Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The concept of the "inappropriate" has a well-defined and easily comprehended meaning when applied to tumour secretion of antidiuretic hormone (A.D.H., vasopressin). When applied to high A.D.H. in other situations such as nephrotic syndrome, congestive cardiac failure, or cirrhosis, the use of the term "inappropriate secretion" simply reflects the fact that an easily measured controlling factor (plasma tonicity) is being overridden by a less easily measured one (effective extracellular volume). Similarly, sodium excretion in hypertension is said to be inappropriately low for the raised renal perfusion pressure: in this case inappropriateness results from the antinatriuretic effect of a minor degree of sodium depletion produced by pressure natriuresis. A similar objection can be made to the application of the term to the relations between renin or angiotensin-II concentrations and blood-pressure in some forms of hypertension. Since inappropriateness merely reflects the position and predilections of the observer, the widespread use of the term should be abandoned.
 ...
PMID:On the inappropriate in hypertension research. 7 8

Epidemiological, clinical pathological investigations concerning Balkan nephritis (BN) have revealed some particular aspects which define this condition as a distinct nosologic entity. Its endemic familial character and its occurrence restricted to some limited geographic areas in Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Romania, are highly unusual. BN leads to chronic impairment of the renal function which is, however, not constantly associated with edema and hypertension. The duration of the disease is prolonged; death takes place from uremia within five to ten years. Gross pathologic changes are consisting of severe bilateral atrophy of the kidneys, with structural changes suggesting a 'renal cirrhosis'. The etiology of the disease is obscure. Investigations carried out by means of electron microscopy and immunofluorescence tests are suggesting that the pathogenesis is rather complex. The role of a persistent tolerated or slow, latent virus infection in certain families, that of some toxic factors, and the implication of autoimmune mechanisms are to be considered.
 ...
PMID:Balkan nephritis. A synthetic view on 50 studied cases. 13 May 42

Plasma and 24-h urinary adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 12 normal subjects, 33 patients with six types of non-neoplastic disease (cholelithiasis, peptic ulcer, coronary heart disease, hypertension, regional ileitis, and cirrhosis), and 34 patients with five types of disseminated neoplastic disease (acute myelocytic leukemia; Hodgkin's disease; and metastatic cancer of the lung, colon, and breast). In patients with non-neoplastic disease, cyclic nucleotide values in plasma and urine did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05) from those in normal subjects. In patients with disseminated cancer, cyclic AMP values in plasma and urine likewise did not differ significantly from those in normal subjects. Plasma cyclic GMP, in contrast, was significantly elevated in all five types of cancer patients, and urinary cyclic GMP was significantly elevated (five times the normal mean) in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and Hodgkin's disease.
 ...
PMID:Plasma and urine cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate in disseminated cancer. 22 52

Following a mesocaval interposition shunt in three patients with cirrhosis of the liver, bleeding esophageal varices recurred in two and left sided portal hypertension partially persisted in one patient. Angiographic and pressure studies of the portal system demonstrated effective decompression of the greater splanchnic venous system but continued lesser splanchnic venous hypertension. Recurrent variceal hemorrhage ceased following splenectomy done as an emergency. In contrast to a standard portacaval shunt, it is suggested that after an interposition mesocaval shunt, altered jet streaming of mesenteric blood flow may divert gastrosplenic venous drainage away from the interposition shunt with persistence of lesser splanchnic venous hypertension. Recognition of this entity and of the need for splenectomy is advocated.
 ...
PMID:Left sided segmental portal hypertension following mesocaval interposition shunt. 30 66

The generally held views that plasma renin activity (PRA) is increased in cirrhosis and that this is secondary to reductions in the "effective" blood or extracellular fluid (ECF) volumes, consequent on the effects of portal hypertension, were re-examined in the present study. Measurements of PRA in 67 patients representing different clinical stages of cirrhosis showed that the mean value in 15 patients without ascites was significantly reduced. In 21 of 35 with ascites, PRA was either reduced or within the normal range. A low plasma renin substrate concentration was not the cause for the low PRA. These findings are not in keeping with the concepts of reduced "effective" blood or ECF volumes at least for the majority of patients at these stages of cirrhosis under the conditions of the present study. The only group showing a significantly increased PRA had evidence of renal impairment. In these 17 patients the underlying reduction in renal perfusion may have been the stimulus to the kidney that led to an increase to renin secretion.
Hypertension
PMID:Changes in plasma renin activity in cirrhosis: a reappraisal based on studies in 67 patients and "low-renin" cirrhosis. 39 38

