Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Paraffin-embedded sections of liver biopsies from 65 patients and 16 autopsies were stained by a modified orcein method as described by Shikata, to appraise the efficacy of the method in detecting hepatitis B antigen, (HGsAg). Of the liver biopsies from patients with chronic hepatitis, 55% were positively stained. Staining was observed in the cytoplasm of liver cells but was frequently irregular in distribution. The technic is simple and may be used for evaluation of fresh or stored liver. The positive stain is of value in the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis with minimal or absent histologic changes, as well as the distinction of chronic from acute hepatic disease. The method may be useful for detecting asymptomatic carriers. However, weak positive staining of hepatic parenchyma should be evaluated with caution when serologic tests for HBsAg are negative. It may warrant repeated serologic testing. Evaluation of stored autopsy material suggests that Shikata's stain may also be used in determining the etiology of cirrhosis. Inclusion bodies seen in hepatomas stain positively with orcein, suggesting that they contain, or are related to, HBsAg.
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PMID:Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen by means of orcein staining of liver. 6 13

The clinical features of 57 autopsied cases of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma including 28 cases of the peripheral type (cholangiocarcinoma in the narrow sense) and 29 cases of the hilar type are described in comparison with those of hepatocellular carcinoma, with a review of the literature on the clinicopathological aspects of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. As compared with hepatocellular carcinoma, the average age of the patients was older; the male predominance was not obvious, chronic parenchymal liver disease was infrequent in the past history, association of primary cirrhosis was seldom, cholestatic features were frequently the early signs and more pronounced during the course, the liver was enlarged to a lesser extent, ascites was less common, signs of portal hypertension were absent or minimal, and extrahepatic metastases were less frequent. In many respects, the hilar type resembled extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma, and the peripheral type was somewhat between it and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the overall survival was not much different from that for hepatocellular carcinoma, early diagnosis is emphasized; this would make surgical management possible. Differential diagnosis from hepatocellular carcinoma may be possible in the majority with direct cholangiography, liver scan, celiac angiography, determination of alpha-fetoprotein and hepatitis B antigen, and blood chemistry such as SGOT, SLDH, serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Illustrative cases are given including one patient with a hilar carcinoma who survived for more than 2 years after transhepatic biliary drainage.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma including hilar carcinoma: a study of 57 autopsy-proven cases. 6 93

Certain characteristics of 328 Mozambican male Shangaans with primary hepatocellular cancer (PHC) have been compared with those of 163 Shangaan men with hepatomegaly from causes other than PHC and with those of 122 Black Southern African men with the same tumour but who belonged to tribes other than the Shangaan. Shangaans with PHC were significantly younger than non-Shangaans with the tumour (mean age 33,4 cf. 40,0 years; Pless than 0,001). They also had a significantly higher positivity rate of alpha-fetoprotein by immunodiffusion (71,4%) than the non-Shangaans (16%), although in other respects the tumours appeared to be similar. Cirrhosis of the non-tumorous part of the liver was present at necropsy in 62% of the Shangaans and in 66% of the non-Shangaans. The hepatitis B (surface) antigen (HBsAg) was detected in the serum of 60% of the Shangaans with PHC compared with only 9% of the controls. The antigen was present in 53,4% of the non-Shangaans with PHC (the difference between this fifure and that in the Shangaans was not significant). HBsAg was detected in the serum of 64% of the Shangaans with PHC and cirrhosis, but also in 74% of those with the tumour without associated cirrhosis. The possible role of the hepatitis B verus in the aetiology of PHC is considered in the light both of these findings and of the possibility that the frequency with which the tumour is associated with cirrhosis may be decreasing in Shangaans. Some of the dietary habits of the Shangaans with PHC were compared with those of the controls. Virtually all the patients with PHC, but also almost all the controls, ate groundnuts in large quantities from an early age, as well as cashew nuts in smaller amounts. Cycad pips, mopani leaves and pods, mopani worms and locusts were not eaten by significantly more of the Shangaans with PHC than the controls. The limitations of this type of dietary analysis are discussed.
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PMID:Some characteristics of Mozambican Shangaans with primary hepatocellular cancer. 6 57

The demonstration of hepatitis B antigen in the liver cells in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues by Shikata's orcein staining method affords an opportunity to conduct retrospective studies on necrospy materials. Such a study in Singapore showed orcein-positive liver cells in 22 out of 52 (42.3%) and 37 out of 50 (74.0%) cases of cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma respectively, while only 5 out of 113 (4.4%) 'normal' livers gave positive results. There is a significant difference in the frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma in orcein-positive and orcein-negative cirrhotic livers (28 out of 50, 10 out of 40 respectively). These results suggest a possible aetiological relationship between hepatitis B antigen and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Hepatitis B antigen in the liver cells in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. 6 88

Two hundred seventy-nine patients who died of hepatocellular carcinoma were autopsied at Los Angeles County--USC Medical Center and the John Wesley--USC Liver Unit from 1949 through 1974, and tissues from 168 of these cases were available for staining for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg). Twenty-one per cent of the livers had stainable HBSAg. There were prominent increases both in total numbers of hepatic cancers and in the percentages that were HBSAg-positive beginning about 1970, but the numbers of hepatocellular carcinomas arising in noncirrhotic livers also increased. From 1969 to 1974, 73% of those who had hepatocellular carcinomas arising to nonalcoholic but cirrhotic livers were HBSAg-positive. Racial differences in the incidences of cirrhosis, the incidences of hepatocellular carcinomas associated with HBSAg were found. The incidences of cirrhosis were: Caucasian 11%; Mexican 12.2%; Negro 5.7:; Oriental 10%. Hepatocellular carcinomas arose in 3.2% of Caucasians who had cirrhosis; 3.6% of Mexicans; 8.3% of Negroes; 47% or Orientals. Ten per cent of Caucasians who had hepatocellular carcinomas in cirrhotic livers were HBSAg-positive; 25% of Negroes; 12% of Mexicans; 47% of Orientals.
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PMID:The changing incidence of association of hepatitis B with hepatocellular carcinoma in California. 6 78

