Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight of 36 children receiving maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had liver biopsies on the basis of clinical abnormalities and/or elevated serum enzyme levels. Six biopsies were abnormal, including one in a boy with spider naevi who showed micronudular cirrhosis; he appeared to retain methotrexate in the blood for a prolonged period and his SGOT level did not return to normal for 19 months after maintenance chemotherapy was discontinued. The five other abnormal biopsies showed minor changes in the portal tracts. The six children with abnormal liver histology showed a wide variation in their early handling of an oral methotrexate dose. There was a statistically significant rise in mean SGOT and alkaline phosphatase during treatment, but the wide scatter in values precluded their use as accurate indicators of liver damage in these children.
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PMID:Liver damage in children with acute leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma on oral maintenance chemotherapy. 693 Mar 33

ATP-thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase (TK) is a cellular enzyme involved in DNA synthesis, activated during the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. Elevated TK serum levels can be found in cancer patients due to the active proliferation of tumor cells. TK serum activity was tested by a radioenzymatic technique (Prolifigen TK REA, Sangtec Medical, Sweden) based on the conversion of 125 I deoxyuridine to 125 I deoxyuridine monophosphate. A total of 181 patients were enrolled in this study: 133 lymphomas (Hodgkin, HL and Non-Hodgkin, NHL) 48 benign diseases including acute (n = 17) and chronic inflammatory diseases (n = 13), myocardial infarction (n = 11), liver cirrhosis (n = 2), renal failures (n = 2), and diabetes (n = 3). Lymphoma patients were classified according to the Ann Arbor staging system, and 103 NHL patients were classified according to the Working Formulation histologic grade (21 low, 72 intermediate, and 10 high grade lymphomas). The patients were treated with standard chemo-radiotherapeutic protocols according to the stage and the histologic grade; the evaluation of the response to the treatments and the follow-up were performed according to the serial examinations currently used in our Institute. Given a TK cut-off of 5 U/L, the diagnostic sensitivity of TK test at lymphoma presentation was 81.8% and 75.7% in HL and NHL patients, respectively. Values exceeding 50 U/L were found only in NHL patients. The overall sensitivity of TK resulted higher than that of LDH (16.7%), copper (42.6%), IgG (23.5%), IgM (26.8%) and IgA (9.8%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Thymidine kinase (TK) activity as a prognostic parameter of survival in lymphoma patients. 766 Aug 54

The possible influence of phenobarbital and phenytoin treatment on cancer risk was investigated in a case-control study nested in a cohort of 8004 epileptic patients in Denmark. Information on anticonvulsive treatments was abstracted for 95% of 60 patients with cancers of the liver and biliary tract or malignant lymphoma and for 94% of 171 cancer-free control patients. Use of anticonvulsive drugs was correlated with angiographic procedures that used Thorotrast, a well-known human liver carcinogen. After exclusion of study subjects exposed to Thorotrast, no association was seen between treatment with phenobarbital and cancer of the liver (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-8.0) or biliary tract (odds ratio, 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-4.2). Furthermore, a histopathological evaluation of slides from 7 of 9 liver cancer patients not treated with Thorotrast revealed that 3 of the 4 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma involved cirrhosis of the liver, which suggested an etiological role for alcohol or viral hepatitis. A possible link was observed between use of phenytoin and risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1.8; 0.5-6.6), with a rising trend in risk with increasing dose. Our results suggest that the increased risk for cancers of the liver and biliary tract among Danish epileptic patients is likely to be due to Thorotrast administration and factors associated with cirrhosis of the liver rather than to anticonvulsive treatment.
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PMID:Antiepileptic treatment and risk for hepatobiliary cancer and malignant lymphoma. 781 60

In a consecutive series of 317 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 32 (10.1%) had 35 extrahepatic primary malignant neoplasms (PMNs) (3 patients had triple cancers). Twenty-five PMNs occurred before the diagnosis of HCC, 7 were synchronous and 3 metachronous. These 35 PMNs were: 6 cancers of the colon, 3 of the stomach, 1 of the rectum, 4 of the breast, 2 of the lung, 1 of the larynx, 3 of the prostate, 1 of the penis, 1 of the urinary bladder, 1 of the uterus, 2 of the skin, and the remaining 10 were immunoproliferative cancers, all of B cell origin (7 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 2 multiple myeloma, and 1 chronic lymphocytic leukemia). Thus, in this series, B-lymphocyte-derived neoplasms were the most frequent PMNs associated with HCC. These 10 patients showed no difference for age, male:female ratio, HCC cytotype, presence of cirrhosis, alcohol abuse, markers related to hepatitis B and C virus, and serum level of alpha-fetoprotein when compared with the 22 patients with HCC and other PMNs and the 285 with HCC alone. B cell neoplasms constitute half of the synchronous or metachronous cancers, and must, therefore, be kept in mind in the management of HCC patients.
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PMID:Extrahepatic primary malignant neoplasms associated with hepatocellular carcinoma: high occurrence of B cell tumors. 805 89

