Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Subchronic and chronic toxicities of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were studied in both sexes of Swiss mice, Syrian golden hamsters and Sprague-Dawley rats, at dietary dosages of 0, 100 and 200 ppm (mice), and 0, 200 and 400 ppm (hamsters and rats) for 90 days. At day 91, 25/50 animals in each of 18 groups were killed for histology studies. The rest were killed at 6-week intervals until the study was ended. Marked hepatosplenomegaly, enlarged thymuses and lymph nodes, or swollen and granular-looking renal cortices with depressions or nodulary areas were commonly observed. Dose- and sex-dependent progressive changes included toxic-degenerative hepatitis, chronic cirrhosis, hepatomas, bile-duct adenomas and a few hepatocarcinomas in older animals. A generalized lymphohaematopoietic response led to thymic, splenic and nodal lymphosarcomas, especially in female mice. Toxic-tubular nephritis with cortical infarcts developed into regenerative foci and renal adenomas in low incidences. Liver lesions were more prominent in females, while renal changes were most common in male rats. HCB was retested in both sexes of rats at oral doses of 0, 75 and 150 ppm for up to 2 years. At the start, each group contained 94 rats, and four randomly selected rats were killed at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 32, 48 and 64 for microscopy. Progressive liver lesions started as hyperaemia and degenerations (4 weeks), and developed into toxic hepatitis, cirrhosis and formation of pre- and neoplastic foci (36 weeks), with hepatomas, bile-duct adenomas and hepatocellular carcinomas (64 weeks) in very high incidences in females and renal adenomas in male rats.
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PMID:Oncogenicity of hexachlorobenzene. 359 33

A proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) study was undertaken of 7,121 members and retirees of the United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters in California who died in 1960-79. The PMR for all malignant neoplasms was 1.24, with a major contribution from lung cancers (PMR = 1.41). Lung cancer PMRs were consistently elevated, through the 20-year study period, across the pipe trades and within different birth cohorts. Sixteen mesothelioma deaths occurred, suggesting asbestos as a risk factor. PMRs for malignancies of the stomach, kidney, brain, and lymphopoietic system were also elevated, especially among plumbers. Chronic rheumatic heart disease, emphysema, liver cirrhosis, and all external causes of death were the major non-cancer causes with significantly elevated PMRs. There were significant deficits in diabetes mellitus, all pneumonia, chronic nephritis, and vascular lesions of the central nervous system (CNS). PMRs for successive birth cohorts among all study subjects revealed decreasing emphysema risk, suggesting previous reduction of a risk factor for this disease. Among plumbers, PMRs for death due to several non-respiratory malignancies showed an increasing trend with recency of birth cohort.
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PMID:Patterns of mortality among plumbers and pipefitters. 374 68

Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses of the kidneys in 30 autopsy cases of liver cirrhosis of different types revealed glomerular lesions in 27 cases. Clinical nephritis was present in three cases. Characteristic diffuse mesangial proliferation with focal mesangial interposition and/or subendothelial deposits were present. Glomerular immunoglobulin deposition was observed in several cases, IgM in 23 cases, IgG in five, and IgA in 17; the latter were predominantly IgA1. Secretory component binding was found in 11 of the 17 cases with IgA deposits (65 per cent). Liver weight was related to IgA deposition (P approximately 0.05), and the volume of ascitic fluid was significantly correlated (P less than 0.05).
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PMID:Glomerular lesions associated with liver cirrhosis: an immunohistochemical and clinicopathologic analysis. 377 Jul 32

Fluoride contributes to stability of both teeth and bones and to reduction of caries, especially if ingested before eruption of teeth. Reduction of caries continues at about 60% in persons drinking fluoridated water only as long as fluoride washes over teeth. One-half the population of the US does not have access to water with an optimal fluoride concentration of about 1 mg/L. Misinformation about fluoridation contributes to reluctance of communities to supplement the natural but inadequate fluoride of those water supplies. Fluoridation of water has no positive or negative effect on incidence or mortality rates due to cancer, heart disease, intracranial lesions, nephritis, cirrhosis, mongoloid births, or from all causes together. The collective decision to increase the natural fluoride content of water supplies is not an infringement of civil rights, nor does it establish a precedent in the binding sense of the law. Supplemental fluoride in water makes it available to all members of the community in a safe, practical, economical and reliable manner. Fluoridation saves money in dental costs and time lost from work. Fluoridation is an appropriate action of government in promoting the health and welfare of society.
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PMID:Thirty years of fluoridation: a review. 391 99

Various abnormalities of the renal tract can be detected from the renal images seen on 99Tcm methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigrams. Diffusely increased renal parenchymal activity has been associated with cytotoxic and other drug therapy, radiation nephritis, iron overload and cirrhosis. A further association--with hypercalcaemia--is reported here. In a retrospective study, 1950 bone scintigrams were reviewed and a significant relationship between high renal activity and hypercalcaemia was found. This was subsequently confirmed by a small prospective study. None of the patients whose bone scintigrams showed this association had evidence of nephrocalcinosis on X rays. It is postulated that in these hypercalcaemic patients there may be high tissue calcium in the kidneys which results in the high uptake of MDP, and it is suggested that serum calcium be measured in patients with previously unsuspected hypercalcaemia whose bone scintigrams exhibit the finding of high parenchymal renal activity.
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PMID:High renal activity on bone scintigrams. A sign of hypercalcaemia? 622 81

