Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Utilizing an acid gel chromatography and insulin radioreceptor assay (RRA), serum levels of receptor assayable insulin-like activities were measured under various conditions. Acid gel filtration of sera on a Sephadex G-50 was adopted to separate small molecular ILAs from binding proteins before the assay by RRA. By employing 125I-pork insulin as the tracer, and pork insulin as the standard, an RRA for insulin was developed, in which kidneys of sacrificed pregnant guinea pigs were used as the source of the solubilized receptor. After gel-filtration of the sera, pooled fractions, which grossly corresponded to those of 125I-insulin marker, were assayed by RRA. The subjects consisted of fifty-nine cases: normal control subjects (n = 19), active acromegaly (6), Sheehan's syndrome (5), liver cirrhosis (7), chronic renal failure (10), non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (6), overt hyperthyroidism (5) and Nelson's syndrome (1). The average receptor assayable ILA of the normal control subjects was 40.2 +/- 12.2 ng/ml. As insulin RRA has a big interassay variation, receptor assayable ILA-ratio was used to minimize the variation, and each data was shown as the ratio to the average ILA of the normal controls. By this method, sera from normal adults had a mean (+/- SD) receptor assayable ILA ratio of 1.00 +/- 0.28. Four out of six cases of acromegaly revealed significantly high concentrations, and the average receptor assayable ILA-ratio of acromegaly was 1.30 +/- 0.28 (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.015). In the cases of Sheehan's syndrome, the ILA-ratio was 0.30 +/- 0.12, which was significantly low (p less than 0.001). Therefore, GH dependency was suspected from these two factors. However, the direct correlation was not indicated between GH and receptor assayable ILA. It was also considered that receptor assayable ILA was influenced not only by GH but also by some other factors. Furthermore, the subjects with liver cirrhosis indicated the low levels of receptor assayable ILA-ratio of 0.46 +/- 0.31, while the subjects with chronic renal failure showed the high ILA-ratio of 1.59 +/- 0.45 (p less than 0.05). No differences in ILA-ratio were found in the subjects with diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism and Nelson's syndrome, compared to the normal subjects.
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PMID:[Serum levels of receptor assayable insulin-like activity in various diseases]. 636 8

Proinsulin, insulin and C-peptide levels were investigated in chronic renal, hepatic and muscular disorders. The proinsulin levels in human plasma were determined by radioimmunoassay using insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). The fasting levels of proinsulin in 29 patients with chronic renal failure (0.95 +/- 0.05) were significantly higher than those in 10 patients with liver cirrhosis (0.46 +/- 0.04), six with muscular dystrophy (0.37 +/- 0.02) and 52 normal subjects (0.24 +/- 0.02 ng/ml, mean +/- S.E.). The fasting levels of insulin and C-peptide in chronic renal failure were also the highest among these groups. The insulin levels in liver cirrhosis and muscular dystrophy were significantly greater than those in normal subjects and increased molar ratios of proinsulin to total insulin immunoreactivity in chronic renal failure were observed. These results suggest that the kidney, liver and muscle are related to circulating insulin levels and that the kidney plays a particularly important role in circulating proinsulin levels. It can be concluded that increases in these peptides are due to a hypersecretion of B-cells, a decreased degradation or excretion.
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PMID:Plasma levels of proinsulin, insulin and C-peptide in chronic renal, hepatic and muscular disorders. 637 42

