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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liver protocallagen proline hydroxylase activity (PPH activity) was determined in patients with various liver diseases, CCl4-induced liver fibrosis rats and cholin deficiency (tcd) fatty liver rats. The following results were obtained: Liver PPH activity in patients with chronic hepatitis was higher than that in patients with acute hepatitis, while the activity in patients with liver cirrhosis was much higher than that in patients with chronic hepatitis. The activity was higher in patients with chronic active hepatitis than in those with chronic inactive hepatitis. Patients with active and progressive liver cirrhosis were found to have an especially high PPH activity, in whom the activity reflected well the degree of liver fibrosis. Even though fibrosis in persistent hepatitis was almost negligible or slight, the degree of liver PPH activity in persistent hepatitis was similar to that in liver cirrhosis. Liver PPH activities in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis rats and CD fatty liver rats elevated proportionally to the lapse of time. Whilst liver PPH activity in rats of CD fatty liver without fibrosis in 23 to 31 weeks after the start of the experiment was slightly lower than that in rats of CD fatty liver with fibrosis. But liver PPH activity of the former was considerably higher than that of control rats.
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PMID:Liver protocollagen proline hydroxylase in human liver diseases and experimental liver fibrosis. 19 57

Hepatic fibrosis may result from collapse after hepatocellular necrosis or from new formation of connective tissue. Fibroplasia, particularly within the lobular parenchyma, is a dynamic process. Newer cellular and biochemical investigations clarified its various steps. The process begins with stimulation of cells to connective tissue formation and can be divided into (1) intracellular synthesis, (2) extracellular maturation, and (3) collagen breakdown. The turnover of the connective tissue in the liver is conspicuously increased in chronic hepatitis of any type, as indicated by an elevation of several cellular and metabolic parameters. They are particularly raised in chronic hepatitis and in alcoholic liver injury. Further development of these parameters in the future should facilitate the analysis of the dynamics of fibroplasia. The strongest stimuli for hepatic fibroplasia are hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation, but ethyl alcohol and steatosis are also stimulating, though to a lesser degree. This explains the particular elevation of the fibroplastic parameters in alcoholic hepatitis. It points, however, also to the possibility that cirrhosis might develop without significant hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation. Perihepatocellular, periductular, and septal fibrosis are the functionally most important localizations leading to additional hepatic injury. The initiation of these types of fibrosis by liver injury points to a vicious circle. Specific anti-fibroplastic therapy is still in infancy.
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PMID:[Hepatic fibrosis--mechanism, dynamics and clinical consequences (author's transl)]. 20 39

Immunologic diseases of the liver are exogenous mostly initiated by virus or endogenous initiated by autoaggression. All virus-induced kinds of hepatitis are due to an immune response against inocculated hepatocytes. Therefore the hepatitis is limited to the period of complete elimination of virus-infected cells. A strong immune response therefore corresponds with an acute and short hepatitis whilest a weak immune response develops a chronic hepatitis. In contrast, autoimmune hepatitis based on a disorder of the immune system with some genetic background is always unlimited. Each cirrhosis developing from immunologic hepatitis is also an immunologic disease; a special variant is the autoimmune primary biliary cirrhosis. All in all, the number of immunologic liver diseases surmounts the remaining liver diseases due to intoxication of metabolic disorders.
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PMID:[Hepatology and immunology]. 20 95

The pathology of the liver in 19 cases of malabsorption is reported. Five of these were proven to have adult coeliac disease, in the others that diagnosis was presumed by exclusion of other causes of malabsorption and by the coincidence of other conditions known to be associated with coeliac disease. Of these cases, three had liver changes of chronic hepatitis and two of these were in the proven coeliac group, including a case with cirrhosis and a hepatoma. In addition, less severe liver changes such as portal tract fibrosis and portal tract infiltration by inflammatory cells were present greatly in excess to that of the controls. The reasons for the occurrence of liver damage in coeliac disease are outlined and discussed in relation to the liver disorders associated with jejunoileal bypass used in the treatment of obesity. Possible mechanisms of liver injury in coeliac disease are described.
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PMID:The liver in coeliac disease. 21 Jan 3

Numerous cases of chronic hepatitis have been shown to be closely associated with persistent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). A group of 100 patients suffering from chronic active hepatitis (CAH) was investigated for HBV serologic markers. Of these, 35 patients were HbsAg-positive; in 26 HBsAg-negative subjects, anti-HBc were detected using counterimmune electrophoresis and complement-fixation tests. These data suggest that chronic liver disease in patients who were only anti-HBc-positive might be related to persistent infection with hepatitis B virus. Epidemiological clinical and histopathological data were different when we compared CAH patients who were HBsAg-negative, but anti-HBc-positive, with HBsAg-positive CAH patients. A sequence is proposed leading from HBsAg-positive to HBsAg-negative CAH, cirrhosis, and hepatoma in temperate areas, according to a model similar to the one described in intertropical Africa.
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PMID:HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis related to hepatitis B virus. 21 84

