Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bile acid glucuronides in the serum in various hepatobiliary diseases (36 cases) were quantitated by mass fragmentography and their clinical significance was discussed. Serum was added to defined amounts of deuterium-labeled bile acids and their glucuronide and sulfate derivatives, and the bile acids were separated into unconjugated, glucuronidated and sulfated groups after enzymatic cleavage of amide bonds. The liberated bile acids were quantitated by mass fragmentography. Bile acid glucuronides comprised about 7-8% of the total bile acids in the serum of various patients. Chenodeoxycholic acid was the major glucuronidated bile acid while cholic acid was mostly unconjugated. Lithocholic acid was almost all either sulfated or glucuronidated. In patients with obstructive jaundice, glucuronidated bile acids also comprised about 5%, although their absolute amounts were increased. In patients with liver cirrhosis, bile acid glucuronides were decreased, especially in decompensated cases, possibly as a result of hepatocellular dysfunction.
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PMID:Serum concentrations of bile acid glucuronides in hepatobiliary diseases. 665 18

An assay for the estimation of guanosine deaminase is described. The method employs guanosine as substrate and after incubation of serum and substrate at 22 degrees C for 18 h the ammonia liberated is estimated using the Berthelot reaction. Absorbance is measured as 625 nm and the catalytic activity read from a standard curve obtained using ammonia standards. The method provides reproducible measurements of serum guanosine deaminase. The results obtained using 'normal' sera have been used to calculate the 'normal range' for the enzyme in serum. Preliminary results suggest that guanosine deaminase is increased in hepatitis and in patients with liver metastases but normal in all other liver diseases including cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice.
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PMID:The estimation of serum guanosine deaminase activity in liver disease. 666 43

A female child, 5 years and 5 months of age, who had had longstanding obstructive jaundice with hepatic dysfunction from the age of 6 months, underwent Y-hepaticojejunostomy according to Roux after dissection of the entire extrahepatic duct with severe periductal fibrosis. At that time, liver biopsy already showed progress to biliary cirrhosis with prominent ductal proliferation in Glisson's triad. Although good bile drainage to the intestine was obtained early after the operation, 2 years elapsed until disappearance of jaundice and ascites with improvement of liver function. The patient is now 13 years old and doing well with moderately impaired liver function. No oesophageal varices have been seen by endoscopy lately. The clinical course and data are suggestive of an abortive form of biliary atresia.
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PMID:Inflammatory stenosis of the whole extrahepatic bile duct in a child: a case report. 666 67

Urinary bile acids in normal subjects and patients with obstructive jaundice and liver cirrhosis were quantitated by mass fragmentography after separation into nonglucuronidated-nonsulfated, glucuronidated and sulfated fractions. Mean values of total bile acids in urine were as follows: Control subjects (n = 7), 1.90 +/- 0.67; obstructive jaundice (n = 9), 77.90 +/- 40.39; liver cirrhosis, compensated (n = 6), 15.14 +/- 8.97, and decompensated (n = 6), 11.84 +/- 9.32 (mean +/- SD, mg/day). The percentages of each conjugate was 19-29% in the non-glucuronidated-nonsulfated fraction, 6-14% in the glucuronidated fraction and 60-74% in the sulfated fraction. Bile acids in urine and serum correlated well in each fraction (r = 0.82-0.84, p less than 0.001). The clearance of the three conjugates was the highest in the sulfates, and the clearance of glucuronides was higher than that of non-esterified bile acids. The glucuronidation and sulfation of bile acids play an important role in the detoxication of bile acids by excreting them into urine, especially in patients with elevated serum bile acids.
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PMID:Urinary concentrations of bile acid glucuronides and sulfates in hepatobiliary diseases. 673 68

Using a new and sensitive screening method, dysfibrinogenaemia (DF) was detected in 76% of patients with cirrhosis, 78% with chronic active liver disease and 86% with acute liver failure. The incidence was much lower in obstructive jaundice (8%) and miscellaneous liver disorders (4%). It is concluded that the fibrin monomer polymerisation (FMP) ratio test is a simple and sensitive test for the detection of DF, and is useful in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular and obstructive jaundice. Hyperfibrinogenaemia, particularly in patients with obstructive jaundice, may explain the high incidence of abnormal thrombin and Reptilase clotting times despite normal FMP ratios. Dysfibrinogenaemia dose not appear to be related to the degree of liver function impairment, but may be associated with regeneration of hepatic tissue.
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PMID:Acquired dysfibrinogenaemia in liver disease. 708 17

Fibrosis of chronic pancreatitis can cause obstructive jaundice by compressing the intrapancreatic portion of the common bile duct. The frequency and clinical manifestations of common bile duct stricture from symptomatic chronic pancreatitis have been evaluated in 26 patients undergoing lateral pancreaticojejunostomy for intractable pain between 1974 and 1980. Four patients (15%) had a stricture with partial obstruction of the common duct in addition to pancreatic duct obstruction. Three of the four strictures were identified prior to operation by ERCP. The fourth developed biliary obstruction six months after pancreaticojejunostomy. Slight elevation of alkaline phosphatase was common and occurred in 12 of 22 patients with chronic pancreatitis without biliary obstruction. Alkaline phosphatase was elevated greater than four times normal in three of the four patients with a biliary stricture. Elevation of total and direct serum bilirubin occurred only in patients with stricture of the distal common duct. A waxing and waning picture of jaundice was seen in these four patients. When a fixed smooth stricture of the common duct is demonstrated in a patient with symptomatic chronic pancreatitis, drainage of the biliary tree should be combined with pancreatic duct drainage in order to prevent cholangitis, biliary cirrhosis, diagnostic confusion with pancreatic carcinoma, and persistence of pain.
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PMID:common duct obstruction in patients with intractable pain of chronic pancreatitis. 711 5

