduced to 83%; p = 1.0). Thus, the increased serum concentrations of functional, type-specific anticapsular antibody in vaccinated cirrhotic rats does not reverse their impaired resistance to Type 3 pneumococcal pneumonia.
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PMID:Effect of cirrhosis on the production and efficacy of pneumococcal capsular antibody in a rat model. 141 96

Splenic function was assessed in 42 patients with alcoholic liver disease by counting the percentage of erythrocytes with indentations or pits, seen by differential interference contrast microscopy. These pits represent cellular debris normally removed by the spleen. The findings were compared with 42 age and sex matched controls. Mean (SEM) pitted red cell counts in the patients was 2.7 (0.4)% and in the controls 0.7 (0.07)% (p < 0.001). In all of the eight reformed drinkers (five with biopsy proven cirrhosis), cell counts were normal. Six patients with alcoholic liver disease had had serious infections within the past year. Of these, one had had a recent pneumococcal pneumonia and another of the patients died from overwhelming pneumococcal septicaemia. Both of these patients had evidence of functional hyposplenism as judged by high pitted erythrocyte counts. A total of 18 patients were considered to have pitted red cell counts above the normal, and 11 of these had proven cirrhosis and/or gross ascites. This study is the first to show the presence of functional hyposplenism in alcoholic liver disease and provides further evidence of the predisposition that these patients have to infection. At present, it is unclear whether the hyposplenism is a direct toxic effect of alcohol or the result of cirrhosis; further studies are warranted.
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PMID:Splenic function in alcoholic liver disease. 144 65


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