Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Histiocytosis X describes a disease characterized by histiocytic infiltration of the reticuloendothelial system, skin, bones, and pituitary gland. The disseminated form frequently occurs in infants and children. Chemotherapy has significantly improved the prognosis in this disorder. Sixty-three per cent of survivors, however, have some residual disability related to fibrosis of tissues previously infiltrated by histiocytes. In instances of liver involvement, healing by fibrosis may result in cirrhosis with portal hypertension and bleeding esophageal varices. Clinical findings include hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, ascites, hypoalbuminemia, prolonged prothrombin time, and Bromsulphalein retention. Histologic examination of the liver shows a characteristic dense "macronodular" periportal cirrhotic pattern. Three children with portal hypertension and bleeding varices due to healed histiocytosis X were sucessfully managed by portosystemic shunt procedures. Portacaval, mesocaval, and central splenorenal shunts were equally effective in relieving poral hypertension. These children had neither recurrence of bleeding nor evidence of encephalopathy. Two children remain well whereas in one patient a primary hepatoma developed fourteen years posthung and he died of pulmonary metastases. Portosystemic shunt procedures effectively relieve the threat of potentially fatal variceal hemorrhage and improve the opportunity for long-term survival in children with cirrhosis and portal hypertension due to healed histiocytosis X.
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PMID:Portal hypertension in infants and children with histiocytosis X. 108 50

Spontaneous reversal of intra-hepatic portal flow in cirrhoses appears to be best demonstrated by arteriography, which shows a direct sign, i.e. retrograde opacification of intra-hepatic portal branches during selective hepate arteriography, and an indirect sign, i.e. the appearance of functional amputation of these same portal branches at the time of superior mesenteric venous return. Reversal of portal flow is sometimes complete (5 out of 15 cases), the flow being entirely away from the liver and sometimes incomplete (10 out of 15 cases), limited to the interior of the liver, portal flow then being bidirectional. Reflux of arterial blood in the intra-hepatic portal branches via the development of intra-hepatic arterioportal communications appears to be the determining factor in the reversal of portal flow in cirrhosis. The degree of portal flow away from the liver seems to depend essentially upon the extent of development of porto-caval anastomoses. Certain features suggest that there is a relationship between the development of the hepatic arterial circulation and that of the porto-caval anastomoses. These two elements which determine the degree of portl hypertension may mutually influence each other. This hypothesis is interesting in the context of understanding the haemodynamic abnormalities of advanced cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Spontaneous reversal of portal flow in cirrhosis. Angiographic study of 15 cases (author's transl)]. 117 93

In a number of 3,554 clinically manifest diabetics who were admitted for the treatment of metabolism or other diseases from 1967 to 1974 12.1 per cent of hepatopathies were found. In men the incidence was 15.2 per cent, in women 10.7 per cent. Among these the fatty degeneration of the liver (28.8 per cent) and the cirrhosis (17.4 per cent) were most frequent. Referred to the entirety the result was an incidence of cirrhosis of 2.1 per cent. The confirmation of the diagnosis is performed by biopsy and endoscopy in 92 per cent. In 60 per cent of the examined persons the diagnosis was unknown before admission. There was no correlation to the duration of the diabetes. In the number of patients there appeared above all persons older than 50 to 60 years. The following concomitant diseases occurred: hypertension (33 per cent), coronary diseases (32 per cent), pyelonephritis (17 per cent) and adiposity (13 per cent).
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PMID:[Liver diseases in diabetes mellitus]. 119 48

Nilvadipine is absorbed rapidly and completely and its absolute bioavailability is about 14-19% because of its high first-pass metabolism. Maximum plasma levels and the extent of bioavailability increase proportionally with the dose. Nilvadipine is mainly excreted via the kidney as inactive metabolites. Slow tissue redistribution is probably the reason for the terminal elimination half-life of 15-20 h. There was a good correlation between the estimated tissue concentration and the reduction in blood pressure in patients. The use of the sustained-release pellet formulation can prevent plasma level peaks and thereby lessen the typical side effects of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. The pharmacokinetics of nilvadipine were not affected by impaired renal function, and although the bioavailability was increased in liver cirrhosis, there was no accumulation after repeated doses. There was no effect on plasma digoxin levels. The plasma concentration of nilvadipine can be affected by either activation or inhibition of the cytochrome P450 system. The use of a sustained-release once-a-day formulation to lower the peaks in plasma levels along with nilvadipine's long terminal half-life means that this well-tolerated pharmaceutical formulation can be employed in clinical trials for the treatment of hypertension and expected to work over 24 h.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of nilvadipine. 128 85