The morphologic measurement of bone volume was made by using the lower lumbar vertebrae of 905 cases which were selected from 1,200 consecutive autopsy cases. The tendency and the degree of bone loss, under various pathological conditions and for aging, were compared and examined. Microscopic specimens of the lumbar vertebrae without bone marrow were used as source material and the dimensional ratios of the trabecular bone were calculated by video image processor (VIP). It is already well known that disappearance of transverse trabeculae first occurs in the progress of osteoporotic change, but in this study no clear difference appeared in the comparison of the dimensional ratios between the transverse and vertical trabeculae. On comparison between males and females in the control group, the loss of bone volume in females starts in the fifth decade with a rather rapid progress, while it starts gradually from the sixth decade in males. As regards the group with the diseases compared, the loss of bone volume appears very high for every age with high dose steroid hormone therapy and chronic renal failure but the group characterized by hypertensive vascular disorders showed an insignificant difference in comparison to the control group. In the group with malignant tumors, with liver cirrhosis and with heavy drinkers, the loss of bone volume appears to be considerable in younger individuals but no difference from the controls could be found in older individuals. In the group with diabetes mellitus, the bone volume appears to a high degree in younger individuals and the loss of bone volume makes for an accelerated increase in older individuals. This tendency is very different from the other diseased group. It can be considered that the mechanism of bone loss is accelerated with aging and various pathological factors together.
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PMID:[A quantitative morphologic study of cancellous bone--comparative study between physiological and pathological bone loss in autopsy cases]. 650 82

Plasma beta-carotene and retinol assay was performed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in subjects with chronic renal failure or liver cirrhosis. In the same subjects blood prealbumin (PA) and retinol binding protein (RBP) were determined by immunological technique. A considerable increase of retinol and in a lesser extent of beta-carotene was noted in the blood of patients with renal insufficiency. In cirrhotic patients it was shown a marked decrease both of beta-carotene and retinol plasma concentrations. PA and RBP there were greatly increased in renal failure and decreased in liver cirrhosis. This results suggest that kidney and liver chronic failure interfere with vitamin A metabolism throughout their action on metabolic processes of synthesis and elimination of PA and RBP.
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PMID:[Effect of renal and liver failure on blood levels of vitamin A, its precursor (beta-carotene) and its carrier proteins (prealbumin and retinol binding protein)]. 653 19

On the basis of their own experience and data from the literature, the authors warn against the simultaneous administration of diuretic agents and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Apart from the drastic reduction in the natriuretic effects of some diuretics, this association may lead to acute non-oliguric renal failure in patients with one of the following predisposing factors: volemic depletion, effective circulating volume (cardiac insufficiency, liver cirrhosis), preexisting nephropathy (lupus erythematosus, chronic renal failure), or borderline renal function (geriatric patients, diabetics).
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PMID:[Non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents, diuretics and kidney function: a warning]. 662 43

Red blood cell and serum selenium concentrations were investigated to determine normal concentrations for our geographic area and if potential differences existed in patients with selected diagnoses (hepatic, renal, malignant, and chronic diseases). Selenium was quantified in samples of red blood cells, serum and urine by neutron activation analysis. The results were analyzed by comparing 1) pooled data from all ages for each disease with normal values, and 2) normal values with age-matched patients in each disease category. Decreases in red blood cell selenium concentrations (P less than 0.05) occurred in normal subjects over 60 years of age without concurrent significant decreases in serum selenium. Although differential results were noted in age-matched groups, overall results showed that decreased concentrations of selenium in both red cells and in serum occurred with alcoholic cirrhosis, malignancies, and chronic renal failure (P less than 0.025). Red blood cell selenium concentrations also were decreased in patients with stable chronic disease. Decreased serum selenium concentrations were positively correlated with albumin concentrations in patients with cirrhosis. There was no correlation between serum selenium and bilirubin concentrations in patients with liver disease or between serum selenium and creatinine concentrations in patients with chronic renal failure whose urinary excretion of selenium was far below control levels.
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PMID:Red blood cell and serum selenium concentrations as influenced by age and selected diseases. 665 58

We report the incidence of normal (50.4%), increased (46.7%), and decreased (2.9%) anion gap among hospitalized patients in a retrospective study. The mean and range of increased anion gaps were 25 and 19-28 mmol/L. Values exceeding 30 mmol/L were uncommon and may indicate either acidosis or laboratory error. The most common causes of the increased anion gap among patients were chronic renal failure, congestive heart failure, malignant neoplasm, and diabetes mellitus. Increased anion gap in this study may be due to excess acids along with decreases in sodium, chloride, and carbon dioxide. The mean and range of decreased anion gap were 6 and 3-8 mmol/L. Anion-gap values less than 3 mmol/L were uncommon (one of 500 cases), and a high incidence of such values may indicate laboratory error. Nephrotic syndrome, liver cirrhosis, intestinal obstruction, and severe hemorrhage were the common disorders associated with decreased anion gap, which resulted from hypoalbuminemia and hyponatremia. Although most patients with decreased anion gap had hypoalbuminemia, hypoalbuminemic patients did not necessarily have decreased anion gap.
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PMID:Value of the anion gap in clinical diagnosis and laboratory evaluation. 682 31

