Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of pentoxifylline on normal and diseased neutrophil function has been studied in vitro. In high concentrations pentoxifylline stimulated human neutrophil chemotaxis toward both bacterial oligopeptides and complement components. Pentoxifylline was also shown in vitro to restore the normal chemotactic capacity of neutrophils from patients with known functional defects, i.e. myelodysplastic syndromes, lazy leucocyte syndrome, juvenile parodontitis, hyper-IgE-syndrome and liver cirrhosis. Pentoxifylline was also shown to strongly inhibit the release of primary and secondary granule release of granulocytes. Moreover, pentoxifylline inhibits both basal and stimulated neutrophil adhesion to both aortic and pulmonary artery calf endothelium. The mechanism whereby pentoxifylline exerts this action is not adequately understood. While our results partially imply interference of pentoxifylline with neutrophil cyclic AMP and/or prostaglandin metabolism, down-regulation of neutrophil functional antigen (e.g. CD11, CD18) expression seems to play a key role in the observed drug effects. Finally, these results indicate that pentoxifylline may be useful in the treatment of granulocyte mediated diseases and symptoms.
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PMID:In vitro modulation of normal and diseased human neutrophil function by pentoxifylline. 197 92

The rate of alloimmunization to red blood cell antigens in 1502 multitransfused patients, mainly with blood disorders, was analyzed in a retrospective study. The overall incidence of alloantibodies was 5.7%. Three groups of patients were identified with different potential for antibody production. The lowest probability (1.8%) of alloimmunization was found in the group of patients with lymphoproliferative syndromes, acute myeloid leukaemia and burn disease. The highest probability (33.4%) of immune response to red blood cell antigens was found in patients with AIHA, liver cirrhosis and myelodysplastic syndrome. In the group of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia, pancytopenias, anaemias of various origin and aplastic anaemia the probability of alloimmunization ranged from 5.7% to 13.6%. A possible role of genetic-factors and immune competence status in post-transfusion alloimmunization is briefly discussed.
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PMID:Analysis of immune response to red blood cell antigens in multitransfused patients with different diseases. 207 55

Of 511 cases of brucellosis studied between December 1983 and February 1986, four (0.8%) had sternoclavicular (STCL) arthritis. Two were male and two female, and only one was younger than 50 years old. All four cases had significantly high specific IgG antibody titres (1 of 1280), measured by the indirect immunofluorescent (IIF) test, and two had Brucella melitensis isolated from their blood. In two cases, STCL arthritis was the presenting problem, and it was associated in one with ankle arthritis, hepatitis, renal impairment, orogenital ulcers and a haematological picture of myelodysplasia; in the other it was a relapsing STCL arthritis. In the remaining two cases, STCL arthritis was part of an extensive osteoarticular disease, which was associated in one with cachexia, liver cirrhosis, heart failure and prostatitis with urine retention, and in the other with severe thrombocytopenia. Excellent results were obtained from six to eight weeks' therapy with streptomycin, rifampicin and cotrimoxazole or tetracycline.
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PMID:Brucellar sternoclavicular arthritis, the forgotten complication. 325 Mar 41

To aid in the rapid differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia, the authors developed a latex agglutination test for glycocalicin, a proteolytic fragment of platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib. Plasma glycocalicin determinations were performed for 34 patients with thrombocytopenia. Plasma samples from four patients with aplastic anemia and ten patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, all with glycocalicin levels less than 0.6 mg/L by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, all had negative results by the latex test. In contrast, positive latex agglutination titers were obtained for all 12 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Eight patients with liver cirrhosis and splenomegaly had elevated levels of plasma glycocalicin, and all of their plasma samples produced agglutination. This latex agglutination test for glycocalicin allows a rapid discrimination of thrombocytopenia caused by impaired platelet production from that caused by increased platelet destruction; thus, it is suitable for use as a screening test in a routine clinical laboratory.
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PMID:Rapid detection of plasma glycocalicin by a latex agglutination test. A useful adjunct in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia. 824 98

To investigate the pathophysiological role of thrombopoietin (TPO) in thrombopoiesis, we measured its serum levels in 15 healthy individuals, 84 patients with various hematological diseases and 2 patients with liver cirrhosis using an enzyme immunoassay procedure. The TPO level was 0.84 +/- 0.40 f mol/ml in normal individuals. TPO levels were considerably elevated in patients with myelosuppression after intensification chemotherapy of acute leukemia in complete remission (postchemotherapy group; n = 18; 18.46 +/- 9.70 f mol/ml). When the data of normal individuals and the postchemotherapy group were combined, TPO levels were inversely correlated with the platelet count in this combined group. We compared these data of normal individuals and the postchemotherapy group with various hematological disease states. In aplastic anemia (n = 13; 16.03 +/- 9.44 f mol/ml), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 5; 10.36 +/- 5.57 f mol/ml), malignant lymphoma (n = 6; 2.79 +/- 2.27 f mol/ml), multiple myeloma (n = 3; 3.34 +/- 0.20 f mol/ml) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 2; 1.71 +/- 3.91 f mol/ml), the relationship of serum TPO levels and platelet counts was almost the same as in the combined group with normal individuals and the postchemotherapy group. However, the TPO levels were slightly higher in myeloproliferative disorders (n = 12; 1.99 +/- 1.47 f mol/ml) and lower in acute myelogenous leukemia (n = 8; 2.27 +/- 1.25 f mol/ml), hypoplastic leukemia (n = 3; 2.76 +/- 2.23 f mol/ml), myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 2; 0.42 +/- 0.60 f mol/ml), liver cirrhosis (n = 2; 1.50 +/- 0.92 f mol/ml) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (n = 12; 2.08 +/- 1.41 f mol/ml), when compared to the regression line for the combined group with normal individuals and postchemotherapy group. These findings suggest that TPO might play an important role in regulation of the platelet count in normal and pathological conditions.
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PMID:Serum thrombopoietin level in various hematological diseases. 888 96