Three hundred and eighty-five patients mostly with chronic liver diseases and 729 apparently healthy adults were studied for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with reversed passive hemagglutination and antibody (anti-HBs) with passive hemagglutination. In healthy adults around 15% was HBsAg positive and in 45% was anti-HBs positive, estimating hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in nearly two thirds of the population. The infection already occurred before adulthood. The prevalences of HBsAg were invariably over 80% in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma) indicating an intimate relationship to HBV. On the contrary, the positive rates of anti-HBs in these diseases were far lower than those in healthy people and patients with other diseases, this is similar to the situation in chronic HBsAg carriers. The prevalence of HBsAg in hepatoma patients was unusually high, being 82.7% in contrast to 11.9% in patients with other malignancies. Not only hepatoma patients with cirrhosis but also those without cirrhosis were found to have high prevalence of HBsAg. The fact indicates an even more intimate relationship between hepatoma and HBV.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus infection and chronic liver disease in Taiwan. 21 87

The plasma concentrations of estrogens as well as their relationship to testosterone are determined in male patients suffering from fatty liver, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. By stimulation and suppresion tests the contribution of the adrenal gland and the testes to the elevated estrogens are investigated, demonstrating that enhanced peripheral conversion of androgens to estrone rather than to estradiol appears to be more effective in sustaining plasma levels in hepatic cirrhosis. Futhermore, the effect of testosterone application was studied in male patients with alcohol-induced cirrhosis of the liver in order to realize possible side-effects of an androgenic substitution therapy. It is concluded that clinical signs of hyper-estrogensim and hypoandrogenism in male patients with hepatic cirrhosis may in part be attributed to the increase of estrogens and the decrease of total and free testosterone, as is best shown by the ration of the heterosexual hormones which are grossly shifted in favour of the estrogens.
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PMID:Plasma-estrogens and liver cirrhosis. 22 6

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), mitochondrial GOT (GOTm), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were determined in 43 healthy controls and in 280 cases of liver diseases. A simplified column chromatographic method coupled with UV assay was employed for separation of GOTm. The activity was measured by following decrease in abosrbance of NADH at 340 nm. The lowest activity of GOTm determined with a coefficient of variation below 10% was 6 mIU/ml. High GOTm activities were found in acute hepatitis (acute stage), subacute hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis and were generally associated with high total GOT (GOTt) activities. The activity ratio of GOTm/GOTt varied depending on the stage and severity of liver diseases. The GOTm/GOTt ratio was decreased in acute, fulminant and subacute hepatitides. No significant reduction in the ratio was found in bile duct obstruction, alcoholic liver injury or metastatic liver cancer. Although relatively high GOTm/GOTt ratios were found in some patients with severe hepatic injury, they had no definite association with poor prognosis. These results indicate that the marked elevation in GOTt over GPT in advanced chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary hepatoma was mainly due to preferential leakage of cytoplasmic GOT (GOTs).
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PMID:The mechanism of the release of hepatic enzymes in various liver diseases. 1. Alterations in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzyme activities in serum. 22 31

A retrospective study has been performed in 149 subjects with present or past HBs antigenemia. The group consisted of 8 asymptomatic carriers, 90 with acute hepatitis, 7 with fulminating hepatitis, 27 with chronic hepatitis, 16 with cirrhosis and 1 with hepatoma. The changes from one clinical condition to another, the sources of infection, the percentage of acute hepatitis in the history of chronic hepatitis cases and the working capacity an average of two years after the infection were studied. HBe antigen and the corresponding antibody were detected by immunodiffusion and the results compared with the clinical course.
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PMID:[Retrospective study of 149 cases of hepatitis B virus infections. Study of markers and of evolution]. 22 49

The plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase was determined in patients with various liver diseases and the relationship between this enzyme activity and the other liver function tests were studied including long term observations. Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in fulminant hepatitis and liver cirrhosis showed a significant decrease in comparison with normal volunteers. Although the enzyme activity of hepatoma showed significant decrease, they were ascribed to the influence of concomitant liver cirrhosis. The enzyme activity showed insignificant changes in the acute and chronic hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease. Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity was correlated with the concentration of cholesterolester rather than with the ratio of esters to cholesterol. In addition, it was well correlated with pseudocholine esterase and serum albumin. The lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in the cases during follow-up period varied in good parallel with cholesterol-esters concentration and pseudocholine esterase in the cases with acute hepatitis; with serum albumin in the cases with liver cirrhosis. Furthermore, it varied inversely with SGPT in the cases with acute hepatitis. In a case with hepatoma, lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity decreased more sharply than the cholesterolesters concentration and serum albumin immediately before death.
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PMID:Plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in liver disease. 23 Sep 93


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