The association of liver cirrhosis with arterial essential hypertension has been previously described. The present study extends the previous reports by investigating the hormonal relationships that may occur in patients with established essential hypertension associated to liver cirrhosis. We studied the renin-angiotensin, the adrenergic systems and other vasoactive hormones such as arginine-vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide, endothelin and parathyroid hormone in cirrhotic patients with and without essential hypertension. The data suggested that the coincidence of arterial hypertension in cirrhotic patients was characterized by the following findings: a decreased renin-angiotensin activity; a reduced systemic vasodilatation; an increased peripheral pressor effect of vasoactive hormones and an increased effective blood volume.
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PMID:Hormonal aspects of the relation of liver cirrhosis to essential hypertension. 139 76

The hemospermia is first of inflammatory origin, in the young, where it is due to urethro-prostatitis or orchio-epididymitis, in the old, to benign or malignant prostatic tumours. In 30-70% of the cases it is idiopathic. It can be connected with a prolonged sexual abstinence or with intense sexual activity. Predisposing diseases are prostatitis, epididymitis, urinary stones, gonorrhea, syphilis, tuberculosis, cirrhosis of the liver, blood hypertension, haematologic diseases. Our casistics, 60 patients in 4 years (1987-1990), has showed the hemospermia as isolated episode in 20% of the cases, in 35% associated with urologic symptoms. Juvenile forms, connected with urethro-prostatitis, are often associated with the echographic presence of periurethral calcifications or to a swelling of the seminal vesicles. In 8 patients, the hemospermia was recurrent, and due to a prostatic tumour. In 2 patients, with recurrent hemospermia, a urogenital tuberculosis has been detected.
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PMID:[Hemospermia: cause, clinical significance and our experience]. 148 85

We report two cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAHT) in HIV infected patients who never were, or had ceased to be, drug addicts. A study of these cases and a review of the literature show that this association is not fortuitous and persists after the classical causes of PAHT (pulmonary embolism, toxic factors, cirrhosis) have been excluded. The clinical features and the results of complementary cardiovascular examinations are identical with those of the so-called "primary" PAHT. The prognosis is severe: 50 percent of the patients died of the consequences of PAHT 1 year after the first clinical signs. Histology displays signs of plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy, as in primary PAHT. In HIV patients pulmonary arterial hypertension occurs independently of the degree of immunodeficiency. Its relation with other HIV-related vasculites and their physiopathology are discussed.
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PMID:["Primary" pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with HIV infection. Two cases]. 153 6

The aim of this study was to compare the causes of death and parameters related to alcohol consumption, between subjects diagnosed as diabetic, clinically by their general practitioner, or glucose intolerant and in particular as diabetic, using the epidemiological criteria of an abnormal glucose level following an oral glucose tolerance test. The subjects in this study were 7035 working men, aged between 44 and 55 years, who attended the first follow-up examination of the Paris Prospective Study, between 1968 and 1973. They were classified as 'clinically diagnosed diabetic' or, following an oral glucose tolerance test and the World Health Organisation criteria, as having 'oral glucose tolerance test diagnosed diabetes', impaired glucose tolerance or normoglycaemia. The relative risk of death by cirrhosis, in comparison with the normoglycaemic group, was 21 (95% confidence interval: 9.1-49) in the group diagnosed diabetic by the oral glucose tolerance test, significantly different (p less than 0.02) from the group diagnosed diabetic clinically 3.1 (0.41-24); factors indicative of excessive alcohol consumption at baseline differed accordingly. In contrast, the relative risks for death by coronary heart disease were similar, 2.1 (1.0-4.1) and 2.7 (1.4-5.4) respectively; all of the factors defining the insulin resistance 'Syndrome X' (hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and also central obesity) and predictive of coronary heart disease were elevated in both groups of diabetic subjects. 'Diabetes', as diagnosed by the oral glucose tolerance test, might be the consequence of excessive alcohol consumption which could lead to insulin resistance, then to coronary heart disease, as well as to alcohol-related diseases.
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PMID:Cardiovascular and alcohol-related deaths in abnormal glucose tolerant and diabetic subjects. 154 80

Drug-induced hypokalaemia is a widespread problem in the elderly that can be caused by many therapeutically useful substances, the most common of which are diuretics. In certain classes of patients (e.g. those with acute myocardial infarction, with congestive heart failure receiving digitalis, or with cirrhosis), iatrogenic hypokalaemia is an established risk factor. In patients with hypertension who have no underlying heart disease or liver disease, the use of diuretics may lead to worsened glucose tolerance and cardiac arrhythmias. There is also evidence for an increased risk of sudden cardiac death.
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PMID:Drug-induced hypokalaemia. A cause for concern. 155 72

A diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis associated with an idiopathic hepatic cirrhosis occurred in a 79 years old man treated during five years with cyclothiazide and triamterene for a mild systemic hypertension. The outcome was fatal. A provocation test was positive with BAL lymphocytic reaction. Cyclothiazide induced fibrosis is likely.
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PMID:[Fibrosing pneumopathy induced by cyclothiazide. Apropos of a case]. 156 34


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