Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypercholesterolemia was induced in rats by feeding them a high cholesterol olive oil diet. The livers were homogenized in modified Krebs-Ringer medium and centrifuged at 35,000 x g. The supernatants from livers of both hypercholesterolemic and normal rats were found to stimulate collagen synthesis in freshly isolated embryonic chick-tendon fibroblasts. However, this was significantly greater in the supernatants from fatty livers. The stimulating principle proceed to be dialyzable, non-lipid and heat-stable. There were at least two factors involved, the more effective of which was trypsin-sensitive, with a molecular weight below 2,000. The results suggest that a mediator is formed in the livers of hypercholesterolemic rats which might be responsible for the enhanced collagen synthesis of fibrotic processes vivo, e.g., in atherosclerosis and liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:Factors stimulating collagen synthesis from the livers of hypercholesterolemic rats. 94 25

One of five rhesus monkeys fed a diet deficient in choline and protein for 31 mo developed signs of cirrhosis at 26 mo. Five other monkeys were fed the same diet for 14 mo, at which time cholesterol comprising 2% of the diet was added. Three followed a sharp rise in hepatic lipids. One monkey developed marked hypercholesterolemia and showed signs of cirrhosis 2 mo after cholesterol supplementation. The findings indicate that the rhesus monkey is susceptible to choline-deficiency cirrhosis. They suggest that cholestrol supplementation accelerates this process.
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PMID:Cirrhosis of choline deficiency in the Rhesus Monkey. Possible role of dietary cholesterol (38541). 112 84

Small-diameter vascular grafts woven from bioresorbable lactide/glycolide copolymers have been successfully interposed into aortas of normal NZW rabbits. The current study examines the histologic and functional reactions to these bioresorbable grafts in severely hypercholesterolemic rabbits, a standard animal model of atherosclerosis. Sixty rabbits were placed on a 2% cholesterol, 6% peanut oil atherogenic diet. Baseline serum cholesterols and triglycerides were measured and repeated at operation 3 months later. Woven polyglactin 910 (PG910) grafts were interposed into infrarenal aortas. Fifty-two rabbits died on the diet or within 3 days of surgery and eight survived operation (normal NZW rabbit operative mortality is less than 10%). Cholesterol levels rose from 63 to 1989, p less than .001. Of the eight survivors, five died after 3 weeks, and one died after 2 1/2 months. Two were sacrificed at 2 and 4 months. Four aortic disruptions with retroperitoneal hematomas, one pseudoaneurysm, and one diffuse aneurysm were observed, greater than in normal rabbits, p less than .001. Inspection revealed severe atherosclerosis. Histologically, 3-week explants showed only small areas of neointima with myofibroblasts and endothelial cells; the outer capsules were infiltrated by lipid-laden macrophages. Graft material in 2- to 4-month explants was replaced by tissue with histologic atherosclerosis. More severe atherosclerosis was observed in native aortas at the perianastomotic areas than the more distant aortic segments. Abundant intracellular lipid was seen also in splenic histiocytes and hepatic cells with evidence of micronodular cirrhosis. Macrophages phagocytizing bioresorbable prostheses may release growth factors mediating the formation of a cellular tissue conduit. Severe hypercholesterolemia may alter monokine release from macrophages resulting in a weakened prosthesis/tissue complex.
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PMID:Effects of hypercholesterolemia on healing of vascular grafts. 191 76

Cholesterol ester storage disease is a rare disorder characterized by an hereditary deficiency of lysosomal acid lipase that induces an accumulation of cholesterol ester in most tissues of the body, particularly in liver. The diagnosis is usually made during childhood. The aim of this article is to report two new cases diagnosed in adult age. Two patients, 25 and 20 years old, respectively, presented with hepatomegaly, a slight to moderate increase in serum transaminases, and esophageal varices. In both cases, diagnosis was based on the presence of hypercholesterolemia, fatty infiltration of the liver with lipid droplets in hepatic parenchymal cells, foamy macrophages, hepatic storage of cholesterol esters, and low activity of lysosomal acid lipase. Histological abnormalities were associated with portal and periportal fibrosis in one patient and a micronodular cirrhosis in the other; these lesions were probably the cause of portal hypertension. Fibrosis of varied degrees has been previously reported in cholesterol ester storage disease. Its mechanism remains unclear.
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PMID:[Hepatic cholesterol ester storage disease. Two new cases diagnosed in adults]. 207 Sep 66

Plethoryl is a combination of triatricol, cyclovalone and vitamin A normally prescribed in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. Four cases of side-effects most probably caused by this product are reported. They include: 1) a case of common acute hepatitis, 23 cases of which have already been published, with aggravation and reduced time-lapse after reintroduction; 2) a case of clinically silent but biochemically classical hepatitis; 3) a case of cirrhosis due to vitamin A toxicity; 4) a case of inflammatory arthralgias recurring after the same time-lag when the drug was reintroduced despite double doses and without clinical evidence of hepatitis. The last three side-effects have never been previously reported. The adverse reactions to Plethoryl almost always occur in the unofficial indications of the product, notably in the "treatment" of obesity.
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PMID:[Probable side effects caused by plethoryl. Common acute hepatitis, anicteric hepatitis, cirrhosis due to hypervitaminosis A, inflammatory arthralgias]. 252 55

