Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urinary hydroxyproline excretion was measured in 33 patients regularly drinking over 80 gm. alcohol daily. Those with changes of cirrhosis on liver biopsy excreted significantly more hydroxyproline than those with normal appearances, fatty change or hepatofibrosis. In 16 patients, the excretion was measured both when they were drinking and when abstaining from alcohol, in the form of several beverages. The rate of excretion was significantly higher after alcohol has been withdrawn. This result raises the possibility that alcoholic beverages may inhibit collagen degradation. If substantiated, it further suggests that the effect of alcohol on collagen metabolism may be of importance in the pathogenesis of alcoholic cirrhosis.
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PMID:Effect of alcohol on total urinary hydroxyproline excretion. 118 26

The occurrence of hematologic changes has been studied in 256 patients with various liver diseases. Macrocytosis on smears and by MCV was found in 50% of acute and in over 70% of chronic liver diseases. MCV increased from 98 +/- 8 mu3 (acute hepatitis) up to 108 +/- 12 mu3 in alcoholic cirrhosis. Anemia, which occurred rarely in hepatitis but in 67% of cirrhosis, was always macrocytic, not correlating with reticulocyte counts. Target cells were found in 20% of acute hepatitis and 41% of cirrhosis. In patients with chronic liver disease target cells were associated with macrocytosis and increased bilirubin. Thrombocytopenia was found in 11% of acute, in 53% of chronic inflammatory and in over 60% of cirrhotic liver disease.
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PMID:[Changes in the blood picture in liver diseases]. 120 27

Among the several methods employed for the detection of hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) and hepatitis B antibody (HBAb), radioimmunoassay is considered to be the most sensitive and specific. This paper describes a radioimmunoprecipitation test (RIP) for HBAg and HBAb standardized in our laboratory; it consists of a double-antibody precipitation test in a micro-titer system employing 125I-labeled HBAg. The test is compared with double immunodiffusion (ID) and with counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CEP) in the detection of HBAg and HBAb in healthy persons and in patients with acute and chronic liver disease. RIP is 20,000 times more sensitive than ID and 2,500 times than CEP when HBAg is tested, and 40,000 times more sensitive than ID and 10,000 times than CEP for the antibody detection. Moreover the method is reproducible and specific for HBAg and HBAb. With this test the frequency of HBAg in healthy persons was 0% in subjects without any known contact with antigenic material, 0.80% in hospital personnel and 1.17% in high risk personnel (laboratory technicians, blood products workers, ecc.). In acute viral hepatitis the frequency of HBAg was 90% at the admittance to the hospital and 70% at the dimission, while CEP detected a frequency of 85% and 20% respectively. In chronic liver disease the frequency of HBAg with the RIP method was 83.3% in chronic persistent hepatitis, 42.8% in chronic aggressive hepatitis, 23% in cryptogenic cirrhosis and 16.6% in alcoholic cirrhosis. The frequency of HBAb detected with RIP was 4.50% in subjects without any known contact with antigenic material, 6.45% in hospital personnel, 0.41% in high risk personnel, 20% in acute viral hepatitis at the admittance to the hospital and 50% at the discharge, 25% in chronic persistent hepatitis, 14.2% in chronic aggressive hepatitis, 15.3% in cryptogenic cirrhosis and 50% in alcoholic cirrhosis. The high frequency of antibody in healthy persons with no history of hepatitis or parenteral exposure to blood transfusion suggests a widespread diffusion of hepatitis B infection and the possibility of a nonparenteral route transmission. The frequency of HBAg and HBAb in chronic liver disease as detected by a very sensitive method rises the question of a possible role of hepatitis B virus in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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PMID:[Frequency of antigen associated to hepatitis due to virus B (HBAg) and of antibody (HBAc) in healthy subjects and during of course of acute and chronic hepatitis. Radioimmunologic study]. 122 46

Classification of patients with cirrhosis serves the clinical purpose of selecting patients for adequate therapy. A material of 441 patients from a randomized clinical trial of prednisone treatment were classified according to different criteria, and the effect of this therapy was assessed by comparing the survival curves of controls and treated patients in the groups. Six classifications based on single criteria were studied, viz. females vs. males, alcoholics vs. non-alcoholics, compensated vs. decompensated cases, active vs. inactive cases, manifest vs. latent cases, and non-primary biliary vs. primary biliary cirrhosis. The latter group was too small for further analysis. Furthermore, the material was classified by numerical taxonomy, based on 56 clinical symptoms and signs and histological and serological changes. The taxonomical classification showed interdependence with all the clinical classifications, except that of primary biliary cirrhosis. Three clinical classifications, viz. those based on sex, alcoholism, and compensation, and one taxonomic class showed a significant therapeutic relevance. Combination of these criteria revealed that female patients with compensated non-alcoholic cirrhosis, previously demonstrated to benefit from prednisone treatment, showed a markedly greater prednisone effect if they belonged to the taxonomic group than if they did not. According to clinical, histologic, and laboratory data, the latter group was characterized as less severe cases than the former one. Whereas this discrepancy between clinical severity and therapeutic effect cannot be fully explained, the data do suggest that clinical criteria may not be ideal for selection of patients with cirrhosis for steroid therapy, and that numerical taxonomy may provide clues for more clinically significant classifications.
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PMID:The clinical significance of classifications of cirrhosis. A comparison between conventional criteria and numerical taxonomy. 125 Nov 31

