Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oestrogen stimulation of plasma renin substrate (PRS) was studied in men with alcoholic cirrhosis. PRS values, before and 1, 2, 4 and 6 days after a single oral administration of 100 microgram of an oestrogen derivative, 11beta-methoxy-17-ethynyl-1,3,5(10)-estratriene-3,17beta-diol (Moxestrol), were measured by radioimmunoassay of generated angiotensin I in five men with normal liver function and five men with alcoholic cirrhosis. Basal PRS was 0.93 +/- 0.22 nmol/ml (mean +/- 1 SD) in the normal men and significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in the men with cirrhosis (0.33 +/- 0.14 nmol/ml). Two days after administration of Moxestrol, PRS rose significantly but transiently (P less than 0.05) to 1.41 +/- 0.42 nmol/ml in the normal men and to 0.47 +/- 0.15 in the cirrhotic men, the relative increase (approximately 50%) being similar in both groups. A study of the plasma kinetics and urinary excretion of Moxestrol was also performed to evaluate its metabolic clearance rate and absorption. Since the intestinal absorption of [14C] Moxestrol was not depressed in cirrhotic men, the low PRS values recorded are probably the consequence of hepatocyte dysfunction.
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PMID:Plasma renin substrate sensitivity to oestrogens and oestrogen metabolism in cirrhosis. 10 Mar 29

Because the liver is of considerable importance in metabolism of thyroid hormones, plasma levels of thyroxine (T4), triiodotyronine (T3) with their unbound fractions (FT4 and FT3), reverse T3 (rT3)--an inactive isomer of T3-tyrotropin (TSH) and TSH response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH; 250 micrograms i.V.) were determined by radioimmunoassays in 50 clinically euthyroid patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. T4 mean concentration (7.3 micrograms/dl) did not differ from normal values but T3 was decreased (101 vs 154 ng/dl; p less than 0.001) and was correlated with the degree of liver damage appreciated by a clinico-biological index. FT4 was elevated in patients (17.1 vs 13.1 pg/ml; p less than 0.02) although FT3 was slightly decreased (3.4 vs 4.5 pg/ml; p less than 0.10) with an increased FT4: FT3 ratio (7.0 vs 3.0; p less than 0.02). rT3 was elevated (592 vs 206 ng/100 ml; p less than 0.001) and correlated with FT4/FT3: rT3/T3 ratio (p less than 0.01) and with the severity of the cirrhosis. Basal TSH levels (3.3 microU/ml) and TSH responsiveness to TRH was normal though very scattered, and independant from T3 and T4 values. It may be concluded that: 1. euthyroidy in cirrhosis assessed by a normal responsiveness to TRH, results from a compensatory increase in FT4. 2. The low T3 and FT3 levels may proceed from an impairment of peripheral T4 in to T3 conversion with a deviation pathway towards rT3. 3. T3 and rT3 levels provide valuable index of the severity of the cirrhosis.
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PMID:Thyroid status in fifty patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. 11 93

Diurnal variations of plasma testosterone and urinary excretion rates of testosterone-, androsterone-, aetiocholanolone-, and DHA-glucuronide, as well as DHA-sulphate were measured before and after selective Leydig-cell stimulation (with 3 X 5000 IU human gonadotrophin) in eight patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, ten with acute hepatitis and four with haemochromatosis. The circadian variation of plasma testosterone and the maximal testosterone concentration after human gonadotrophin stimulation were decreased in patients with cirrhosis and haemochromatosis, while in those with acute hepatitis the diurnal variations were evened out, whereas individual values were within the normal range. Urinary excretion of free testosterone and testosterone glucuronide was significantly reduced in those with cirrhosis and haemochromatosis before and after stimulation. The urinary pattern of C19 steroid metabolites was markedly changed in favour of the 5 alpha-steroids in acute heaptitis, cirrhosis, and haemochromatosis.
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PMID:[Androgen metabolism and Leydig-cell function in acute and chronic liver disease (author's transl)]. 12 98

The age-standardized incidence rate of primary liver cancer (PLC) in Geneva was 9.7 per 100,000 in males, a figure four or five times higher than incidence rates reported elsewhere in Europe . These PLC's were often associated with cirrhosis and alcoholism. This indicated that the toll of PLC related to alcoholism and to alcoholic cirrhosis may be greater than anticipated.
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PMID:Unexpected high incidence of primary liver cancer in Geneva, Switzerland. 16 25

