Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Certain characteristics of 328 Mozambican male Shangaans with primary hepatocellular cancer (PHC) have been compared with those of 163 Shangaan men with hepatomegaly from causes other than PHC and with those of 122 Black Southern African men with the same tumour but who belonged to tribes other than the Shangaan. Shangaans with PHC were significantly younger than non-Shangaans with the tumour (mean age 33,4 cf. 40,0 years; Pless than 0,001). They also had a significantly higher positivity rate of alpha-fetoprotein by immunodiffusion (71,4%) than the non-Shangaans (16%), although in other respects the tumours appeared to be similar. Cirrhosis of the non-tumorous part of the liver was present at necropsy in 62% of the Shangaans and in 66% of the non-Shangaans. The hepatitis B (surface) antigen (HBsAg) was detected in the serum of 60% of the Shangaans with PHC compared with only 9% of the controls. The antigen was present in 53,4% of the non-Shangaans with PHC (the difference between this fifure and that in the Shangaans was not significant). HBsAg was detected in the serum of 64% of the Shangaans with PHC and cirrhosis, but also in 74% of those with the tumour without associated cirrhosis. The possible role of the hepatitis B verus in the aetiology of PHC is considered in the light both of these findings and of the possibility that the frequency with which the tumour is associated with cirrhosis may be decreasing in Shangaans. Some of the dietary habits of the Shangaans with PHC were compared with those of the controls. Virtually all the patients with PHC, but also almost all the controls, ate groundnuts in large quantities from an early age, as well as cashew nuts in smaller amounts. Cycad pips, mopani leaves and pods, mopani worms and locusts were not eaten by significantly more of the Shangaans with PHC than the controls. The limitations of this type of dietary analysis are discussed.
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PMID:Some characteristics of Mozambican Shangaans with primary hepatocellular cancer. 6 57

HSS represents a special model of intrahepatic portal hypertension characterized by a presinusoidal portal block and a well-preserved liver parenchyma. Symmers' fibrosis appears in a small but significant proportion of patients with a high worm load. Its pathogenesis is not well established, although experimental and clinical studies point to egg granulomata as the main pathogenetic factor. The eggs carried continuously through the portal circulation produce inflammation and gross amputation of the intrahepatic veins, portal and periportal granulomas, and, eventually, a coarse perilobular fibrosis ("pipe-stem"). Portal hypertension, esophageal varices, and hepatosplenomegaly are the main consequences of these morphologic changes. Gastrointestinal bleeding is the most frequent cause of death. Unlike in cirrhosis, advanced liver failure is not seen except when HSS is associated with liver lesions from other causes such as virus and alcoholism. Helminthiasis treatment is based on chemotherapy with praziquantel or oxamniquine. Bleeding esophageal varices are managed by sclerotherapy or surgical procedures. Splenectomy with gastroesophageal devascularization seems to be the best choice.
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PMID:Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Pathophysiology and treatment. 156 71

Sera from patients with schistosomiasis and various infections were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay technique (ELISA) using soluble antigens prepared from adult worms and eggs of Schistosoma mansoni. Marked false positive reactions were observed in cases of certain parasitic (hydatidosis) and non parasitic diseases (liver cirrhosis). Equivalent results with the techniques of immunofluorescence and immunoenzymology (done on adult sections) were obtained with adult worm antigen read at a higher optic-density limit. At present, this technique might be useful in seroepidemiological surveys; however, further purification of the antigen will increase its sensibility and specificity.
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PMID:[ELISA in schistosomiasis. Limits. Possibility of application (author's transl)]. 699 32

Two slender nematodes were incidentally found at autopsy in the heart and inferior vena cava of a 36-year-old Japanese man who died of liver cirrhosis. The parasite from the heart measured 29.5 cm by 0.87 mm, and that from the inferior vena cava 26.5 cm by 0.85 mm. The worms were identified as non-gravid adult female Dirofilaria immitis. This is the fourth case of infection with D. immitis in the heart and large vessels.
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PMID:Dirofilaria immitis infection in man: report of a case of the infection in heart and inferior vena cava from Japan. 728 16

Hepatolithiasis, or the presence of intrahepatic stones, is prevalent in East Asia and is characterized by the finding of stones within the intrahepatic bile ducts proximal to the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts. Bile stasis and bacterial infection have been incriminated as the major aetiopathogenic factors. Clinical features include recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, multiple liver abscesses, secondary biliary cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma. The goals of management include accurate localization of pathologies, control of biliary sepsis and the elimination of stones and stasis. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and direct cholangiography complement each other in defining the stones, strictures and degree of liver damage. Non-operative biliary decompression by endoscopy and interventional radiology is effective in controlling the infection, but surgery remains the mainstay for the treatment of stones and strictures. Intra-operative ultrasound and flexible choledochoscopy, combined with percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy and intraductal lithotripsy, facilitate stone removal. Balloon dilatation and biliary stenting serve to open the bile duct strictures. The creation of a hepaticocutaneous jejunostomy after conventional surgery allows atraumatic access to the biliary system for the removal of recurrent stones. The management of biliary parasites begins with conservative measures, including analgesics and anti-helminthic therapy. In refractory cases or patients with acute cholangitis, endoscopic biliary drainage and the extraction of worms may be necessary. Improvement in sanitation plays a crucial role in the epidemiological control of these biliary diseases.
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PMID:Hepatolithiasis and biliary parasites. 951 5

