Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) was studied in patients with liver diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in normal subjects. The level of 2,3-DPG in liver diseases occurred in the following increasing order: chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. A significant negative correlation between the 2,3-DPG concentration and serum albumin concentration was found in the liver diseases. The 2,3-DPG level was correlated to the serum concentration of total bile acids and to the arterial blood pH. A negative correlation was found between the arterial blood pH and the serum albumin concentration. The level of 2,3-DPG in hepatocellular carcinoma and/or liver cirrhosis was higher than that in more hypoxic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. And an increased level of 2,3-DPG was also shown in nonhypoxic patients with liver diseases. These results suggest that the level of erythrocyte 2,3-DPG increases according to the severity of the liver disease, and compared to the level in hypoxic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the level of erythrocyte 2,3-DPG is higher in both hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in liver diseases. 282 16

Theophylline plasma levels and FEV1 were measured in patients affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a concomitant disease state (congestive heart failure, chronic cor pulmonale, obesity, peptic disease, hepatic cirrhosis, chronic renal failure) and treated with a sustained release theophylline preparation. Our results indicate that, only in patients affected by congestive heart failure and chronic cor pulmonale, is there a decreased plasma clearance of the drug. Low levels of plasma theophylline were measured in obese patients probably because they received an inadequate posology.
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PMID:Effect of various disease states on theophylline plasma levels and on pulmonary function in patients with chronic airway obstruction treated with a sustained release theophylline preparation. 330 82

alpha 1-Antitrypsin is a serum protein protease inhibitor. The homozygous deficiency state for alpha 1-antitrypsin is associated with the development of chronic obstructive lung disease and liver cirrhosis. Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic defect in which the nonhepatic tissues of affected persons are partially or completely deficient in cellular receptors for low-density lipoproteins, the major plasma cholesterol transport protein. Homozygotes and heterozygotes for familial hypercholesterolemia experience premature coronary artery disease. We have identified a young patient who manifested heterozygous deficiencies for both of these gene products. The occurrence of these defects in tandem has not been previously reported.
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PMID:Heterozygous defects in alpha 1-antitrypsin and low-density lipoprotein receptor. Simultaneous occurrence in a pediatric patient. 625 88

Cystic fibrosis is the most common fatal inherited disease of Caucasians. At present, cystic fibrosis accounts for most cases of chronic progressive pulmonary disease and for many other clinical features in the first three decades of life. Thus, it is a challenge to both pediatricians and internists, particularly chest physicians. The diagnosis is based on the triad of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pancreatic insufficiency, and increased levels of electrolytes in the sweat. The cardinal test for confirmation of the diagnosis is the "sweat test," which is an excellent discriminant for cystic fibrosis, even in adults. Ancillary features of cystic fibrosis may be of diagnostic assistance (eg, nasal polyposis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum, azoospermia, and others). Treatment of the pulmonary disease must be emphasized. Choice of antibiotics should be based on the results of sputum culture, but P aeruginosa is the most common pathogen. Removal of secretions by regular postural drainage and percussion is an integral part of the program. Pneumothorax, massive hemoptysis, cor pulmonale, and other complications may be encountered. Sinusitis is almost universal, and nasal polyposis is frequently present. Pancreatic insufficiency occurs in over 80 percent of the patients with cystic fibrosis and may result in intestinal malabsorption. Massive salt loss through the sweat in hot weather, a distinctive type of biliary cirrhosis without jaundice, gallbladder abnormalities, cholelithiasis, and diabetes mellitus also may be found. Of special importance are intestinal obstructive complications (meconium ileus in newborn infants with cystic fibrosis and intestinal obstruction due to fecal accumulation or intussusception in adults). Azoospermia is present in 95 percent of men and there is reduced fertility in women; however, pregnancy does occur in cystic fibrosis. This chronic and ultimately fatal disease produces a predictable set of psychosocial complications.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of cystic fibrosis. An update. 637 70

Patients with cirrhosis have an increased risk of dying from pneumococcal pneumonia. Their immunological response to pneumococcal vaccination is not known. We compared the antibody response to challenge with a 14-valent purified pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in 15 patients with biopsy-proven alcoholic liver cirrhosis, 10 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Preimmunization levels for Danish type 1 pneumococcal polysaccharide were lower among cirrhotics than patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Four and 12 weeks after immunization, no significant differences were found in antibody concentrations between the three groups. We conclude that patients with alcoholic cirrhosis can produce an adequate antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide antigen.
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PMID:Pneumococcal vaccination: the response of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. 647 58

