Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study of 221 patients revealed that detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBS Ag) was found in 16.3% of 49 patients who had hepatoma associated with cirrhosis. None of the 8 hepatoma patients without cirrhosis had detectable HBS Ag in the serum. When known causes of cirrhosis were excluded, HBS Ag was present in 18% of 22 patients. Positive alpha-1-fetoprotein (AFP) was found in 25 of 49 cases (51%) of hepatoma with cirrhosis but was found only in 1 of 8 cases (12.5%) of hepatoma without cirrhosis. Of 25 patients whose AFP was positive, HBS Ag was also present in 7. The latter was detected in only 1 of 24 patients in whom AFP was not detected. This study suggests that HBS Ag is closely associated with hepatomas in cirrhotic patients but not in noncirrhotic patients with hepatoma.
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PMID:Relationship of hepatitis B antigen in cirrhosis and hepatoma in Thailand. An etiological significance. 4 28

Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 473 patients with biopsy-proved noneoplastic hepatic disorders; 22% had values greater than 40 ng/ml, whereas only 1 of 350 patients with nonhepatic benign diseases had a value greater than this. Levels exceeded 40 ng/ml in more than 30% of patients with various types of hepatitis, and in 0% to 15% with inactive postnecrotic cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, biliary tract obstruction, and alcoholic liver disease. Values greater than 500 mg/ml were observed solely in viral subacute hepatic necrois. Only one patient had a level exceeding 3,000 ng/ml, the concentration at which alpha-fetoprotein is detectable by agar-gel diffusion. Of 75 patients with hepatoma, serum alpha-fetoprotein levels exceeded 40 ng/ml in 69%, and exceeded 3,000 ng/ml in 48%. These studies indicate that serum alpha-fetoprotein levels are elevated in several nonneoplastic hepatic disorders when a sensitive assay is used; this phenomenon may reflect hepatic regeneration.
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PMID:alpha-fetoprotein in noneoplastic hepatic disorders. 4 62

The sera from 89 patients from the Eastern Higlands of Papua New Guinea, all with histologically diagnosed liver disease, were tested for Hepatitis B Antigen (HB Ag) and Hepatitis B antibody (HB Ab) and alpha1 fetoprotein (AFP) by a variety of techniques which included radioimmunoassay. In the three main forms of liver disease, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatoma, HB Ag was found with a higher frequency than in patients with non specific liver disease. The frequency of HB Ab was decreased in cirrhosis and hepatoma. AFP was detected in all hepatoma patients by radioimmunoassay, levels being very high in most subjects. In hepatitis, cirrhosis and non specific liver disease, elevated levels of AFP were again frequently present, but at generally lower levels. It is conlcuded that HB Ag and AFP frequency and levels in liver disease are similar to those reported from other tropical countries. Further study is required to elicit the cellular immunological changes in liver disease.
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PMID:Hepatitis B antigen, alpha1 fetoprotein and liver disease in the eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea. 4 12

Five cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in whom diagnosis was made when the tumor was relatively small, are described. In 2 cases, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) strted to rise sharply, which enabled early detection and surgical removal of the tumor. Serum AFP was below 100 ng per ml, but above the upper normal limit by radioimmunoassay, and was unfluctuating for a considerable period of time before it began to rise in 2 cases. It was negative throughout in 1 case, who lived more than 4 years after the tumor had reached a detectable size. In 4 of 5 cases, the tumor seemed to have evolved during a stage of chronic hepatitis or its transition to cirrhosis. In 1 case with chronic schistosomiasis and advanced mixed macro- and micronodular cirrhosis, a 1.5-cm tumor was detected by celiac angiography. These observations on time relationship of oncogenesis may be generalized to modify the cirrhotic liver. Necessity is emphasized for the early detection of this type of carcinoma to monitor serum AFP in chronic hepatitis patients, particularly in those with unfluctuating, mildly abnormal levels of AFP.
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PMID:Clinical observations during a relatively early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma, with special reference to serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. 5 Feb 51

The frequency distribution of HBs Ag in different parts of the world reveals a relatively high frequency among healthy members of population groups inhabiting areas of high incidence of liver cell carcinoma. Similar high frequencies of HBs Ag are also found in those areas where macronodular cirrhosis is relatively common and is usually complicated by liver cell carcinoma. In geographic areas with low incidence of liver cell carcinoma and macronodular cirrhosis, a relatively low frequency of HBs Ag is usually encountered in the population. The frequency of HBs Ag is relatively higher in patients with liver cell carcinoma with or without cirrhosis than in comparable controls. The subtypes of the antigen do not correlate with the incidence of liver cell carcinoma and there is also no correlation between alpha fetoprotein and HBs Ag in the presence of liver cell carcinoma. HBs Ag is very rarely detected in patients with micronodular cirrhosis or in liver cell carcinoma which may be its complication. It would appear that HBs Ag is necrogenic in the liver and is capable of producing hepatic necroses or hepatitis which may progress to macronodular cirrhosis. The areas of hepatic necroses may either progress to liver cell carcinoma or the resultant macronodular cirrhosis may be complicated by carcinoma. The oncogenic potential of HBs Ag requires further studies.
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PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigen and liver cell carcinoma. 5 11

