Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sera from patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease had elevated titers to colon antigen from germ-free rats significantly more often than sera from patients with gastroenteritis, irritable colon, non-gastrointestinal diseases, and healthy controls. Elevated anticolon titers in significant frequency were also found in patients with liver cirrhosis, urinary tract infections, and in polyposis coli and their relatives. Females with ulcerative colitis had, on an average, higher titers than men especially in the age group 30 years and over. In Crohn's disease the antibody titers often increased with time--as opposed to those in ulcerative colitis and non-gastrointestinal diseases. In conjunction with results published earlier, the present work supports the assumption that the antibodies in ulcerative colitis patients react with antigenic determinants distinct from those recognized by the colon antibodies present in other groups, including patients with Crohn's disease and polyposis.
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PMID:Immunological studies in ulcerative colitis. VIII. Antibodies to colon antigen in patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and other diseases. 7 16

This study aimed to determine the relation between cirrhosis and colorectal adenomatous polyps after adjustment for alcoholism and other confounding variables. Four groups of patients aged 40 years or above were studied. Group I included 100 consecutive outpatients with irritable bowel syndrome, group II 100 consecutive alcoholic inpatients without cirrhosis, group III 100 consecutive inpatients with alcoholic cirrhosis, and group IV included 36 consecutive inpatients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis. All patients underwent colonoscopy. The prevalence of adenomatous polyps was 13% in group I, 26% in group II, 58% in group III, and 22% in group IV (p less than 0.001). The prevalence of adenomatous polyps was greater in patients with cirrhosis than in those patients without (48.5% v 19.5%). This difference remained significant after successive adjustment for alcoholism, sex, age, smoking, and serum cholesterol. The prevalence of adenomatous polyps was greater in alcoholic patients than in non-alcoholic patients (42% v 15.4%) (p less than 0.001). This difference remained significant after successive adjustment for cirrhosis, sex, age, smoking, and serum cholesterol. These results suggest that cirrhosis is an independent risk factor for colorectal adenomatous polyps and confirm that alcoholism increases this risk.
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PMID:Cirrhosis as an independent risk factor for colonic adenomas. 158 98

Insulin-like growth factor II is secreted primarily by the liver and is reported to be transcribed in many primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) cell lines. We have studied diagnostic significance of serum IGF-II in chronic liver diseases using specific enzyme immunoassay. Serum IGF-II levels (mean +/- SE) were decreased in chronic hepatitis (538 +/- 51 ng/ml; N = 29), liver cirrhosis (427 +/- 45; 50) and PHC (260 +/- 41; 17) compared to controls (830 +/- 49; 57). Serum IGF-II was not different from controls in any of nonhepatic diseases such as diabetes (1032 +/- 97; 19) pancreatic cancer (1413 +/- 282; 8), chronic pancreatitis (999 +/- 126; 17), peptic ulcer (1186 +/- 43; 11), irritable bowel syndrome (1002 +/- 109; 12), gastrointestinal tract cancer (1250 +/- 216; 21) and chronic renal failure (733 +/- 135; 14). In liver diseases serum IGF-II showed a significant correlation with liver function test (negative with retention of indocyanine green and total bile acids; positive with albumin, thrombo-test, and cholinesterase). These results suggest that serum IGF-II reflects a reduced production of IGF-II in the liver and that it can be an index for the residual capacity of liver function.
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PMID:Serum insulin-like growth factor II in chronic liver disease. 253 15

Diagnostic significance of a simple and rapid screening procedure for determining the relative amounts of pancreatic and salivary isoamylase using an amylase inhibitor was evaluated in 242 subjects (controls 84, acute pancreatitis nine, chronic pancreatitis 28, pancreatic cancer 14, peptic ulcer 25, liver cirrhosis 15, cholelithiasis 24, irritable colon syndrome 13, diabetes mellitus 13, mumps seven, and chronic renal failure 10). Electrophoretically separated isoamylases of saliva and pure pancreatic juice were all inhibited at similar degrees to the corresponding unfractionated amylases. Total amylase and pancreatic isoamylase were elevated in all nine patients with acute pancreatitis. Pancreatic isoamylase was decreased in 12 of 28 patients (43%) with chronic pancreatitis and increased in nine of 14 patients (64%) with pancreatic cancer. The mean pancreatic isoamylase activity in the patients with acute pancreatitis was significantly higher (p less than 0.01), while that of chronic pancreatitis was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) when compared with controls. The inhibition method offers simple, rapid, and specific analysis of serum isoamylase for the differential diagnosis of hyperamylasemia in cases of emergency.
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PMID:Differential determination of serum isoamylase using an amylase inhibitor and its clinical application. 396 56

