Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An anuric ESRD patient on chronic hemodialysis with liver cirrhosis and refractory ascites was treated with ultrafiltration followed by head-out water immersion (HWI) and a new period of ultrafiltration. Despite anuria and the absence of peripheral edema, 4 h of HWI significantly raised the central venous pressure, diminished the abdominal girth by 5%, and successfully transfered at least 2.4 liters of ascitic fluid to the intravascular space made available to ultrafiltration. Dialysis or ultrafiltration alone were not effective in removing this amount of fluid or in reducing ascites.
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PMID:Water immersion in an anuric cirrhotic patient. 371 43

Hyperprolactinemia is frequent in clinical endocrinology. Its commonest causes are, besides pregnancy and lactation, drugs, mainly involving the generally used psychopharmaca and the equally ubiquitously prescribed estrogens. The single most important cause is a pituitary tumor, the prolactinoma, but lesions of the hypothalamus or pituitary stalk, primary hypothyroidism, liver cirrhosis and chronic renal failure, among others, may also provoke hyperprolactinemia. The clinical features of hyperprolactinemia in women are mainly amenorrhea, or irregular menses, galactorrhea, hirsutism, infertility and loss of libido. In men loss of libido and/or impotence are the most important symptoms, accompanied by infertility. Macroadenoma, more frequently seen in men than in women, may cause tumor symptoms such as headache and ophthalmologic disorders (visual field loss). The main biochemical finding is hyperprolactinemia, which should be repeatedly checked. In general, high concentrations are mainly found in large adenomas, while microadenomas usually involve only mild hyperprolactinemia, though there are numerous exceptions. While dynamic tests of prolactin secretion have provided useful information about the pathophysiology of prolactin secretion, their use in routine clinical work is controversial and of limited value. As a routine neuroradiological examination, high resolution CT of the pituitary area is to be recommended. In all hyperprolactinemic patients with suspicion of macroadenoma, ophthalmologic evaluation of fundus and visual fields should be performed. Dopaminergic drugs such as bromocriptine rapidly reduce serum prolactin levels in hyperprolactinemic women and men with micro- or macroadenoma. With these drugs considerable tumor shrinkage is possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Hyperprolactinemia]. 395 83

Circulating forms of somatostatinlike immunoreactivity (SLI) in humans were characterized using several chromatographic techniques. After gelfiltration chromatography on Bio-Gel P-6 columns greater than 90% of circulating SLI was of high molecular weight (MW) and eluted in the void volume. When plasma samples were passed through protein A-Sepharose columns, more than 85% of the high MW SLI was removed, indicating that this form of plasma SLI is mainly due to cross-reacting immunoglobulins. Extraction of 10-ml plasma samples from normal subjects on octadecyl silyl silica cartridges eliminated the high MW material. In addition, this extraction technique concentrated the two lower MW forms of SLI, which coelute on gel filtration chromatography with somatostatin-28 (S-28) and the tetradecapeptide form of somatostatin (S-14), respectively. Extracted plasma SLI was further analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results confirmed the identity of S-28 and demonstrated that S-14 is converted, in part, to Des-Alasomatostatin (S-13) following secretion into the circulation. At least four forms of SLI are thus present in human plasma: cross-reacting immunoglobulins, S-28, S-14, and S-13. Concentrations of SLI forms in the plasma of normal controls and patients with renal failure or cirrhosis were measured to assess the role of circulating somatostatin in health and disease. High MW SLI was elevated above normal in the plasma of patients with cirrhosis, but was not significantly elevated in patients with chronic renal failure. On the other hand, concentrations of plasma S-28 and S-13/14 (total concentrations of S-13 plus S-14) were elevated in patients with either chronic renal failure or cirrhosis.
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PMID:Circulating forms of somatostatinlike immunoreactivity in human plasma. 396 83

Diagnostic significance of a simple and rapid screening procedure for determining the relative amounts of pancreatic and salivary isoamylase using an amylase inhibitor was evaluated in 242 subjects (controls 84, acute pancreatitis nine, chronic pancreatitis 28, pancreatic cancer 14, peptic ulcer 25, liver cirrhosis 15, cholelithiasis 24, irritable colon syndrome 13, diabetes mellitus 13, mumps seven, and chronic renal failure 10). Electrophoretically separated isoamylases of saliva and pure pancreatic juice were all inhibited at similar degrees to the corresponding unfractionated amylases. Total amylase and pancreatic isoamylase were elevated in all nine patients with acute pancreatitis. Pancreatic isoamylase was decreased in 12 of 28 patients (43%) with chronic pancreatitis and increased in nine of 14 patients (64%) with pancreatic cancer. The mean pancreatic isoamylase activity in the patients with acute pancreatitis was significantly higher (p less than 0.01), while that of chronic pancreatitis was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) when compared with controls. The inhibition method offers simple, rapid, and specific analysis of serum isoamylase for the differential diagnosis of hyperamylasemia in cases of emergency.
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PMID:Differential determination of serum isoamylase using an amylase inhibitor and its clinical application. 396 56

For exploration on the elimination of cholecystokinin from the circulation, the disappearance half-time of cholecystokinin-octapeptide was estimated with cholecystokinin specific radioimmunoassay in normal subjects and patients with chronic renal failure and with hepatic cirrhosis. With a brief infusion of 30.4 ng/kg of cholecystokinin-octapeptide for 2 min, plasma cholecystokinin level rose from 16.1 +/- 3.6 pg/ml (mean +/- SE) to 216.5 +/- 6.1 pg/ml at 3 min after starting infusion, and decreased rapidly in a single exponential fashion for 10 min in hepatic cirrhosis. The disappearance half-time of cholecystokinin-octapeptide in patients with hepatic cirrhosis was 2.45 +/- 0.07 min, and it was significantly longer than that in normal subjects (1.30 +/- 0.07) or patients with chronic renal failure (1.70 +/- 0.11). These findings suggest that the liver plays a major role in cholecystokinin-octapeptide elimination in humans.
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PMID:Marked prolongation in disappearance half-time of plasma cholecystokinin-octapeptide in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. 401 6

