Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma and 24-h urinary adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 12 normal subjects, 33 patients with six types of non-neoplastic disease (cholelithiasis, peptic ulcer, coronary heart disease, hypertension, regional ileitis, and cirrhosis), and 34 patients with five types of disseminated neoplastic disease (acute myelocytic leukemia; Hodgkin's disease; and metastatic cancer of the lung, colon, and breast). In patients with non-neoplastic disease, cyclic nucleotide values in plasma and urine did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05) from those in normal subjects. In patients with disseminated cancer, cyclic AMP values in plasma and urine likewise did not differ significantly from those in normal subjects. Plasma cyclic GMP, in contrast, was significantly elevated in all five types of cancer patients, and urinary cyclic GMP was significantly elevated (five times the normal mean) in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:Plasma and urine cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate in disseminated cancer. 22 52

From history-taking and from analysis of plasma salicylate levels it is shown that a link exists between aspirin and gastrointestinal bleeding in 68% of cases. Salicylate levels alone indicate that aspirin has been taken in 22% of cases. Plasma salicylate measurement and endoscopy allow a better understanding of haemorrhagic lesions due to aspirin. Aspirin is responsible especially for haemorrhage from ulcers and acute gastritis or duodenitis. Aspirin is seen to be dangerous in a moderate number of susceptible individuals: those with peptic ulcer constitution or cirrhosis.
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PMID:Aspirin and gastrointestional bleeding. Interest of plasma salicylate determination. 31 93

A review of literature is given concerning the incidence, pathogenesis and clinical relevance of peptic ulcer in chronic liver disease. 1. Today there is no doubt about a highly significant incidence of peptic ulcer in chronic liver diseases, especially in cirrhosis of the liver. Therefore it seems reasonable to use the term "hepatogenic ulcer". 2. Assuming a relation between chronic liver disease and peptic ulceration several theories are discussed with regard to the causality and etiology. Most investigators suppose the diseased liver as "primum movens" in peptic ulceration by means of conditioning different ulcerogenic factors. 3. The clinical finding of increased frequency of peptic ulcer in cirrhotics despite of reduced gastric acid output is no contradiction. It can be explained by relative disturbance of the balance between aggressive and protective mechanism, the latter being diminished. Although a dysfunction of gastric mucus is recently assumed, the specific pathogenetic factor is not clear up to now. 4 Nevertheless, there is no doubt about the clinical relevance of this type of ulcer, given by diagnostic and therapeutic problems and pitfalls.
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PMID:["Hepatogenic ulcer": theories and facts (author's transl)]. 34 9

The increasing importance of physiological and functional surgical procedures in the surgical therapy of benign abdominal disease is implied. Positive results were achieved at the 2nd Department of Surgery of the University of Vienna following parietal cell vagotomy in hypersecretory gastroduodenal ulcer, latero-lateral pancreatico-jejunostomy according to Puestov-Mercadier in chronic relapsing pancreatitis, distal splenorenal shunt according to Warren in portal hypertension and following peritoneo-venous shunt according to Warren in portal hypertension and following peritoneo-venous shunt according to Le Veen in ascites and cirrhosis of the liver.
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PMID:[Modern functional and physiological techniques in abdominal surgery (author's transl)]. 42 27

Urine samples from members of 29 families of patients with Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) and nine families with related disorders gave positive reactions when tested with ferric chloride. Column chromatography showed that this was due to the presence of abnormally large amounts of tryptophan metabolites, notably 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. Affected pedigrees had a significantly greater prevalence of peptic ulcer, adult cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, migraine, and Parkinsonism than a control population. ICC may result from an inborn error of tryptophan metabolism in susceptible ethnic groups.
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PMID:Indian childhood cirrhosis: an inherited disorder of tryptophan metabolism? 69 56

An analysis has been made of 235 deaths that occurred among 1905 patients with peptic ulcer who constituted a random sample of the occurrence of ulcer disease in an area of Denmark comprising half a million inhabitants. The disease itself, according to the death certificate, was considered the primary cause of death in 10% of the cases; half of these had been operated on immediately before death. The other patients died more frequently than expected from the following causes: chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, cancer of the lung, cirrhosis of the liver, and cancer of the pancreas. Although the comorbidity with chronic bronchitis and emphysema was especially pronounced in patients with gastric ulcer, the association with liver cirrhosis and cancer of the pancreas occurred only in patients with duodenal ulcer. In women the mortality rate attributable to cardiac and vascular diseases was lower than expected. No excess coincidence of suicide was found. Berkson's fallacy is considered to be of much less importance as a possible explanation of the comorbidity found in the present study than in the majority of publications concerned with this question.
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PMID:Causes of death in duodenal and gastric ulcer. 90 79