The autopsy report of Ludwig van Beethoven written by Dr Johann Wagner in 1827 reveals that he had renal calculi that had not been diagnosed during his lifetime, together with perirenal fibrosis. The most comprehensive interpretation of this autopsy finding is that the regular calcareous deposits in every one of his renal calices represented calcified necrotic papillae. Severe urinary obstruction or diabetes as possible causes of papillary necrosis were not present. Analgesic abuse because of headaches, back pain, and attacks of rheumatism or gout may be presumed on the basis of Beethoven's uncontrolled way of taking medication. Salicin, a commonly used analgesic substance of that time (dried and powdered willow bark), is able to cause papillary necrosis. Perirenal fibrosis may be due to chronic infection or drug intake. Beethoven's other well-known diseases are deafness caused by otosclerosis of the inner ear, relapsing attacks of diarrhea as the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, and liver cirrhosis following viral hepatitis and chronic alcohol consumption. Liver cirrhosis also may cause papillary necrosis. In Beethoven's case, renal papillary necrosis was most probably the consequence of analgesic abuse together with decompensated liver cirrhosis. The autopsy report of Beethoven is the first case of papillary necrosis recorded in the literature.
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PMID:Beethoven's renal disease based on his autopsy: a case of papillary necrosis. 850 20

Inflammation of the bile ducts was studied in liver biopsies from patients with chronic hepatitis C to determine whether the frequency of inflamed bile ducts changes with therapy and correlates with other histological variables and expression of class I and II MHC antigens on ductal epithelium. Twenty patients treated at UMMC between 1991 and 1994 underwent needle biopsies of the liver before and after therapy with interferon alpha 2B (IFN). A complete response to therapy was defined as a return to normal serum alanine aminotransferase levels occurring and persisting during therapy. The number of inflamed bile ducts/total ducts (%IBDs), presence of piecemeal necrosis and lymphoid aggregates, and grade of inflammation were assessed in each high-power field in all areas with bile ducts. The frequencies of these variables were compared in cirrhotics and non-cirrhotics and in patients with complete or incomplete responses to IFN. Frozen sections of biopsies from 5 patients were immunostained using antibodies to HLA-DR and B-2 microglobulin, and positive staining was noted on bile ducts. Before therapy, the %IBD was slightly greater in patients with cirrhosis. After IFN, both %IBD and serum alkaline phosphatase levels decreased in non-cirrhotics who responded to IFN. The change in frequency of IBD with IFN paralleled the changes in the other histological features. No correlation was noted between bile duct inflammation and expression of class I and II antigens. The conclusion is that inflammation of the bile ducts occurs frequently in chronic hepatitis C, correlates with other features of inflammation in the triads, and decreases in response to IFN therapy.
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PMID:Effect of interferon therapy on bile duct inflammation in hepatitis C. 876 34

Fifty cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension but without colonic or systemic disease underwent lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in order to investigate the effects, if any, of portal hypertension on the colon. Fifty patients without liver or systemic disease, examined by colonoscopy because of irritable bowel syndrome in the same period served as controls. Rectosigmoid varices were observed in 34% of the cirrhotic patients and 2% of the controls. Hemorrhoids were observed in 70% of the cirrhotic patients and 48% of the controls. Multiple vascular-appearing lesions were found in 16% of the cirrhotic patients and 6% of the controls. Nonspecific inflammatory changes were noted in 10% of the cirrhotic patients and 4% of the controls. Simultaneous presence, in the same patient, of rectosigmoid varices, hemorrhoids, multiple vascular-appearing lesions, and nonspecific inflammatory changes, was observed in only five (10%) of the cirrhotic patients. We found polyps in 12% of the cirrhotic patients and 14% of the controls, and a malignant tumor in 4% of the cirrhotic patients. The patients with normal colonoscopic findings were 8% of the cirrhotic patients and 36% of the controls. All patients and controls were followed up for 1 year; there was no gastrointestinal hemorrhage among controls, whereas 34% of the cirrhotic patients had an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (88% from esophageal varices, 12% from the stomach) and 4% had a lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage (one from rectosigmoid varices and one from nonspecific inflammatory lesions). Colonic lesions were significantly more frequent in the cirrhotic patients (92%) than in the control group (64%); however, such lesions did not seem specific to the disease and were not statistically correlated with the degree of esophageal varices by Child's grading, the etiology of cirrhosis, or the bleeding risk from the lower gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Colonic disease in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension: an endoscopic and clinical evaluation. 960 Mar 75