Thirty-nine patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with weekly alternating non-cross-resistant chemotherapy (CAMBO-VIP). We obtained a high response rate, and prolonged disease-free survival with side effects and complications of various severity were observed. Three patients were withdrawn from the study due to aggravation of liver cirrhosis, cerebral infarction, and poor tolerance. Thirty-six patients completed this 12-week intensive chemotherapy. The median treatment delay in all patients was 3 days (-4 to 29 days), and a delay of over 15 days was seen in 5 patients. The nadir of the neutrophil count was 0 to 2,100/microliters (median 140/microliters), and 15 patients were below 100/microliters. Two patients had pneumonia and 4 had herpes zoster infection. The platelet count nadir was 20,000 to 240,000/microliters (median 90,000/microliters). Ten patients were below 50,000/microliters, but none required platelet transfusion. Red cell transfusion was given in 6 patients. Elevation of transaminases was seen in 25 patients, but it was not serious except for a patient with liver cirrhosis. The elevation of serum LDH level and decrease of serum haptoglobin level seen shortly after completion of treatment seemed due to the increased blood cell destruction. Stomatitis was observed in 32 patients, 17 of whom showed more than grade 3 toxicity. Blister formation on palms and/or soles was noted in 6 patients. There was no treatment-related death observed.
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PMID:[A study of toxicities and complications observed in alternating non-cross-resistant chemotherapy (CAMBO-VIP) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. 833 48

The main goal of our study was to test dynamic CT capability to characterize focal liver lesions. We examined 57 patients: 6 were affected with focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), 19 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 1 with a regenerating nodule on cirrhosis; 14 patients had metastases, 3 focal fatty infiltration, 1 a necrotic nodule, 1 a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1 a cysto-adeno-cholangiocarcinoma and 11 hemangiomas. All lesions were identified with US and the diagnosis was confirmed with the gold standard technique--that is, biopsy or surgery, and red blood cell SPECT for hemangiomas. All lesions were studied with a CT multiphase protocol consisting of a single-level dynamic phase followed by an incremental dynamic phase and finally by a delayed phase to study prolonged and delayed enhancement. Single-level dynamic bolus CT requires an injection of 60 ml nonionic contrast agent administered with a power injector into a cubital vein, at a rate of 5 ml/s. Scanning begins 10 seconds after the injection and consists of 6 series of 2 scans each; each scan lasts 2 seconds and is obtained during the same respiratory apnea, with a 5-second interscan pause. In this phase, 12 scans 5 mm thick are obtained, lasting 24 seconds in all, with pauses lasting 25 seconds--in all, 49 seconds. The next phase is the dynamic incremental scanning, to study the whole liver: this phase requires a 50-ml contrast agent injection at a rate of 4 ml/s, followed by 70 ml at a rate of 1 ml/sec, using 5 mm slice thickness and 8 mm scan interval. This results in 16 scans, beginning 20 seconds after the injection, with a scan time of 2 seconds and 4 seconds of interscan delay, 92 seconds in all. In the last phase, scanning begins 5 minutes after the injection, with a maximum delay of 10-15 minutes. Enhancement variations in both the lesions and the surroundings parenchyma, as related to time, were collected together with morphological data. Time density curves were grouped according to histologic classification and red blood cells SPECT findings; the curves were analyzed with the regression analysis. The results were obtained by analyzing a series of equations describing the different densities of the lesion and the surrounding parenchyma at fixed time intervals, integrated with morphological data, and then comparing the groups of lesions with each other. The regression analysis of the density curves and of the morphological data allowed us to correctly differentiate the 4 most frequent types of lesions--that is, hemangioma, HCC, FNH and metastasis--in 89% of the patients.
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PMID:[Dynamic computed tomography in the characterization of focal hepatic lesions]. 861 39