The incidence of peptic ulcer is increased in cirrhosis and is widely believed to be even greater in cirrhotic patients with portacaval anastomosis (PCA). Two prospective, controlled investigations of prophylactic PCA were evaluated to compare the frequency of peptic ulcer in two groups of cirrhotic patients with similar clinical and laboratory manifestations of cirrhosis randomly selected to be an unoperated Control Group (60 patients) or to have PCA (Shunt Group, 48 patients). In addition, nonrandomized groups of cirrhotic patients, 77 of whom were excluded from the randomized study and 44 of whom had therapeutic PCA, were studied. A diagnosis of chronic peptic ulcer was based on the demonstration of an ulcer crater by X-ray, endoscopy, surgery, or autopsy. Prior to inclusion in these studies, approximately 10% of patients had had peptic ulcer. After inclusion, during a mean follow-up period of 45 months, 12% of both the Control and Shunt Groups developed peptic ulcers. The frequency of complications of peptic ulcer, of recurrence of peptic ulcer, or of acute or symptomatic (unproved) ulcer were similar in both groups. Ulcers tended to develop later in shunted than in unshunted patients. Similar data were obtained from three of four other controlled investigations of PCA. This investigation does not find an increased occurrence of peptic ulcer after PCA. The frequency of ulcer in cirrhosis appears to increase with the duration of the disease independent of the presence or absence of PCA.
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PMID:Portacaval anastomosis and peptic ulcer: a nonassociation. 107 3

Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was found to increase more markedly in patients with liver cirrhosis than in patients with peptic ulcer and this increase was found to be influenced by blood types. After testing several amino acids and bile acids, phenylalanine and cholic acid were chosen and their inhibitory effects upon serum alkaline phosphatase activity were studied in 66 patients with various liver diseases. It was found that the combination of both agents demonstrates different patterns of inhibition between the patients with liver cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice. This inhibitory effects were also variable among cases of different blood types. Basing upon the present observation, the possible source of the elevated alkaline phosphatase activity in liver cirrhosis was discussed.
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PMID:Inhibition of serum alkaline phosphatase activity by phenylalanine and cholic acid. 115 73

In a collection of 3,571 patient's files admitted in the University Teaching Hospital and the Yaounde General Hospital, we studied 27 patients suspected of chronic pancreatitis. 20 patients with calcified chronic pancreatitis benefited from a detailed history, physical examination and a complete paraclinical work-up. From the data collected, chronic alcoholism seemed to have been the main aetiology. Industrial beer from barley alone and/or associated with other traditional liquors was most consumed. The majority of patients were heavy alcoholics and daily consumption varied from 75 to 124 g of pure alcohol. The natural history of the disease and physical examination were identical to that observed in the western countries. Associated pathology was observed in 10% of the patients. This included peptic ulcer disease, cirrhosis and bile stones. Complications included diabetics, obstructive jaundice, and malabsorption syndrome. As a conclusion, chronic pancreatitis is a pathology whose prevalence seems to be progressing constantly.
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PMID:[Chronic pancreatitis in Cameroon. Analysis of etiological and clinical aspects]. 151 63

Benign bile duct strictures remain one of the most difficult problems encountered by the hepatobiliary surgeon. The vast majority of bile duct strictures occur as a complication of cholecystectomy. The patients may present early in the postoperative period with evidence of a biliary leak or months to years later with the development of jaundice or cholangitis. The essential first step of management consists of delineation of the proximal biliary anatomy. Current management techniques include either operative biliary reconstruction or nonoperative balloon dilatation by either the percutaneous transhepatic or endoscopic routes. The best form of surgical reconstruction of the biliary tree is a biliary-enteric anastomosis from the proximal bile duct to a Roux-en-Y limb of jejunum. In these cases, we favor the use of long-term postoperative biliary stenting using Silastic stents. Recent retrospective, nonrandomized results from our institution favor this surgical technique over nonoperative dilatation. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a rare cause of biliary strictures. The etiology of sclerosing is unknown, but its association with ulcerative colitis and other diseases suggest an autoimmune condition. The diagnosis is confirmed by typical cholangiographic findings of multiple areas of stricture and dilatation. No medical management has proven to be successful. Surgical management for symptomatic patients includes resection of the hepatic bifurcation with long-term transhepatic stenting of the biliary tree for patients with primarily extrahepatic and/or hilar disease and with no evidence of cirrhosis. In patients with primarily intrahepatic strictures or advanced cirrhosis, liver transplantation is the treatment of choice. Benign strictures due to other causes, such as chronic pancreatitis, calculous biliary disease, sphincter of Oddi stenosis, duodenal Crohn's disease, peptic ulcer, or perivaterian duodenal diverticula usually can be managed by choledochoduodenostomy or choledochojejunostomy without long-term stenting. The management of other rare benign biliary strictures is dependent upon their extent and underlying etiology.
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PMID:Current management of benign bile duct strictures. 153 94


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