The systematic pathological study of 500 patients with intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) [341 (68 P. 100) CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGES (C.H.); 119 (24 p. 100) meningeal hemorrhages (M.H.); 39 (7,8 p. 100) subdural hematomas (S.H.) and, at last, one extradural hematoma] has been practiced. Those cases were issued primarily from neurological and, at a lesser degree, from neurosurgical departments. Etiological data, complications, associated findings and causes of death have been analysed. High blood pressure is the main etiological factor in C.H. This is confirmed by the statistical comparison between the incidence of this factor in our material and in the whole French population. However, nearly 50 p. 100 of ICH occuring in normotensive patients are C.H. The incidence of cirrhosis is much higher in our study than in other reports from the literature. The frequently associated high blood pressure does not seem to enhance the incidence of CH in patients with liver cirrhosis. Although this last factor can be found alone, its real etiological importance in CH cannot be assessed on account of the lack of data concerning the incidence of liver cirrhosis in the French population. The incidence of anticoagulant therapy is high in S.H. On the contrary, this factor does not seem to enhance the risk of high blood pressure induced C.H. The traumatic etiology of S.H. is significantly higher than the anticoagulant therapy etiology which, however, is very high in our study.
 ...
PMID:[Neuropathological study of adult intracranial hemorrhage. General data in 500 cases]. 49 82

A study of 3451 cholesterol determinations in different diseases was carried out. The mean cholesterol levels for male and female adults and children with different diseases were compared with values for their healthy counterparts. Sickle cell anemia, leukemia, liver cirrhosis, hepatosplenomegaly, tuberculosis, and diabetic, nutritional, ataxic, and tropical neuropathies in male and female adults were associated with reduced cholesterol level while in children malnutrition and anemia were the main causes of low cholesterol levels. Obesity and hypertension caused an elevated level but the mean values were within the range for adult Nigerians in the high income group. Only nephrotic syndrome in both adult and children was associated with a markedly increased cholesterol level in Nigerians of low income status.
 ...
PMID:Serum cholesterol and diseases in Nigerians. 50 76

296 cases of delirium tremens treated in 1958-69 were analysed retrospectively. Forty-one patients died in delirium or shortly thereafter. In 72 by now dead patients cirrhosis of the liver was the most common cause of death. Of 68 patients re-examinated, 12 were now teetotallers and six had markedly reduced there intake. Fifty patients had continued drinking and most of them had signs of liver failure, one had hypertension and one also had a polyneuropathy. Those who were abstaining, as well as the patients with a favourable course,and most of them were married. Although the acute death-rate of delirium has been markedly reduced since the introduction of clomethiazole treatment, it remains high after discharge. In almost half of those who were still drinking there had been a slide downwards in their social status. Delirium tremens is almost always precipitated by alcohol withdrawal.
 ...
PMID:[Prognosis of alcoholic delirium (author's transl)]. 52 Jan 53

Extra-hepatic obstruction of the portal vein is a well known cause of hypertension in childhood and 55 out of the 97 patients (57 per cent) seen with this condition presented before they were 15 years old. However, nearly half our cases (43 per cent) presented in adult life. Haematemesis was the commonest mode of presentation in both the adult and childhood group although splenomegaly was common, especially in the children. The severity and frequency of haematemesis increased during puberty in the children. Twelve children and three adults have now not bled for between five and 30 years, 10 of them ceasing spontaneously and five following surgery. Intra-abdominal infection or septicaemia precipitated the portal venous obstruction in 38 patients (39 per cent), though the exact cause of such obstruction in patients who had no cirrhosis was obscure in about half the cases. Ascites was present in 18/51 (35 per cent) of the children and 24/35 (69 per cent) of the adults. Its presence was associated with an increased mortality (p less than 0.01). Nineteen out of 42 (45 per cent) patients with ascites also had portal-systemic encephalopathy. Twenty-four patients died, nine having presented during childhood, variceal haemorrhage was responsible for death in 19 and infection in five. Sixty-four patients underwent 114 operations for variceal haemorrhage. Mortality was greater in the surgical group compared with those managed conservatively. Surgery is therefore indicated only in the rare case where bleeding cannot be controlled by medical means.
 ...
PMID:The aetiology, presentation and natural history of extra-hepatic portal venous obstruction. 53 23

In 93 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and portal venous hypertension the main tributaries of the portal vein were examined by percutaneous transhepatic catheterization. The appearance and degree of porto-systemic collaterals were analysed. Esophageal varices were demonstrated in 82 patients. No correlation was found between the portal venous pressure and the extent of porto-systemic communications.
 ...
PMID:Porto-systemic collaterals in cirrhosis of the liver. Selective percutaneous transhepatic catheterization of the portal venous system in portal hypertension. 54 69


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>