The levels of serum alpha 1-microglobulin in 60 normal persons and in 191 patients suffering from a variety of benign and malignant disorders were determined by an enzyme immunoassay, and these values were compared with the levels of beta 2-microglobulin. A discrepancy between the serum levels of these proteins was found in hepatobiliary disorders; that is, an increased serum level of beta 2-microglobulin was observed in 73.9%, while in only 4.3% was there an elevation of alpha 1-microglobulin. In particular, alpha 1-microglobulin levels in patients with liver cirrhosis were well below the normal range, while beta 2-microglobulin levels were elevated. Elevated levels of both proteins were noted in patients with some impairments of renal function, particularly in chronic renal failure, and in immunological diseases. In 81 patients with neoplastic diseases, a high alpha 1-microglobulin value was found in only 15 patients (16.4%), while a high beta 2-microglobulin value in 62 patients (76.5%). The serum levels of both alpha 1-microglobulin and beta 2-microglobulin were especially high in plasma cell dyscrasia with Bence Jones protein, but other neoplastic diseases were mostly associated with beta 2-microglobulin elevation alone.
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PMID:A comparative study of serum alpha 1-microglobulin and beta 2-microglobulin levels in cancerous and other diseases. 616 Sep 31

The IS substance (molecular weight: 52,000, pI: 2.7-3.3) levels in the serum was examined in patients with various diseases. The IS substance levels in patients with gastric, colorectal, biliary-pancreas and esophageal cancer were significantly higher than those in healthy volunteers. The level of IS substance increased in accordance with advance of cancer, showing the highest level in advanced and recurrent cancer patients. In benign disease patients, high levels of IS substance were also observed in the serum of infectious diseases and chronic renal failure. In contrast, patients with liver cirrhosis had a definite low level of IS substance. When the IS substance level was compared with other parameters in cancer patients, a definite correlation was found with immunosuppressive acidic protein and alpha 2 globulin. However, there was no correlation with skin reaction, lymphocyte number, T-cell number, or PHA induced lymphocyte blastgenesis. It is suggested that the IS substance level is a useful indicator to judge the extent of disease before operation and to estimate the clinical course after operation.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of a serum immunosuppressive (IS) substance in various diseases]. 619 93

A nephelometric method is described for determination of plasminogen and two types of plasmin inhibitors in human plasma having different affinity toward plasmin. This method is based on the kinetic analysis of effects of whole plasma and plasmin inhibitor fraction obtained from plasma on the activity of exogenously added plasminogen which was determined by measuring the decrease of light scattering of fibrin suspension. With this method we have determined the activity of plasminogen and two types of inhibitors in the plasma of normal subjects and patients with high fibrinogen degradation product values. They include patients with various malignant tumors with DIC, chronic renal failure, sepsis, vascular diseases, and liver cirrhosis with hepatoma.
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PMID:Nephelometric determination of plasminogen and plasmin inhibitors in human plasma using fibrin suspension as a substrate. 622 10

Systemic disorders clearly may exert a significant influence on neuroendocrine function. Disorders that cause significant stress to the body, either physical or psychological, may cause a resetting upward of the HPA axis to provide sufficient cortisol to counteract the stress and to help sustain energy substrate levels. GH levels also increase in many of these situations, again promoting sufficient energy substrate levels. In some circumstances the concomitantly low somatomedin activity may be speculated to be adaptative to prevent the insulin-like agonist activity of these substances as well as to prevent energy expenditure in body growth. However, in other situations such as chronic renal failure and cirrhosis, the decreased somatomedin activity may be primary, causing decreased feedback at the hypothalamic-pituitary level and increased GH levels. The stress-induced rise in PRL may also play a minor role in preserving energy substrate since high levels may promote insulin resistance. In most illnesses the 'euthyroid sick syndrome' develops. Whether such patients are 'euthyroid' or mildly hypothyroid is a matter of controversy. The fact that protein losses are increased during fasting when the lowered T3 levels are returned to normal with exogenous T3 supplementation suggests that these patients are indeed hypothyroid and this hypothyroidism serves to conserve energy substrate by decreasing the metabolic rate. The reproductive axis is often impaired with systemic illness. Again, teleologically this may be viewed as an inactivation of non-essential functions in times of stress. It would appear that the changes that occur with systemic illness, in general, are favourable to the organism in that they promote survival. The detailed neurotransmitter and hypophyseotrophic hormone changes resulting in the alteration in pituitary function remain to be elucidated for the most part.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine alterations in systemic disease. 632 68

We conclude from this study that bleeding esophageal varices may occur as a late complication of liver disease associated with chronic renal failure and renal transplantation. In two of the three patients reported upon, the liver disease was probably determined on the basis of cirrhosis, secondary to chronic, active hepatitis from non-A, non-B hepatitis, while the third patient had hepatic fibrosis. Such bleeding is best controlled by selective variceal decompression with a DSRS. Finally, it is technically feasible to perform a DSRS upon some patients following a left nephrectomy, and the renal vein is of adequate caliber even in the presence of nonfunctioning kidneys.
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PMID:Distal splenorenal shunt in treatment of bleeding esophageal varices in renal transplant recipients. 636 44


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