Whole body potassium measurements were performed on 55 cirrhotic patients in different stages of the disease. They included 34 with alcoholic cirrhosis, 10 with cryptogenic cirrhosis, eight with chronic active hepatitis, and three with haemochromatosis. Serial measurements were carried out in 21 patients. The findings of this study indicate that: (1) the aetiology of the cirrhosis is important in determining the potassium status of cirrhotics, most alcoholics being depleted; (2) ascites and decompensation are usually associated with potassium depletion but compensated cirrhotics may also be depleted even when not receiving diuretics; (3) the initial potassium status, whether a cirrhotic be decompensated or not, is difficult to alter in the short term (six months). Marked changes in potassium status can occur in alcoholic patients studied over longer periods.
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PMID:Potassium status of patients with cirrhosis. 126 87

A total of 42 biopsy specimens of the liver (blind and spot) in 32 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver were investigated. Morphological, portal, postnecrotic, and mixed types of cirrhosis were established. The portal type of cirrhosis is most common. On the basis of repeated analyses of biopsy materials of the liver it may be assumed that the development of cirrhosis of the liver of alcoholic etiology is connected with multiple attacks of acute alcoholic hepatitis. Abstention from alcohol consumption resulted in stifestations of exacerbation of cirrhosis. On the other hand, continuation of alcohol consumption contributed to progressing of cirrhosis, which following several attacks of alcoholic hepatitis, may change its morphological type: portal cirrhosis "transforms" into the postnecrotic or mixed type. The data obtained clarified the role of ethanol in progressing alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, which according to the initial mecranisms of its development in postnecrotic, since every attack of acute alcoholic hepatitis is accompanied by coagulative (fields of alcoholic hyaline, or Mallory's bodies), or by colliquative (balloon dystrophy) necrosis of hepacytes.
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PMID:[The morphology and morphogenesis of alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver]. 127 77

The relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was investigated. Antibody to hepatitis C virus was detected in 88.8% and 87.0% of 240 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis, respectively. A history of blood transfusion was shown in only 21.8% (21/96) of the HCV antibody positive HCC patients. Of 196 patients with chronic hepatitis type C and the HCV antibody positive liver cirrhosis, 10 developed HCC during the follow-up period of two years. A high prevalence of HCV antibody was also shown among 83 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and HCC associated with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. HCV-RNA was detected in all patients with alcoholic HCC. These data support a causal association between hepatitis C virus and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:[Clinical study on relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C virus infection in patients with chronic liver disease]. 127 47

In the last four years, 551 liver transplantations have been performed at the Paul Brousse center, for a total of 840 liver transplantations performed from 1984 to 1992. Several changes have been observed in the field of liver transplantation in the past years. The field of immunosuppression was marked mainly by the advent of FK506 as a preventive treatment of rejection and as a treatment of cortico-resistant rejection. Results are still under analysis. From the surgical viewpoint, the main modification was the advent of UW solution, which extends cold ischemic time. However, our policy was to maintain the cold ischemic time at less than 12 hours. Primary indications for liver transplantations have changed with an increase in the rate of patients transplanted for cirrhosis related to hepatitis virus infection: from 24% in the period 1984-1988 to 42% in the period 1989-1992. The difference was due mainly to HCV-related cirrhosis, which increased from 8% to 20%. Alcoholic cirrhosis was a rare indication in the period 1989-1992 (3.4%); however, it was an increasing indication in the last 2 years. In order to improve the long-term results, major attention was given to the recurrence of initial liver disease. In patients transplanted for HBsAg-positive liver disease, long-term passive anti-HBs immunoprophylaxis was administered, which reduced the rate of HBV recurrence in patients without HBV replication before transplantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The Paul Brousse liver transplant series 1989 to 1992: new trends in the last four years. 133 27

Type 1 collagen is the predominant collagen in cirrhotic livers. Each type 1 collagen molecule contains three subunits, two are identical (the alpha 1 chains) and the sequence of the third (alpha 2) is very similar. They are encoded at the non-synthenic loci, COL1A1 and COL1A2 and restriction site dimorphisms have been described at each locus. Genetic factors have been invoked as a basis for increased susceptibility to alcoholic cirrhosis. One hypothesis is that genetically determined differences in type 1 collagen may be involved in this predisposition. We have examined this by analysing restriction fragment length polymorphisms at each type 1 collagen locus in leucocyte DNA from 56 unrelated patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and 74 local unrelated healthy controls. Based on the presence or absence of these restriction site dimorphisms four possible haplotypes were generated at COL1A1 and COL1A2. We found no significant difference in allele frequencies between alcoholic cirrhotics and controls and, unlike a previous small study, we found no particular haplotype of either gene was associated with alcoholic cirrhosis. Our study provides no evidence for involvement of type 1 collagen structural genes in a genetic predisposition to cirrhosis in alcoholics.
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PMID:No evidence for involvement of type 1 collagen structural genes in 'genetic predisposition' to alcoholic cirrhosis. 136 77

To assess the role of the hepatitis C virus in patients with unexplained chronic liver disease, we tested for the presence of anti-hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) in the stored serum of patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis and a variety of other chronic liver diseases. The anti-HCV assay was performed by both the enzyme-linked and recombinant immunoblot methods in 16 patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis. Eight of these 16 patients (50%) were seropositive. Six of these eight patients were born outside of the United States, compared with only one of eight seronegative patients (p = 0.021). Of the anti-HCV-positive cryptogenic cirrhotic patients, 50% also had markers of previous hepatitis B infection, compared with only 12.5% of seronegative patients. Evidence of anti-HCV positivity was found in 10%, 19%, 0%, and 0% in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis, respectively. We conclude that in a suburban American population, hepatitis C accounts for a significant percentage of patients with presumed cryptogenic cirrhosis. Unrecognized risk factors may account for a higher prevalence of HCV in foreign-born patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis. A low prevalence of anti-HCV positivity is found in other forms of chronic liver disease.
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PMID:Prevalence of anti-HCV in cryptogenic cirrhosis in a suburban Detroit community. 137 12


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