The authors explored humoral and cellular immunity in 50 cases of alcoholic cirrhosis. The levels of the three serum immunoglobulins were greater than normal. IgM was significantly higher. The levels of antipolio antibodies (types I, II and III) were significantly higher in cirrhosis than in controls. The antistreptolysin and antistaphylolysin titers showed that the differences between levels found in cirrhosis and in controls were not significant. After taking the Sabin polio vaccine, variations in antipolio antibodies remained within normal limits, considering the high levels noted before taking the vaccine. Total serum complement was normal in 90% of the estimtions carried out. The results of the intradermal reactions were dissociated. Tuberculin skin tests were negative in 35% of cases of cirrhosis and in 14.3% of controls. In skin tests for candida and streptococcal antigen, differences between cirrhotics and controls were not significant. The absolute figure for blood lymphocytes per mm-3 was, in half the cases, less than normal.
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PMID:[Immunologic changes and infections in alcoholic cirrhosis]. 16 91

The authors report here a case of antral hemorrhagic gastritis without ulceration nor erosion, but with intravascular coagulation within the chorionic layer, which had a prolonged course in a patient with non-alcoholic cirrhosis, and which continued in spite of surgical cure of portal hypertension. The authors discuss various theories which might explain this hemorrhage and the development of localised intravascular coagulation, together with its relationship with the cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Hemorrhagic gastritis caused by localised intravascular coagulation during the course of cryptogenic inflammatory cirrhosis]. 17 74

Although there have been isolated reports of an acquired abnormal fibrinogen in patients with liver disease, its frequency and clinical significance is not known. In this study 121 consecutive patients with a wide spectrum of hepatic disorders were screened for abnormal fibrin polymerization. A simple colorimetric method using Reptilase was employed. Of 32 patients with proven cirrhosis, 16 (50%) showed abnormal fibrin polymerization. The incidence in decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis was particularly high. The abnormality was also detected in all patients with acute liver failure and seven of 15 with chronic active liver disease. Clinical improvement often correlated with its disappearance. Two patients with primary liver cell tumours demonstrated the abnormal polymerization. In patients with bleeding oesophageal varices the detection of abnormal fibrin polymerization was associated with a poor prognosis. None of the patients with surgical obstructive jaundice (26) or miscellaneous liver disorders (37) had abnormal fibrin polymerization. The occurrence of abnormal fibrin polymerization in liver disease is more frequent than previously suspected and usually signifies severe primary hepatocellular dysfunction. Evidence is presented to support the presence of a primary abnormality of fibrinogen as the cause of impaired fibrin monomer polymerization.
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PMID:Abnormal fibrin polymerization in liver disease. 18 92

Serum rubella, measles and cytomegalovirus antibodies were measured in patients with various forms of chronic liver disease and compared with those in age-matched controls. In CAH all three antibodies were found in significantly greater titre than in controls,and in cryptogenic cirrhosis titres to rubella were significantly increased. In alcoholic cirrhosis none was increased. There was no correlation between antibody titres and either the presence of portal-systemic shunts or the use of steroids. In patients with CAH measles titres were significantly related to the presence of ANF and SMA.
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PMID:Viral antibodies and chronic liver disease. 18 61

Three comparable groups were studied : 100 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 100 alcoholics without cirrhosis, and 100 subjects without either alcoholism or cirrhosis. Dupuytren's contracture was noted in 43% of cases in group I, 34% in group 2, and in 14% of group 3. There was no parallel between the frequency of Dupuytren's contracture and the severity of the liver involvement. Palmar erythema was noted in 34% of cases of group 1, 23% of cases of group 2, 12% of cases of group 3. Dupuytren's contracture has a genetic background, but its clinical expression is facilitated by metabolic causes, the most frequent being chronic alcoholism. Palmar erythema appears to be a sign of severe liver disease.
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PMID:[Dupuytren's contracture and palmar erythema in alcoholic cirrhosis]. 19 Jun 84

The chief causes of liver disease in Ethiopia are reviewed, considering hospital data on admissions for hepatitis, cirrhosis, ascites and hepatoma. Liver diseases account for 11.4% of all medical admissions in 3 medical wards in Addis Ababa. The causes are viral hepatitis, post- hepatic and post necrotic and mixed cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alcoholic cirrhosis is rare. Viral hepatitis with shivering, rigor and fever and elevated direct bilirubin levels are common in Ethiopians, especially in child-bearing women. The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is often associated with hepatitis. The disease may be transmitted by several species of mosquitoes, placental transmission, or feces, urine, saliva or semen. Blood products are not screened for hepatitis B. Cirrhosis is common, and causes significant mortality, usually from esophageal varices and hepatic coma. Chronic active hepatitis patients may live for a time, especially if they are near a hospital and are treated with steroids. In Ethiopia presenting symptoms for hepatoma are anorexia, weight loss, persistent, burning, right upper quadrant pain, and a hard, nodular, tender RUQ mass. Over 5% of malignancies seen are primary hepatocellular carcinomas. 50% have HBsAG, compared to 3.8% of controls. 65% have alpha-fetoglobulins. It is suggested that some viral hepatitis cases progress to cirrhosis, of which some go on to hepatocellular carcinoma. Herbal medicines, aflatoxins and other toxins may also contribute to liver disease.
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PMID:Current views on liver diseases in Ethiopia. 20 62


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