We studied hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related disease in older people because the treatment rationale for younger asymptomatic patients is based on the long-term prognosis of infection. Of the HCV-antibody-positive patients seen at Freeman Hospital 1990-1994, 25 were > 65 years old; 24 were Caucasian and one was Afro-Caribbean. Median age at presentation was 67 years, and five were female. Nine were asymptomatic at presentation, six presented with varices, five with malaise, three with abdominal pain, one with pruritus and one with oedema. Risk factors identified were: transfusion (7), haemodialysis (1), health care worker (dentist) (1), and tattoos (2). There was no recognized risk factor for infection in 14, but five of these had done military service in areas of high HCV prevalence. Liver biopsy in 20 showed chronic hepatitis in two, cirrhosis in 12, and cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in six. Three additional patients also developed hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV genotyping was done in 19 and all were type 1 (1a, 4; 1b, 14; 1 untypable, 1). Eleven died, at median age 71 years (range 65-94 years), five of HCV liver-related deaths and two from HCV-associated non-hepatic disorders (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and fibrosing alveolitis).
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus infection in the elderly. 873 16

The autopsy findings of 80 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults, who died between 1982-1995, are presented with special emphasis on the risk factor of hemophilia. The study included 23 blood product recipients (hemophiliacs n = 21; non-hemophiliacs n = 2), 34 homosexuals, four intravenous drug abusers, and 19 patients with no known risk factor. Nearly all individuals (93%) showed the late stage of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Blood product recipients had a significantly lower overall frequency of opportunistic infections (p < 0.05). Homosexuality was associated with the highest overall frequency of opportunistic infections and HIV-associated malignancies, such as Kaposi's sarcoma and malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Exclusive visceral involvement of Kaposi's sarcoma was frequent, and no decrease of Kaposi's sarcoma was observed during the study period. Pneumocystis infections, atypical mycobacteriosis, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma showed a significant increase during the last five years (1991-1995) of the observation interval. Opportunistic infections and malignancies were the cause of death in approximately one-half of the patients. In blood product recipients, hepatic failure due to posthepatitic cirrhosis and hemorrhage due to hepatic failure with subsequent coagulopathy and in non-blood product recipients, bacterial bronchopneumonia, and diffuse alveolar damage were additional major causes of death. The data suggest a lower risk for HIV-infected blood product recipients, particularly hemophiliacs, to acquire opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms.
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PMID:Autopsy findings in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection with emphasis on the risk factor of hemophilia. 878 Sep 28

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may be complicated by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma through yet unknown pathogenetic mechanisms. We describe the case of a patient with HCV-related cirrhosis who developed a primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) of Burkitt's type confined to the peritoneal cavity, in the absence of immunodeficiency or autoimmunity. Paracentesis followed by immunophenotyping, karyotyping, and molecular studies allowed us to diagnose a small noncleaved B-cell lymphoma (CD20+, CD24+, CD10+, CD5-, CD23-, lambda+) with the t(8;22) (q24;q11) translocation and clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. HCV-RNA, Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus were not identified within lymphoma cells. The finding of HCV-RNA in the ascitic fluid suggests a link between HCV and development of lymphoma with HCV playing the role of persistent antigenic stimulation to intraperitoneal B-cell clonal expansion(s).
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PMID:Primary effusion Burkitt's lymphoma with t(8;22) in a patient with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. 941 5

Like other viruses (i.e Epstein'Barr virus), the role of hepatitis C virus is suspected in the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative disorders. We report one case of primary hepatic malignant lymphoma associated with chronic hepatitis C viral infection. The diagnosis was obtained by percutaneous liver biopsy showing a non-Hodgkin's diffuse large cell lymphoma and micronodular cirrhosis. Serology for hepatitis C virus positivity was known three years before lymphoma diagnosis. Staging of the lymphoma confirmed multinodular primary hepatic lymphoma with no other detectable localisation. Complete remission has been obtained with aggressive chemotherapy. The role of hepatitis C virus in the pathogenesis of the lymphoma is unknown. An indirect mechanism is suspected. Chronic inflammation may evolve from polyclonal lymphocytic proliferation to true non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as it has been suggested for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the emergence of cryoglobulinemia in hepatitis C positive patients.
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PMID:Primary hepatic lymphoma associated with chronic hepatitis C. 925 39


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