Cytotoxic effect of excessive copper in the liver of the dogs with longstanding obstructive jaundice were investigated. Common bile duct was ligated in adult mongrel dogs for a period of 21 to 93 days. Copper (0.5 mg/kg weight, every other day) was administered intravenously. Copper content and morphologic changes of the liver was compared with those of the common bile duct ligated dogs without copper administration and of the normal control. Liver copper content was quantitated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and morphologic investigation was carried out ultrastructurally and histochemically (dimethylaminobenzylidine rhodanine stain for copper and orcein stain for copper associated protein). The copper content of the liver was 57 +/- 8.75 microgram/g wet weight (mean +/- S.E.) in the normal control, 80.84 +/- 15.76 in the common bile duct ligated dogs and 463.46 +/- 76.42 in the common bile duct ligated dogs with copper administration. There was a significant increase (p less than 0.01) of the liver copper content in the common bile duct ligated dogs with copper administration but not in the common bile duct ligated dogs without it. Histologically, the liver showed changes of longstanding cholestasis and of early biliary cirrhosis in the dogs over three months after ligation. Ultrastructurally, both groups showed dilatation of bile canaliculi with decreased and swollen microvilli protruding into their lumina, expanded pericanalicular ectoplasm with increased microfibrils and various forms of intracanalicular and intracytoplasmic bile assuming myelin-figure, crystalloid and dense-amorphous appearances. Also present were increased and dilated smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria showing curled cristae with electron dense ground substance and decreased microvillous projections of hepatocyte cell membranes into Disse's space. Only significant morphologic difference between two groups was the presence of copper-protein complex demonstrated by rhodanine and orcein stains as intracytoplasmic coarse granules in the common bile duct ligated dogs with copper administration. These copper-protein complex granules correspond to partially membrane-bound dense bodies seen ultrastructurally, which probably represent autophagic vacuoles or lysosomal residual bodies. Above result suggests that excessive copper accumulated in the liver as lysosomal bodies in longstanding extrahepatic biliary obstruction with copper loading does not produce significant liver cell injury despite eight fold increase of the liver copper content.
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PMID:Copper and liver injury--experimental studies on the dogs with biliary obstruction and copper loading. 712 50

Examination of 51 human liver specimens with the modified Kupffer's gold impregnation method confirmed the presence and distribution of fat-storing cells in various kinds of diseased livers such as fatty liver, acute centrolobular necrosis, subacute massive necrosis and cirrhosis as well as in liver cell carcinoma. In normal liver, gold-reactive fat-storing cells were distributed in the central area or diffusely in lobules. In the liver with marked fatty change and obstructive jaundice, presence of fat-storing cells was able to be clarified by this method. In cases of acute hepatocellular necrosis, the necrotic areas contained a large number of fat-storing cells in contrast to adjacent areas. In cases of subacute massive hepatic necrosis and cirrhosis, the areas with abundant newly formed collagen fibers (type III collagen) contained many gold-reactive fat-storing cells. In the septa consisting of dense type I collagen fibers, by contraries, fat-storing cells were hardly visible. The features suggested that fat-storing cells are closely related to intralobular fibrogenesis. In one case of liver cell carcinoma, there were many gold-reactive fat-storing cells in tumour tissue.
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PMID:Pathological study on gold impregnation of fat-storing cells in human liver. 723 21

Serum prealbumin concentrations have been studied, by a quantitative immunological procedure, in patients with secondary carcinoma of the liver, chronic active hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, cryptogenic cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice, inflammatory bowel disease, and myocardial infarction. The results showed that prealbumin concentration is significantly decreased when liver function is impaired. In diseases not associated with liver damage the concentrations of prealbumin were within the normal range. The advantage of this biochemical procedure is that serum prealbumin concentration is a true index of liver function, whereas serum enzyme activities signify only the degree of hepatocellular damage, which may not always quantitatively reflect liver function. Determination of serum prealbumin is therefore valuable in the diagnosis of liver disease and in the monitoring of treatment.
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PMID:Serum "prealbumin" as an index of liver function in human hepatobiliary disease. 724 76

Common bile duct stricture secondary to chronic pancreatitis is difficult to detect clinically. Surgical bypass is necessary if complications from biliary obstruction develop. In 21 patients operated on between 1968 and 1979, the earliest typical biochemical finding was a persistently elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level. The SGOT level was minimally elevated in seven patients, but did not correlate with changes in the stricture. An increased bilirubin level was noted either during an acute exacerbation of pancreatitis or late in the course of the stricture development, when obstruction was almost complete. Operative cholangiograms taken in 12 of these patients and transhepatic cholangiograms taken in nine demonstrated a stricture of the intrapancreatic bile duct more than 2 cm long. Operations were performed for treatment of obstructive jaundice (11), ascending cholangitis (three), suspected pancreatic cancer (three), and progressive biliary cirrhosis (two). Sphincteroplasty, initially attempted in four patients, uniformly failed to relieve the obstruction due to the length of strictured duct. Satisfactory drainage was obtained for up to ten years with choledochoduodenostomy (12), choledochojejunostomy (three), and cholecystojejunostomy (six).
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PMID:Common duct stricture from chronic pancreatitis. 737 60


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