We have carried out a prospective survey of 28 primary liver carcinomas over one year. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the commonest malignancy seen in Rhodesian blacks, which results in a high index of suspicion and accounts for the 96.4% positive diagnosis before death in this study. The age distribution was evenly spread through adult life with no definite peak incidence. Some were young and without evidence of chronic liver disease, but many had the stigmata of established hepatic disease. This contrasts with the common assertion that in areas of high incidence for primary liver cancer those affected are mainly young and lack signs of chronic liver disease. The commonest presenting symptoms were abdominal pain and swelling and weight loss. Hepatomegaly, often tender and nodular, was present in all but one. The incidence of alpha-feto protein, 46.5%, is low compared with other countries where primary liver cancer is common. Hepatitis B antigen was absent in all 28, suggesting that there is no association between the persistence of the antigen and hepatocellular carcinoma in Rhodesia. Liver function tests, although abnormal, were never diagnostic of primary liver cancer. We have confirmed the association of high alcohol consumption and cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in the Rhodesian African. 6 99

The serum alphafetoprotein level (AFP) was studies in 125 histologically verified cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 66 other malignancies, 74 cases of cirrhosis of the liver, 60 of chronic aggressive hepatitis, 12 of chronic persistent hepatitis, 16 of subacute hepatitis, 36 of acute viral hepatitis, and 13 healthy hepatitis B-surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. Double immunodiffusion and radioimmunoassay (RIA) were used in all cases. AFP greater than 10 ng-ml appeared in 90% of the cases, and was above 400 ng/ml in 69%. In 80% of those above 400 ng/ml, AFP could also be demonstrated by immunodiffusion. The AFP level in hepatocellular carcinoma was discovered to decline as the age increased. It also appeared to be related to the tumor cell type; the relatively immature cell type was more frequently associated with a higher AFP level. The presence of HBsAg did not influence the AFP level. Although the AFP in other malignancies and liver diseases ranged abnormally from 14 to 69%, the level did not exceed 400 ng/ml as in our cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (except in one case). Thus, this figure provides a diagnostic serum level of AFP for the identification of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Serum alphafetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma. 7 Feb 68

It is well known that primary hepatocellular carcinoma could be derived from chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis in epidemiologic studies. However, it is still not clear what kinds of hepatocyte are premalignant cells. Recently we have focused on liver cell dysplasia as a possible premalignant cell, and showed localization of alpha-fetoprotein in the cytoplasma of these cells. Although the dysplastic cells were often seen in the liver of chronic active hepatitis, hepatitis B virus associated DNA polymerase activity was also significantly high in the sera from the patients with chronic active hepatitis. In this paper, we discuss the possible role of hepatitis B virus through hepatocarcinogenesis in human.
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PMID:Early lesions and development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in man--association with hepatitis B viral infection. 7 Mar 87

Many arguments have been developed for a filiation hepatitis B, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer (PLC). The hypothesis in favour of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) as an indirect agent of PLC was supported by epidemiological and anatomo-clinical data. The study of the serological markers of HBV has been performed in groups of Senegalese patients who were suffering from hepatitis B, cirrhosis or PLC and two control groups (blood donors and other cancers). The results concern the sequence leeding from hepatitis B to PLC.
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PMID:[Hepatitis B virus and primary liver carcinoma: evidences for a filiation hepatitis B, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer]. 7 Oct 6

Paraffin sections of liver on 227 autopsy cases were stained by a modified orcein method of Shikata et al (14) in order to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Blood of all the 227 cases obtained at autopsy were tested for HBsAg by immune adherence hamagglutination method (7) and for antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) by passive hemagglutination method (6). Cases of seropositive in HBsAg but negative in anti-HBs group showed orcein-positive hapatocyte in 13 (68%) of 19 cases of cirrhosis with hepatoma, in 2 (67%) of 3 cases of cirrhosis without hepatoma, and in 2 (67%) of 3 cases of non-cirrhotic neoplastic diseases other than hepatoma. Cases of seronegative in both HBsAg and anti-HBs group showed orceinpositive hepatocyte in 4 (17%) of 24 cases of cirrhosis with hepatoma, in 2 (11%) of 19 cases of cirrhosis without hepatoma, and in 3 (5%) of 60 cases of non-cirrhotic neoplastic diseases other than hepatoma. Cases of seronegative in HBsAg but positive in anti-HBsAg but positive in anti-HBs group showed orcein-positive hepatocyte in 1 (17%) of 6 cases of cirrhosis with hepatoma and in 1 (5%) of 21 cases of non-cirrhotic neoplastic diseases other than hepatoma. Cases of seropositive in both HBsAg and anti-HBs group showed orcein-positive hepatocyte in 1 (33%) of 3 cases of cirrhosis with hepatoma. No orcein-positive hepatocyte was detected in cases of hepatoma without cirrhosis and in cases of non-cirrhotic non-neoplastic diseases in any serological groups.
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PMID:Orcein staining of hepatitis B surface antigen in paraffin sections of liver on autopsy cases. 7 35


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