Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diagnostic peritoneoscopies were performed in 226 patients with ascites. Satisfactory examination was possible in 220 patients. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed at peritoneoscopy in 82.7% of patients. Peritoneoscopic examination corrected the clinical diagnosis in 13.7%, was inconclusive in 2.6% and was incorrect in 0.8% of cases. It was 100% diagnostic in malignant peritonitis and 89.5% in patients with tuberculous peritonitis. Pseudomyxoma peritoneai and mesothelioma were suspected in one patient each at peritoneoscopy and was confirmed histologically. The utility of routine ascitic fluid examination was reviewed in all patients. The ascitic fluid was transudative in 81.9%, exudative in 8.6% and indeterminate in 9.5% of patients with cirrhosis of liver. Patients with tuberculous pertitonitis had exudative, transudative and indeterminate ascites in 71.8%, 3.2% and 25% respectively. The ascites in patients with malignant peritonitis was either exudative (80%) or indeterminate (20%). There was considerable overlap in the nature of ascites present in the three groups of patients. We therefore conclude that peritoneoscopy is the most valuable investigation in the diagnosis of ascites, particularly in exudative and indeterminate types.
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PMID:Peritoneoscopy in diagnosis of ascites. 184 61

The mortality experience of a cohort of chrysotile miners employed since 1946 in Balangero, northern Italy was updated to the end of 1987 giving a total of 427 deaths out of 27,010 man-years at risk. A substantial excess mortality for all causes (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) = 149) was found, mainly because of high rates for some alcohol related deaths (hepatic cirrhosis, accidents). For mortality from cancer, however, the number of observed deaths (82) was close to that expected (76.2). The SMR was raised for oral cancer (SMR 231 based on six deaths), cancer of the larynx (SMR 267 based on eight deaths), and pleura (SMR 667 based on two deaths), although the excess only reached statistical significance for cancer of the larynx. Rates were not increased for lung, stomach, or any other type of cancer. No consistent association was seen with duration or cumulative dust exposure (fibre-years) for oral cancer, but the greatest risks for laryngeal and pleural cancer were in the highest category of duration and degree of exposure to fibres. Although part of the excess mortality from laryngeal cancer is probably attributable to high alcohol consumption in this group of workers, the data suggest that exposure to chrysotile asbestos (or to the fibre balangeroite that accounts for 0.2-0.5% of total mass in the mine) is associated with some, however moderate, excess risk of laryngeal cancer and pleural mesothelioma. The absence of excess mortality from lung cancer in this cohort is difficult to interpret.
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PMID:An update of cancer mortality among chrysotile asbestos miners in Balangero, northern Italy. 131 Nov 97

Hyaluronic acid (HA), an unbranched high molecular weight polysaccharide can now be measured by several immunometric assays. The connective tissues are the main source of HA and it is destroyed mainly in the liver. Very high levels of HA occur in mesothelioma. Wilms' tumour and acute liver failure, and moderate increases in rheumatoid diseases, renal failure and cirrhosis. Local increased production of HA is a feature of several forms of lung disease. HA is an indicator of connective tissue turnover, of the function of the receptor mechanisms for its capture and destruction by the liver, and of the removal of low molecular weight fragments by the kidney.
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PMID:Clinical significance of the immunometric measurements of hyaluronic acid. 228 24

We examined the mortality experience of 3,479 male Dow Canada employees who were employed at Sarnia Division for at least 12 continuous months during the years 1945 through 1983, utilizing the Canadian Mortality Data Base maintained by Statistics Canada, covering 1950-1984. We analyzed cause-specific mortality using male, age and calendar-year-adjusted death rates for Canada and Ontario. Total mortality was significantly below expectation whether the entire follow-up period (240 observed vs. 366.9 expected) or a 15-year latency period (171 observed vs. 290.4 expected) was considered. Statistically significant fewer observed deaths were found for all respiratory cancer, cancer of the bronchus and lung, circulatory disease, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, digestive disease, cirrhosis and other liver disease and deaths due to accidents, poisonings and violence. The observation of three deaths due to mesothelioma, a rare cancer often associated with asbestos exposure, was a significant finding as was a statistically significant elevation of observed deaths in the category "other forms of heart disease".
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PMID:An historical prospective mortality study of the Sarnia Division of Dow Chemical Canada Inc., Sarnia, Ontario (1950-1984). 261 43