Three patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and a bleeding tendency due to marked thrombocytopenia of less than 20 x 10(9)/l were admitted to our hospital for further examination. Bone marrow examination revealed megakaryocytic hypoplasia in all three patients. All patients exhibited amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura, myelodysplastic syndrome, or bone marrow hypoplasia. 111In-labeled platelet kinetic studies revealed decreased platelet production in all patients. Although serum thrombopoietin (sTPO) levels are usually within the normal level in patients with LC, the sTPO levels of our patients were about 10 times higher than the levels of normal subjects (1.22 +/- 0.37 fmol/ml): 13.34, 16.79, and 10.46 fmol/ml, respectively. These sTPO data supported our findings of decreased megakaryopoiesis. Our findings suggest that examination of sTPO levels is useful in determining the etiology of marked thrombocytopenia in LC patients.
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PMID:Liver cirrhosis with marked thrombocytopenia and highly elevated serum thrombopoietin levels. 1044 96

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is primarily produced by hepatocytes and regulates the production and differentiation of megakaryocytes and platelets in the bone marrow. The endogenous TPO level is increased when the megakaryocyte count is low, and high in aplastic anaemia and after myeloablative chemotherapy. TPO is cloned and manufactured by a recombinant technique for clinical use. Treatment with recombinant human TPO (rhTPO) after intensive chemotherapy may reduce the need for platelet transfusions. Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in combination with rhTPO has enhanced the mobilisation and harvest product of haematopoietic stem cells. Whether rhTPO is effective in the treatment of the myelodysplastic syndrome, aplastic anaemia, and other conditions with bone marrow insufficiency (including AIDS) is not yet known. In liver cirrhosis, the endogenous TPO level rapidly increases after liver transplantation. Accordingly, substitution of rhTPO may be indicated in advanced liver failure complicated by thrombocytopenia and bleeding.
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PMID:[Clinical use of recombinant human thrombopoietin. Status and perspectives]. 1136 Mar 68

We report 2 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome associated with cirrhosis caused by primary biliary cirrhosis and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. The etiology of myelodysplasia and its implication in liver transplantation is discussed.
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PMID:Myelodysplasia-like syndrome and end-stage liver disease: report of 2 cases. 1140 13

We studied the alpha-radiation risks in patients who received injections of Thorotrast, an X-ray contrast medium used in Europe, Japan, and the United States from 1930 to 1955. Thorotrast was composed of thorium dioxide (ThO2) and Th-232, a naturally occurring radionuclide. Because the physical half-life of ThO2 is 14 billion years and Thorotrast is hardly eliminated from the body, tissues in which it was deposited are irradiated by alpha-radiation for the entire lifetime of the subject. The dosimetry of Thorotrast patients is very complicated, but currently its reliability is quite high compared with other irradiated populations. The major causes of the death of Thorotrast patients are liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, leukemia, and other cancers. Three histologies of liver cancer are found: cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and angiosarcoma. Although cholangiocarcinoma is the most frequent, angiosarcoma is characteristic of alpha-radiation. Among blood neoplasms with a higher incidence of increase than the general population, erythroleukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome were remarkable. Thorotrast patients exhaled a high concentration of radon (Rn-220), a progeny of Th-232, but no excesses of lung cancer in the patients of Japan, Germany, and Denmark were reported. Mutation analyses of p53 genes and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies at 17p locus were performed to characterize the genetic changes in Thorotrast-induced liver tumors. Interestingly, LOH, supposedly corresponding to large deletions was not frequent; most mutations were transitions, also seen in tumors of the general population, suggesting that genetic changes of Thorotrast-induced cancers are mainly delayed mutations, and not the result of the direct effects of radiation.
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PMID:Alpha-particle carcinogenesis in Thorotrast patients: epidemiology, dosimetry, pathology, and molecular analysis. 1179 40

We report a case of an unusual form of cutaneous tuberculosis in an 82-year-old woman. She visited our hospital because of an intractable ulcer on the fifth finger of her right hand. While examining the ulcer surrounding half of her right fifth finger and covered with necrotic tissue, we also perceived a nodule with crust on the forearm, multiple subcutaneous nodules on the right forearm and upper arm, and a hen's-egg-sized agglomerative nodule on the axilla. All the lesions were located on her right arm. Skin biopsy specimens showed granulomatous tissue with necrosis in the lesions. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified by culture of a biopsied specimen, so the diagnosis was confirmed. Further examination revealed that she also had pulmonary tuberculosis. Cutaneous tuberculoses are classified morphologically with reference to host immune status, but no satisfactory classification exists. The present case can't be classified into any of the types which have been proposed so far. She is elderly and suffers from liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and myelodysplastic syndrome. The resulting acquired immunosuppression may have caused a unique form of cutaneous tuberculosis.
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PMID:Unusual clinical features of cutaneous tuberculosis in an immune compromised patient. 1202 88


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