1 Bumetanide (1 mg) was given orally and intravenously to a group of patients with chronic renal failure (n = 6) and to another group with cirrhosis of the liver (n = 8). 2 The pharmacokinetics, using a two-compartment model, and the pharmacodynamics of the drug in these patients were compared with those previously obtained for normal subjects. 3 In the renal group serum bumetanide concentrations were higher than for the normal subjects and the terminal half-lives were significantly prolonged (P less than 0.001). A decreased whole body clearance was attributable to a low renal clearance of drug, the non-renal clearance being significantly increased (P less than 0.01). 4 For the patients with liver disease, serum bumetanide concentrations were higher than for the renal group, and the terminal half-lives were significantly further prolonged (P less than 0.001). Both non-renal and renal clearances were significantly reduced (P less than 0.001). 5 Absorption rates were not significantly altered in either group and the values of F (bioavailability) were 0.82 and 0.95 for the patients with renal disease and hepatic disease, respectively. 6 A poor pharmacodynamic response and a reduced bumetanide excretion rate were observed for the patients with chronic renal failure, whereas with hepatic disease normal bumetanide excretion rates were observed with an impaired diuretic response.
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PMID:The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the diuretic bumetanide in hepatic and renal disease. 684 58

In 121 patients with either liver cirrhosis or chronic renal failure, abnormal values for the concentrations of two pancreatic enzymes in serum were a frequent finding. In renal insufficiency a decreased rate of enzyme elimination is the most likely cause of the above-normal values we observed for serum immunoreactive trypsin and pancreatic isoamylase activity. As for patients with liver cirrhosis, we believe that changes in entrance rates into the blood--i.e., an affected pancreas--is a likely explanation of the abnormally high values we often found for these serum enzymes.
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PMID:Immunoreactive trypsin and pancreatic isoamylase activity in serum of patients with chronic renal failure or hepatic cirrhosis. 697 16

Serum 3'monoiodothyronine (3'-T1) levels were estimated by means of a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) preceded by an ethanol extraction. The recovery of 3'T1 was in mean (+/-SEM) 110 +/- 9%, and the lower detection limit was 23 pmol/l. Serum levels of 3'T1 in 34 euthyroid healthy subjects were (median (range)) 55 pmol/l (less than 23 - 168 pmol/l), in 13 hyperthyroid patients 133 pmol/l (70 - 265 pmol/l) (P less than 0.01) and in 13 hypothyroid patients less than 23 pmol/l (less than 23 - 68 pmol/l) (P less than 0.01). In 11 patients with chronic renal failure serum 3'-T1 levels were highly increased 285 pmol/l (115 - 1538 pmol/l) (P less than 0.01) and correlated inversely to creatinine clearance (R = -0.68, P less than 0.05). In patients with liver cirrhosis serum 3'-T1 levels were unaffected, whereas in 19 patients with endogenous depression studied before and after recovery from the depression serum levels decreased from 70 pmol/l (less than 23 - 248 pmol/l) to 30 pmol/l (less than 23 - 95 pmol/l) (P less than 0.01). Administration of propranolol 40 mg b.i.d. for 2 weeks did not affect serum 3'-T1 levels. The study shows that 3'-T1 is present in serum from euthyroid man and varies with thyroid function. Further, it is suggested that 3'-T1 in contrast to other iodothyronines primarily is eliminated by the kidneys.
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PMID:Serum 3'-monoiodothyronine levels in normal subjects and in patients with thyroid and non-thyroid disease. 727 5


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