It is known that chronic alcoholics and type II diabetics show hyperlipidemia, characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and in a minor degree by hypercholesterolemia. The mechanisms underlying the effect of ethanol and carbohydrates on plasma lipids seem to be different; therefore in diabetic subjects chronic alcohol consumption could produce a more severe hyperlipidemia and so accelerate atherosclerotic events. In order to verify it we have measured plasma cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides and investigated the presence of micro- and macroangiopathy in two groups of non-insulin-dependent diabetics, differing each other for daily alcohol intake (18 chronic male alcoholics and 30 male subjects consuming respectively more than 150 g and less than 50 g of alcohol daily). In alcoholics, no clinical features, laboratory and echographic findings of cirrhosis and pancreatic disease were present. In order to avoid a possible interference of other factors on the metabolism of plasma lipids, in our study patients were selected with the following criteria: 1) only male subjects; 2) age 40-60 years; 3) nonsmokers; 4) moderate coffee drinkers; 5) average physical activity; 6) with BMI less than 28; 7) in good diabetic control (HbA1c less than 6%, n.v. 4.4%-5.6%); 8) normal kidney function (plasma creatinine less than 1.3 mg%) and 24 hr proteinuria absent;) 9) in treatment with diet alone or diet plus low doses of sulphonylureas or biguanides. The data were analyzed by Student's "t" and chi-squared tests. No significant differences could be detected (alcoholics/occasional drinkers, means +/- 1 SD) either in the plasma levels of cholesterol (181.7 +2- 39.3/198.2 +/- 32.5), HDL-cholesterol (43.4 +/- 12.7/38.5 +/- 11.9), and triglycerides (105.5 +/- 56.4/159.7 +/- 114.8) and in the frequency of micro (22.2%/16.6%) and macroangiopathy (16.6%/26.6%) between the two studied groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on blood lipid levels and angiopathy in diabetics]. 274 71

In long-term and short-term experiments with Mongolian gerbils the effects of various dietary fats and different amounts of cholesterol on progeniture and liver pathology were studied. In contrast to palm kernel oil, with 8.75% (w/w) of sunflower seed oil we observed fewer litters and a decreased survival of the sucklings. On 0.2% of cholesterol we observed severe hypercholesterolemia and storage of cholesterol ester in the liver, ultimately leading to cirrhosis. On 0.05% for 6 months the gerbils stayed in good health. Progeniture was unaffected on this level of intake.
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PMID:Long-term and short-term effects of dietary cholesterol and fats in the Mongolian gerbil. 319 85

1000 consecutive blood donors had their liver functions studied. 110 donors (11%) were found to have raised ALT of more than twice normal levels. 29 donors had liver biopsies done. Histologically 23 had fatty change, 5 had chronic persistent hepatitis and 1 had liver cirrhosis. Fourteen out of the 23 donors with fatty change also had hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Viral serology of the 110 donors showed that 3 donors were HBsAg positive, 5 donors were Anti-HAV (IgM) positive and 20 donors were Anti-HBc (IgM) positive. Majority of donors with raised ALT had fatty liver on biopsy with only 6 donors having significant findings of chronic persistent hepatitis and cirrhosis. Serologically, most of the donors (74.5%) with raised ALT had no markers of Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, CMV or EBV. An interesting finding is the high incidence (18%) of positive, Anti HBc (IgM) in donors with raised ALT.
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PMID:Liver disease in blood donors with raised transaminases. 375 95

Excessive alcohol ingestion results in profound derangements of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, reflecting the effects of ethanol on peripheral and hepatic lipid metabolism and its toxic effects on hepatic function. The alterations in plasma lipids and lipoproteins are secondary to complex abnormalities of lipoprotein synthesis, secretion and catabolism. The major effects of alcohol include fatty liver secondary to excessive triglyceride synthesis, resulting in an imbalance between synthesis and hepatic secretion; hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia; defective plasma cholesterol esterification; and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, the plasma lipoproteins have an abnormal structure and apoprotein composition. Although these changes are usually reversible with abstinence from alcohol (if liver function returns to normal), they indicate serious effects of alcohol on the liver, which may culminate in cirrhosis and hepatic insufficiency. These effects of alcohol on lipids and lipoproteins should be contrasted with the elevation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration produced by moderate alcohol intake and the possibility that this increase may protect against the development of atherosclerotic disease.
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PMID:Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in alcoholic liver disease. 702 Sep 88

We describe a 33-yr-old pregnant woman in whom a primary biliary cirrhosis-like syndrome developed after 2 wk of chlorpromazine therapy. The clinical course was characterized by severe jaundice lasting 22 mo, intense pruritus, fever, steatorrhea, high alkaline phosphatase levels and hypercholesterolemia. Jaundice resolved with initiation of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy, but subclinical cholestasis and low-level inflammatory activity persisted and ultimately evolved into biliary cirrhosis. The pathological substrate of this severe and prolonged cholestatic reaction was found to be the vanishing bile duct syndrome with a marked transient pseudoxanthomatosis.
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PMID:Chlorpromazine-induced vanishing bile duct syndrome leading to biliary cirrhosis. 798 42


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