Brazil has a young population and areas of endemic mansoni schistosomiasis where Wilson's disease might be easily misdiagnosed in patients erroneously classified as having either the hepatosplenic or the hepatointestinal form of the helminthiasis. Twenty five patients with the "hepatic form" of Wilson's disease (14 males and 11 females) were investigated in Belo Horizonte, MG; the mean age was 13.7 years (3 to 22). Nineteen had hepatomegaly (76%) and nine splenomegaly (36%). Twenty two (88%) had cirrhosis. The Kaiser-Fleisher ring was detected in fifteen (60%). Four (16%) had clear neurological abnormalities. Eleven (44%) had ascitis and/or jaundice. Ninety one point three per cent and 92% had low ceruloplasmin and copper serum levels respectively. Eighty four point two per cent showed an increased 24 hours urinary copper excretion; seven patients in whom hepatic copper was determined had increased values. Six out of nine had at least a ten fold increase in 24 hours urinary copper excretion following penicillamine use ("penicillamine test"). Three out of 19 patients (15.8%) had mansoni schistosoma ova in stools examination, a common prevalence in our population. Their biopsies showed inactive cirrhosis without schistosomiasis-associated alterations. At least fourteen patients (56%) could be misdiagnosed as having hepatointestinal or hepatosplenic schistosomisis when in fact they suffered from Wilson's disease with or without asymptomatic intestinal schistosomiasis, losing the chance of an early treatment. The follow-up time of 22 patients was 52 months (1 to 96); eight (36.3%) died, four from bleeding esphageal varices, three from terminal hepatic failure and one from fulminant liver failure. The majority of the patients, including those who died, had abandomned the use of penicillamine or had taken it irregularly, due mainly to its highly expensive cost. A 17 year old patient underwent a successful liver transplant in 1989.
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PMID:[Wilson's disease ("hepatic form") in a region endemic for schistosomiasis mansoni: clinical presentation of 25 patients]. 971 8

In our earlier, 30-year follow-up of American prisoners of war (POWs) of World War II and the Korean conflict, we found evidence of increased cirrhosis mortality. Using federal records, we have now extended our follow-up to 50 years (42 years for Korean conflict veterans) and have used proportional hazards analysis to compare the mortality experience of POWs with that of controls. Compared with their controls, World War II POWs had a 32% higher risk of cirrhosis mortality (statistically significant), and mortality risk was higher in the first 30 years of follow-up and also among those aged 51 years and older. Korean POWs had roughly the same risk of cirrhosis mortality as their controls. Neither self-reported data on alcohol consumption nor supplemental morbidity data satisfactorily explained the differences in risk between POWs and controls, although there was evidence that POWs tended to have higher rates of hepatitis, helminthiasis, and nutritional deprivation.
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PMID:Cirrhosis mortality among former American prisoners of war of World War II and the Korean conflict: results of a 50-year follow-up. 1105 Aug 76