Blood from 394 unselected autopsy cases was examined for HB Ag, HB Ab and AFP. Liver morphology of 71 cases of cirrhosis with hepatoma and 32 cases of cirrhosis without hepatoma was studied in detail and correlated to HB Ag, HB Ab, and AFP. Significantly lowered humoral immunity to HB Ag exposure was established for the cirrhosis with hepatoma cases. The exposure rate for both cirrhosis cases with hepatoma and cirrhosis cases without hepatoma was the same (48%), but about 80% of each exposed group were either HB Ag or HB Ab positive. The cirrhosis with hepatoma group tended to be HB Ag positive and the cirrhosis without hepatoma group tended to be HB Ab positive. The lowered immune response seems to be specific to the hepatoma association, because the group with neoplasms other than the hepatoma reacted exactly the same as the group of the cirrhosis without hepatoma. Twenty-five per cent of the cirrhosis with hepatoma were associated with inactive cirrhosis and 75% were associated with active cirrhosis. Seventy-two per cent of the inactive cirrhosis cases with hepatoma were exposed to HB Ag, but only 42% of the active cirrhosis cases with hepatoma were exposed to HB Ag. On the morphological basis, the inactive cirrhosis was interpreted as an impaired cellular immunity and the active cirrhosis as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. The possibility was discussed that both are important factors in the development of hepatoma preceded by cirrhosis. AFP tends to be positive in the inactive cirrhosis with hepatoma as well as HB Ag, but the relationship between AFP and HB Ag for hepatocarcinogenesis needs further investigation.
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PMID:Alpha-Fetoprotein and hepatitis B antigen in hepatocarcinogenesis. 5 18

(1) Passive hemagglutination and radioimmunoassay are suitable methods for the detection of AFP in the low concentration range. (2) In 3.72% of the cases a clinically unknown carcinoma was found in an unselected group of patients with liver cirrhosis. (3) 21.9% of the patients showed AFP elevations up to 2000 ng/ml. In 10.6% of this group, increasing titers demonstrated a primary liver cell carcinoma. In 89.4% a transitory rise of AFP was not associated with tumor growth. Levels return to normal values within three months in 90% of the cases. (4) Transitory AFP elevations are not correlated to clinical conditions (praecoma, coma, delirium, bleeding, ascites, shunt) or to biochemical parameters (GOT, GPT, bilirubin, prothrombin complex time, gamma-globulin). (5) A temporary rise in AFP is more frequently observed in groups with high hepatoma incidence than in groups with low hepatoma incidence. (6) Therefore, it may be suggested that a transitory rise of AFP could reflect a "primary reaction" of carcinogenesis. (7) Primary liver cell carcinoma is found to be more frequent in posthepatitic than in postalcoholic, cryptogenic, and other cirrhosis and to be more frequent in australia-antigen positive than in australia-antigen negative cases. (8) Routine serological tumor antigen screening of patients with a precancerous disease is useful.
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PMID:Early detection of hepatoma: prospective study in liver cirrhosis using passive hemagglutination and the radioimmunoassay. 5 21

Blood and liver from 44 and 30 patients, died in cirrhosis and other diseases, respectively were tested for the presence of HBSAg. Blood samples obtained at autopsy and in seven cirrhosis cases also before death were tested for HBSAg by counter-electrophoresis. Detection of HBSAg in hepatocytes was carried out in paraffin sections by the modified orcein staining technique of Shikata et al. Ten of 14 HBSAg seropositive and 2 of 30 HBSAg seronegative cirrhotic patients had orcein positive hepatocytes, which were not found in any liver specimen from the 30 non-cirrhotic seronegative patients. The orcein positive substance localized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, less often it was also seen in a few Kupffer cells. The hepatocellular carcinoma cells present in part of the livers studied did not contain any orcein positive substance. Histological changes in the cirrhotic livers showed morphological indication of the presence of HBSAg, except on staining with orcein. The modified orcein staining technique is a simple, handy procedure for use in any routine pathological laboratory and has the additional advantage of detecting HBSAg also in stored paraffin blocks.
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PMID:Demonstration of hepatitis B surface antigen by orcein staining in paraffin sections of cirrhotic liver. 5 4

The plasma level of alpha1-fetoprotein in 35 hepatic patients with a "cold" area showed by liver scanning has been detected by means of the radioimmunoassay technique. High levels (more than 320 ng/ml) of AFP were found in 4 cases of primary carcinoma of the liver; low concentration of AFP was found in 1 case of hepatoma. In 4 cases of liver metastasis the plasma levels of AFP were very low; the highest concentration (10 ng/ml) was found in a patient with a cancer of the colon. Low levels of AFP were found in all the cases (26) of hepatic cirrhosis, whereas high level of AFP was detected in 1 case of chronic hepatitis. The detection of alpha1-fetoprotein by the radioimmunoassay technique may be of value in the differential diagnosis between hepatoma and cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Radioimmunologic determination of alpha fetoprotein in diagnosis of primary tumors of the liver]. 5 25

A radioimmunoassay method was used for the detection of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in the sera of 112 Papua New Guinean patients who had undergone liver biopsy. Sera from 69 normal subjects and 20 hospital patients were also tested. Alpha fetoprotein was found to be elevated above normal levels in many of these subjects, but particularly in those suffering from viral hepatitis, cirrhosis and primary liver cell carcinoma (PLC). The highest values were found in patients with PLC. It is concluded that because of the elevation of AFP values in all these different types of liver disease the RIA test is not of great value in Papua New Guinea, except in the follow-up of some patients with cirrhosis who are at risk of developing PLC and in those who have undergone treatment for PLC.
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PMID:Alpha fetoprotein in liver disease in Papua New Guinea. 6 51


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