Eighteen cases of adult listeriosis (nine with meningitis, one brain abscess and eight bacteraemia) were diagnosed in the Chaim Sheba Medical Center in the years 1964-1982. The infection seemed to be opportunistic in all. Eleven patients had malignant disease, two had cirrhosis of the liver, one had ulcerative colitis, one had bronchial asthma with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, one had pemphigus, one had diabetes mellitus and one had a renal transplantation. Twelve patients (66%) received radiation therapy and/or cytotoxic and steroid medication. Diabetes mellitus as an additional underlying disease was strikingly frequent and was found in eight out of 18 patients (44%), in one as the only underlying disease. In the meningitis group cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures were positive in five patients, and negative in four who had, however, positive blood cultures. The cells in the CSF were predominantly lymphocytes in five and polymorphs in four. It may be concluded that diabetes mellitus is an important underlying disease in listeriosis. The results also reinforce the fact that lymphocytosis in the CSF does not exclude bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:Adult listeriosis--a review of 18 cases. 672 49

In a prospective study of more than 10000 Yugoslav men it was found that consumption of alcoholic beverages was inversely related to non-sudden death from coronary heart disease (CHD) and positively related to death from trauma. The consequence was an apparently U-shaped relation between alcohol consumption and death, the lowest mortality being among moderate drinkers. Excess mortality from trauma was evident only among men under 55 and only for those who reported at entry to the study that they had been drunk during the preceding week. Alcohol consumption as reported at entry was unrelated to subsequent mortality from liver cirrhosis or any form of cancer. An enlarged liver, however, was associated with higher death rates for liver cirrhosis. This raises the possibility that some of the men were heavy drinkers preceding their entry to the study but were no longer drinking heavily at the time of entry. Enlarged liver, however, was also related to hypertension and to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and thus was not a specific indicator of alcohol abuse in this population. Recent drunkenness but not frequency of drinking was related to death from trauma and liver cirrhosis and to sudden CHD death. In short, both the pattern of drinking and the usual level of alcohol consumption appear to be related to mortality in this population.
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PMID:Drinking habits and death. The Yugoslavia cardiovascular disease study. 687 7

Percutaneous needle biopsy specimens of the liver from three elderly persons (aged 77, 71, and 66) demonstrated eosinophilic intracytoplasmic globules within hepatocytes, particularly in the periportal and periseptal areas. These globules were periodic acid-Schiff positive and diastase resistant, and were identified as alpha-1-antitrypsin by immunofluorescence technics. Two of the patients had cirrhosis, and identification of protease inhibitor (Pi) type by acid starch electrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated SZ and MZ genotypes. The patient with SZ genotype also had a long history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pi-typing was not performed for the third patient, who did not have cirrhosis. The morphologic identification of alpha-1-antitrypsin disease in liver biopsies of persons of any age is important because of (1) possible multisystem involvement (hepatic and pulmonary), (2) increased frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma, and (3) implications for genetic counseling for other family members.
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PMID:Alpha-1-antitrypsin globules in hepatocytes of elderly persons with liver disease. 701 69

In a prospective study (from April, 1980 to April, 1981) of 110 patients with moderately severe to severe pneumonia 11 were found to have 12 manifestations of Legionnaires' disease. Diagnosis was proven by indirect immunofluorescence tests, either a quadruple titre rise to 1 : 128 or a single titre of at least 1 : 256. The clinical picture in all 11 patients was the typical one of severe pneumonia, usually involving the lower lobes, high fever between 39 and 40.4 degrees C, as well as WBC counts between 6.8 and 28.9 X 10(9)/l. In nine cases artificial ventilation was required, in four there was acute renal failure requiring dialysis, in four other definite renal insufficiency. All patients had underlying disease, in some severe, such as chronic obstructive lung disease, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, liver cirrhosis, renal transplantation or extensive operations. Eight patients died, four of them of Legionnaires; disease. The relatively high infection rate (10%) indicates that in patients with risk factors, as well as those with a pneumonia unresponsive to the standard treatment within five to seven days, Legionnaires' disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:[Legionnaires' disease: prospective study of its incidence, clinical features and prognosis. (author's transl)]. 706 Apr 96

Caring for the problem drinker in the perioperative period is a challenging task. If alcohol abuse is suspected, a careful assessment is indicated before surgery is performed. Both the CAGE and SMAST questionnaires are good screening tools for alcoholism. Preoperative evaluation of alcohol-dependent patients should include a complete blood count, blood urea nitrogen, serum electrolyte levels, creatinine and glucose levels, liver function tests, coagulation studies, an electrocardiogram and a chest radiograph. Smoking cessation and aggressive postoperative respiratory care are especially important for alcoholic patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Elective surgery should not be considered in patients with acute hepatitis or cirrhosis, since the operative mortality rate is quite high in these patients. Alcohol withdrawal is managed primarily with benzodiazepines, although clonidine and beta blockers may also be beneficial.
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PMID:Perioperative management of the alcohol-dependent patient. 748 20


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