In order to clarify the mechanism of insulin secretion, responses of insulin (IRI) and C-peptide (CPR) in plasma to various stimuli were investigated in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, chronic nephritis or insulinoma. The response of plasma IRI and CPR to oral glucose load was less marked in the mild and moderate diabetes groups than in the normal controls. Neither IRI nor CPR in the severe diabetes group responded to oral glucose. The patients with liver cirrhosis revealed an exaggerated and delayed response of IRI and CPR, and a lowered CPR/IRI ratio, indicating a remarkable response of IRI to glucose. In contrast, the patients with chronic nephritis showed a prominent rise of CPR alone. In the insulinoma patients, both plasma IRI and CPR increased after glucose load. In the response to glucose, there was approximately 30-min lag time between the peaks of IRI and CPR in the normal controls and the patients with various diseases. Following arginine infusion, plasma IRI and CPR increased in the normal subjects and the patients with moderate diabetes. In the normal subjects, plasma IRI reached a peak at 6 min and 3 min in response to tolbutamide and glucagon, respectively, which elicit an abrupt and sharp rise of insulin from B-cells. However, diabetic patients showed a minimal change in plasma IRI and CPR, whereas there was an exaggerated response of plasma IRI and CPR in insulinoma patients. In analysis of responses of plasma IRI and CPR to tolbutamide or glucagon, there was a lag time longer than 10 min in the normal subjects. The present study confirms the concurrent release of C-peptide from the B-cells in the secretion of insulin. In addition, it was suggested that insulin and C-peptide are mainly handled in the liver and the kidney, respectively. Furthermore, a longer lag time between the peaks of IRI and CPR in response to tolbutamide or glucagon did not necessarily indicate a simultaneous release of insulin and C-peptide from the B-cell, but a delayed release of the latter.
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PMID:Analysis of insulin secretion based on changes in plasma insulin and C-peptide in man. 676 99

The modern, comprehensive care of patients with hemophilia requires an awareness that complications other than those caused by acute hemorrhage can occur. The use of newer, more potent plasma concentrates has been accompanied by an increased incidence of liver disease in transfusion-requiring hemophiliacs. The progression to chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis are particularly ominous developments in these patients. There is also a high incidence of urinary tract abnormalities in hemophiliacs, though the long-term consequences of these abnormalities are unknown. Furthermore, it must be remembered that urinary tract disorders unrelated to hemorrhage, such as nephrolithiasis, tumors, and nephritis, can occur in patients with hemophilia and may be mistaken for hemorrhage. Finally, hypertension occurs more frequently in patients with hemophilia than in the general population and may in part contribute to the occurrence of bleeding within the central nervous system. Methods for evaluating and treating these various disorders are discussed. Greater awareness of these potentially treatable medical complications will improve further the quality of care in hemophilia.
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PMID:Medical complications of hemophilia. 676 70

Caseous lymphadenitis was the most frequently encountered pathological condition in 3,720 feral goats examined during routine meat inspection procedures. Among 9 separate consignments of animals, the prevalence of infection averaged 7.4% (range 0.3% to 18.8%). The majority of lesions were seen in lymph nodes draining superficial body areas although many also occurred in internal nodes and organs. Corynebacterium ovis was isolated from 25 of 32 lesions submitted for bacteriological examination. Other conditions regularly encountered included pneumonia, cysticercosis, sarcosporidiosis and lice infestation, while myonecrosis, pleurisy, pericarditis, nephritis, hepatitis, cirrhosis and mite infestation were only occasionally found. A total of 171 serum samples were collected and tested against 17 antigens. Samples from 57.9% and 51.5% of goats showed positive serological reactions to the antigens for sarcosporidiosis and Q fever respectively.
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PMID:An abattoir survey of diseases of feral goats. 680 55

Glomerular lesions associated with hepatic disease were evaluated. Among 752 consecutive patients with hepatitis and cirrhosis, nephritic urinary changes appeared in 1.0% of chronic hepatitis and 9.2% of cirrhotics, but none in patients with acute or subacute hepatitis. Kidney tissue was obtained from 141 cases, of which 59 underwent immunofluorescent studies. Except for a few with possibly coincidental glomerulonephritis, the main glomerular pathology was mesangial depositive or proliferative lesions with frequent circumferential mesangial interposition. The highest incidence (up to 69.2%) occurred in liver cirrhosis. The glomerular immunohistology was not necessarily homogeneous. In acute or subacute hepatitis, IgG or IgM, if present, was dominant. The more chronic the course the liver disease followed, the more frequently significant IgA deposition emerged, occurring in 60.5% of cirrhotics. The IgA positive cases often disclosed paramesangial dense deposits, which is one of the characteristics of primary IgA nephritis. Hepatic IgA nephritis exhibited a lower nephritogenicity and a proneness to show mesangial interposition when compared with primary or purpuric IgA nephritis. The possible origin of glomerular IgA associated with liver disease is discussed.
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PMID:Hepatic glomerulonephritis. Characteristics of hepatic IgA glomerulonephritis as the major part. 728 1

The association between deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) and glomerulonephritis has been only sporadically reported on, as opposed to the linkage between A1AT-deficiency and lung emphysema or hepatic cirrhosis. We describe the case of a 30-year-old man with A1AT deficiency who developed hepatic cirrhosis in early childhood, and IgA glomerulonephritis and hypertension in adult life. The IgA nephritis followed an unusual course. After three years of slight elevation of serum creatinine levels, the patient rapidly developed renal failure necessitating acute hemodialysis. The deterioration of the renal function was preceded by eruption of skin lesions, believed to represent a vasculitis. After six months of hemodialysis, the patient successfully received a transplanted kidney from his mother. The literature is reviewed with respect to the association between A1AT-deficiency and renal disease. We discuss possible underlying causes for the rapid deterioration of renal function in this patient.
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PMID:[Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency--not only pulmonary and hepatic involvement]. 770 89


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