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are autoantibodies directed against cytoplasmic constituents of neutrophil granulocytes. Antibodies with specificity for proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase are seromarkers for systemic vasculitides. ANCA with specificity for lactoferrin were described in patients with several idiopathic inflammatory diseases, such as the inflammatory bowel diseases and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the clinical significance of anti-lactoferrin autoantibodies is still unclear. In this study, we determined the clinical significance of anti-lactoferrin autoantibodies in sera from large groups of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Antibodies to human lactoferrin were detected by ELISA and by immunoblotting, using an extract of sonicated neutrophils as antigen source. Autoantibodies to lactoferrin were found in 29% of patients with UC, 13% of patients with CD, and 22% of patients with PSC. In inflammatory bowel diseases, the presence of anti-lactoferrin antibodies was not related to treatment, disease activity, duration of disease, or disease extent. In PSC, the presence of autoantibodies to lactoferrin did not correlate with duration of disease or the presence of cirrhosis. However, patients with PSC and coexistent UC had significantly more frequently antibodies to lactoferrin than PSC patients without IBD. In conclusion, autoantibodies to lactoferrin are a common feature of inflammatory bowel diseases and PSC. However, the clinical significance of those autoantibodies is limited as they lack sensitivity and specificity for those disorders. Future research should address the pathophysiological role of anti-lactoferrin ANCA and the influence of anti-lactoferrin ANCA binding on the functional properties of the lactoferrin molecule.
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PMID:Prevalence and clinical significance of anti-lactoferrin autoantibodies in inflammatory bowel diseases and primary sclerosing cholangitis. 978 75

PSC is the most common of the clinically significant hepatobiliary diseases seen in association with IBD, with an incidence that varies from 2.5% to 7.5%. Conversely, 50% to 75% of patients with PSC have IBD. This high degree of association suggests a common pathogenetic mechanism; however, no causal relationship has been established. The etiopathogenesis of PSC remains poorly understood, despite a large number of studies looking at differing hypotheses. The diagnosis is usually established by cholangiography. Liver biopsy can sometimes be helpful in diagnosing pericholangitis. There is a significant overlap of the histology with chronic hepatitis. Serum markers have been studied for diagnosing PSC, particularly for early diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma, but none have shown the high sensitivity and specificity needed to use them clinically. PSC usually progresses insidiously and eventually leads to cirrhosis. Despite progress in early recognition, optimal management of patients with PSC remains a challenge requiring a multidisciplinary approach among hepatologists, endoscopists, surgeons, and interventional radiologists. Colectomy for ulcerative colitis does not alter the natural history of PSC. There is a high (10% to 15%) incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with PSC. This incidence along with the risk of colon cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis makes it necessary to follow these patients closely. A number of pharmacologic therapies have been evaluated, but none has proven successful in slowing the progression of PSC or prolonging survival. Endoscopic therapy has a proven utility in treating complications of recurrent cholangitis or worsening jaundice in the setting of a dominant stricture, but endoscopy has not been shown to improve survival or decrease the need for liver transplantation. Liver transplantation is life-saving for patients with advanced PSC. Pericholangitis, gallstones, and chronic hepatitis are additional disorders noted in association with IBD, but they are much less common and easier to manage than PSC.
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PMID:Hepatobiliary manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. 1037 79

Pattern recognition of the long-term disease course before, during, and after pregnancy can provide us with data about the influence of pregnancy on IBD, and vice versa. Determinants that predict an indolent versus an aggressive disease course are currently being sought. Our intention is to analyze the disease course during pregnancy in an EU-IBD inception cohort of 1200 patients diagnosed from 1991 to 1993 and followed up for 10 years. We also attempt to evaluate such factors as smoking and medication and to predict pregnancy course and fertility in IBD as well as in a cross-sectional study of members of the patient organization EFCCA. One of the questions that arose was: what factor is responsible for the observation that pregnancy decreases the incidence of relapses and the development of fibrostenotic lesions? Relaxin and the glycoprotein YKL-40 are validated in the cohort. The protein relaxin, produced by the corpus luteum during pregnancy, increases the laxity of fibrous tissue. Collagen fibers are dissolved and disorganized. As maternal rejection of the fetus does not occur, a protein from the fetal lymphocytes most likely decreases the maternal lymphocyte response. Multiparity may lead to subtle, acquired immune deficits. Glycoprotein YKL-40, which causes fibrosis in RA and cirrhosis, is speculated to be lower in multiparous women than in nonpregnant women due to the fetal lymphocytes that secrete a protein that is a potential immune modulator. Knowledge gained from future EC-IBD studies may result in new legislation (e.g. regarding adoption) that can benefit IBD patients throughout Europe.
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PMID:Pregnancy, fertility, and disease course in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. 1096 10


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