Capillaria hepatica is an extremely common parasite of rats. Several human cases have also been reported from various parts of the world and recently these aroused the clinical interests. The present study was undertaken to investigate the biological observations of C. hepatica and the changes occurring in blood picture and serum protein in the experimentally infected hosts. The source of C. hepatica obtained from the deposit of non-embryonated eggs encapsulated in the liver of house rats(Rattus norvegicus) in Seoul. The eggs isolated from the infected liver tissues by the freshly prepared artificial gastric juice at 37 C and embryonated in the incubator 27 degrees to 30 degrees C for four to five weeks. For the observation of migratory pathway to the liver, ten mice were infected orally with 1,000 embryonated eggs of C. hepatica, and another ten mice were infected intraperitoneally. No larvae were found in the washings of peritoneal cavity after oral infection, but after the third day of infection, the larvae were isolated from liver tissues. These indicated that the majority of larvae are transported to the liver by the hepatic portal system. On the other hand, 1,000 embryonated eggs of C. hepatica were inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of mice by mantoux syringe containing antibiotics. One third of inoculated eggs hatched out in the peritoneum during two days after inoculation, hatched in the peritoneal cavity invade directly to the surface of liver. Twenty white rats were infected orally with 1,000 to 2,000 embryonated eggs for the study of the development of C. hepatica in the liver and histopathological changes of the infected liver in the course of infection. C. hepatica in the liver of white rats developed rather slowly at the first tenth day after infection, but at the 13th day developed rapidly in its size. The worms were sexually differentiated at the l7th day after infection. At the 20th fully formed eggs appeared in the white or yellowish lesions on the surface of rat liver and they are also found in uterine tubule of the female worm. After the 33rd day, male worm disappeared and only female worms packed with eggs were detected in the liver tissues. However the long hair-like tightly coiled worms were also usually found in the hepatic cysts, and the degenerated or dead worms were observed in the small cysts on the surface of the liver at the 59 th day after infection. Microscopical examination on the first week after infection revealed inflammatory reactions with the dilatation of central vein, Kupffer cell mobilization, focal necrosis and perivascular infiltration. After two weeks of infection granulomatous inflammation were observed around or adjacent to the worms in the lobules. The worms are surrounded by macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, a dense infiltration of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and, especially, eosinophils. After the third and fourth week, the microscopical findings of infected rat livers have shown proliferation of connective tissues and regeneration of liver cells. During the fifth to sixth week after infection, rat liver showed marked proliferation of fibrous connective tissues encapsulated the worms and massive deposition of the eggs. At the later time the liver reveals many pseudolobules which are caused by postnecrotic cirrhosis. These are irregularly subdivided into lobule by a fibrous septum. The worms were fragmented by the phagocytes and encapsulated by connective tissues. And then finally they appeared to be replaced by the calcium-like material. The liver shows typical cirrhosis after the eighth week after infection. In order to investigate the changes of blood picture and serum protein components of rabbits infected with C. hepatica, twenty rabbits were divided into four groups by the doses of eggs. Group A was given doses of 1,000 embryonated eggs, group B 5,000 eggs, group C 10,000 eggs and group D 30,000 eggs. The pictures of blood especially leukocyte and eosinophil counts and of serum protein were checked every week for ten weeks in the course of infections. The marked elevation of the leukcocyte, eosinophil counts and percentage of eosinophils was observed at the sixth to the seventh week in the course of infection in all groups of rabbits. At the tenth week after infection a decrease was shown in their counts. However in the heavily infected groups (Group C & D) these values persisted relatively in high levels even thereafter. In the white rats given doses of 1,000 to 2,000 eggs, eosinophil counts increased to the peak at the fourth week and decreased at the seventh week after infection. The changes in serum protein components of infected rabbits were investigated by paper electrophoresis. Blood collections were done by the cardiac puncture in the early morning. Serum total protein was determined by Biurets method, serum protein fractionating and A/G ratio by paper electrophoresis using Whatman No.l filter paper and barbital buffer (pH 8.6, ionic strength 0.06). Total protein increased at the sixth and seventh week after infection and the albumin and A/G ratio had decreased significantly in the heavily infected groups at the fifth and sixth week. The alpha-globulin and beta-globulin were not significant in the lightly infected groups(Group A & B), but they decreased after seventh week in the heavily infected groups. The gamma-globulin and &ggr;/A ratio of the heavily infected groups were significantly increased at fifth to seventh week. Statistically the calculation of entropy was applied to the data obtained in all groups. In the lightly infected groups, the entropy was included almost in the normal ranges, however in the heavily infected groups it was excluded from the normal range during the first to eighth week after infection.
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PMID:[The experimental studies on Capillaria hepatica] 1291 11

Human helminthic infestation is exceedingly common on a global scale, with as many as 1.5 to 2 billion people affected worldwide. Helminths (parasitic worms) that infect the liver and hepatobiliary system include nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms), and trematodes (flatworms or flukes). The majority of morbidity and mortality from these infestations is caused by the host immune response to the larvae or adult worm. Helminthic disease manifestations vary from the extremes of asymptomatic carriage to cirrhosis and decompensated liver disease. Current basic science and clinical research focus on improvements in medical therapy, mass screening and chemoprophylaxis, and the development of preventative vaccine strategies.
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PMID:Helminthic infections of the liver. 1524 96

Rats and mice are among the most susceptible hosts for the helminth Capillaria hepatica. More information on the similarities and differences between the hepatic pathology presented by these two parasite hosts are needed, since they may represent good models for the study of hepatic fibrosis. Early changes are similar for both hosts and are represented by necro-inflammatory lesions around dead parasites and their eggs and diffuse and intense reactive hepatitis. Although worms remain alive longer in mice than in rats, hepatic changes are more rapidly and deeply modulated in the former, even leading to almost complete disappearance of fibrosis. As for the rats, the modulation of the focal lesions is followed by the formation of septal fibrosis, a process where fine and long fibrous septa appear connecting portal spaces and central veins in such a way as to form a final morphologic picture of cirrhosis. Hepatic functional changes usually present good correlations with the morphologic findings at the different phases of the infection evolution. Therefore C. hepatica infection in rats and mice represent two different models of hepatic fibrosis and these differences, if properly known and understood, can be explored to answer different questions regarding several aspects of hepatic fibrosis.
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PMID:Experimental hepatic fibrosis due to Capillaria hepatica infection (differential features presented by rats and mice). 1532 30


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