It is known that 6505 men and 411 women were employed in the mining and milling of crocidolite at Wittenoom in the Pilbara region of Western Australia between 1943 and 1966. Employment was usually brief (median duration four months) and exposure intense (median estimated cumulative exposure 6 fibres/cc years). The vital status of 73% of the men and 58% of the women employed in the industry was known at 31 December 1980, providing 95 264 person-years of follow up with 820 deaths in men and 4914 person-years with 23 deaths in women. The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) for all causes in men was 1.53 (95% confidence interval 1.43 to 1.64). Statistically significant excess death rates were observed in men for neoplasms, particularly malignant mesothelioma (32 deaths), neoplasms of the trachea, bronchus, and lung (SMR 2.64), and neoplasms of the stomach (SMR 1.90); respiratory diseases, particularly pneumoconiosis (SMR 25.5); infections, particularly tuberculosis (SMR 4.09); mental disorders particularly alcoholism (SMR 4.87); digestive diseases, particularly peptic ulceration (SMR 2.46) and cirrhosis of the liver (SMR 3.94); and injuries and poisonings, particularly non-transport accidents (SMR 2.36). The excess mortality from pneumoconiosis, malignant mesothelioma, and respiratory cancers, but not stomach neoplasms, was dependent on time since first exposure and cumulative exposure. There was no increase in mortality from laryngeal cancer (SMR 1.09) or neoplasms other than those listed. The SMR for all causes in women was 1.47 (95% confidence interval 0.98-2.21) and for neoplasms 1.99; there was one death from malignant pleural mesothelioma.
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PMID:Mortality in miners and millers of crocidolite in Western Australia. 282 59

The mortality experience of 8,146 male employees of a research, engineering, and metal fabrication facility in Tonawanda, New York state was examined from 1946 to 1981. Potential workplace exposures included welding fumes, cutting oils, asbestos, organic solvents, and environmental ionizing radiation, as the result of disposal of wastes during the Manhattan Project of World War II. External comparisons with the US male population were supplemented by regional comparisons. For the total cohort, deficits were observed for all causes of death (standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 87) and most non-cancer causes. The observed number of cancer deaths was close to expected (SMR = 99). There was an excess of connective and soft tissue cancer deaths, most notably in hourly employees hired prior to 1946. Among all hourly employees, there was an excess of respiratory cancer, which did not appear to be associated with length of employment. Mesothelioma was recorded as the cause of death for three decedents, two of whom were hourly employees who worked in production areas with high potential for asbestos exposure. The standardized mortality ratio for cirrhosis of the liver was elevated among long-term hourly employees hired prior to 1946. The roles of carbon tetrachloride exposure in the 1940s and alcohol consumption are discussed as possible contributory risk factors for the cirrhosis findings. The data do not provide evidence of radiation-induced cancers within this employee population.
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PMID:A mortality study of a research, engineering, and metal fabrication facility in western New York State. 334 58

Levels of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)in the serum and pleural effusion in malignancies (65) and benign (25) of lung were determined. There are 20 cases of adenocarcinoma, 16 undifferentiated carcinoma, 7 squamous cell carcinoma, 4 alveolar carcinoma, 12 unclassified carcinoma, 1 polymorphous adenoma, 1 mesothelioma, 1 thymoma, 1 metastatic cancer from kidney and 2 metastatic breast cancer. In the benign lesions, there are 20 tuberculosis, 2 heart failure, 1 pneumonia, 1 empyema and 1 cirrhosis. The mean of the CEA level in the serum of lung cancer group was 12.63 ng/ml as compared with that of the tuberculosis group, 3.01 ng/ml (P less than 0.01). The level of CEA in pleural fluid in the lung cancer group was 57.30 ng/ml as compared with that of tuberculosis group, 5.55 ng/ml (P less than 0.01). The content of CEA in the serum and pleural fluid in lung cancer group was remarkably different (P less than 0.01). CEA level in the serum of adenocarcinoma is the highest (mean 15.51 ng/ml). If we set 5 ng/ml as the margin of normal CEA level in serum, the positive rate for cancer would be 54.2%. It is suggested that the margin of CEA normal value be set at 10 ng/ml for the pleural fluid. Higher readings may imply cancer.
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PMID:[Carcinoembryonic antigen assay in serum and pleural effusion of pulmonary malignancies and benign lesions]. 358 9

A proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) study was undertaken of 7,121 members and retirees of the United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters in California who died in 1960-79. The PMR for all malignant neoplasms was 1.24, with a major contribution from lung cancers (PMR = 1.41). Lung cancer PMRs were consistently elevated, through the 20-year study period, across the pipe trades and within different birth cohorts. Sixteen mesothelioma deaths occurred, suggesting asbestos as a risk factor. PMRs for malignancies of the stomach, kidney, brain, and lymphopoietic system were also elevated, especially among plumbers. Chronic rheumatic heart disease, emphysema, liver cirrhosis, and all external causes of death were the major non-cancer causes with significantly elevated PMRs. There were significant deficits in diabetes mellitus, all pneumonia, chronic nephritis, and vascular lesions of the central nervous system (CNS). PMRs for successive birth cohorts among all study subjects revealed decreasing emphysema risk, suggesting previous reduction of a risk factor for this disease. Among plumbers, PMRs for death due to several non-respiratory malignancies showed an increasing trend with recency of birth cohort.
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PMID:Patterns of mortality among plumbers and pipefitters. 374 68

In 193 cases autopsied between 1945 and 1980, all persons who had been intravascularly injected with Thorotrast in life, the authors found 131 malignant hepatic tumors, 20 liver cirrhoses, 6 myeloid leukemias, 4 erythroleukemias, 5 aplastic anemias, 4 lung cancers, 1 mesothelioma and 1 osteosarcoma. The causes of death in the Thorotrast-administered autopsy group (193 cases) were compared with those of a non-Thorotrast-administered autopsy group (95,000 cases) of the same sex and age at death as recorded in the Annals of Japanese Pathological Autopsy cases from 1958 to 1978. This comparison revealed that the frequencies of malignant hepatic tumors, liver cirrhosis, erythroleukemia, and aplastic anemia were significantly higher in the Thorotrast-administered group than in the non-Thorotrast-administered group.
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PMID:Statistical analysis of Japanese Thorotrast-administered autopsy cases--1980. 657

The German Thorotrast Study includes 5159 Thorotrast patients and 5160 control patients. 887 Thorotrast patients and 660 control patients could be clinically and biophysically examined and followed-up. The mean age at injection or hospitalization in the case of the control group was 28 yr. The mean injected volume of Thorotrast was calculated to be 24.7 ml and the X-ray films of 249 Thorotrast patients showed paravascular deposits. In the meantime 432 Thorotrast patients and 122 patients of the control group have died. Among the deceased patients we have registered (Thorotrast vs control): hepatic tumors 152/0; myeloproliferative diseases 10/0; Hodgkin's diseases 2/0; non-Hodgkin's lymphomas 5/1; bronchogenic carcinomas 13/6; pleural mesothelioma 1/0; bone sarcoma 1/1(?); sarcoma at injection site 1/0; hepatic cirrhosis 90/6; bone marrow failure 8/1; other neoplastic diseases 46/19; other non-neoplastic diseases 151/88. The cumulative incidence of liver tumors depends on the dose rate to liver tissue and is not influenced by the age at injection. A dose effect relationship for the myeloproliferative diseases is not yet apparent.
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PMID:Recent results of the German Thorotrast study--epidemiological results and dose effect relationships in Thorotrast patients. 686 7


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