Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The AA. have observed some patients suffering from persistent chronic hepatitis, aggressive chronic hepatitis, severe virus hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, hepatic metastasis, cholecystolithiasis, hepatic abscess, congestic heart disorder, alcoholism also patients treated with barbiturics and benzodiazepine, comparising in the meanwhile gamma-glutamyl-transaminase. They would suggest a new interpretation: the observed enzyme was higher in the obstructive diseases, gamma-GT also notable higher in the cellular hepatic diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis and so on). In their opinion gamma-GT should be a regular enzymatic screening for liver diseases, but should not anyway eliminate the till now used enzymes.
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PMID:[New views referred to gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (author's transl]. 1 13

The widespread use of ethyl alcohol suggests its potential importance in clinical medicine. There is no proven therapeutic effect in cardiac patients and its role as an etiologic factor in heart disease has been disputed over the years and attributed to coexistent malnutrition. The latter factor, however, has been dissociated from ethanol use in many patients with the cardiomyopathic form of heart failure. Major support for the role of ethanol as a toxic agent when used in large amounts for a prolonged period has been obtained in various species of animals, including the subhuman primate. Abnormalities include depression of ventricular function, and metabolic and morphologic changes that parallel the changes in humans with preclinical malfunction of the heart. While the mechanism of progression to heart failure or arrhythmias is not known, several factors may be associated. These include, particularly in males, the cumulative effects of ethanol alone or after intensified drinking episodes, simultaneous exposure to trace metals in excess, and occasional specific nutritional deficiency or superimposed infection. The low prevalence of clinical nutritional deficiency in patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy and the infrequency of heart disease in patients with cirrhosis or neuropathy supports the view that the cardiac abnormality is commonly not dependent on malnutrition. Clinical data indicate that the cessation of alcohol intake may reverse the disease or interrupt its progression in many patients. However, the pathogenic process may continue unabated in some patients who become abstinent.
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PMID:The role of ethanol in cardiac disease. 32 69

From 1951 to 1971 male doctors reduced their cigarette smoking more than did men in social classes I and II combined. In 1970-2, 665 male doctors died aged under 65. Had they shown the same improvements in cause-specific death rates over the 20 years as men in classes I and II, 699 deaths would have been expected. This "saving" of 34 deaths in the doctors comprised savings from coronary heart disease (83), stroke (16), and lung cancer (8) balanced by 60 "losses" from three stress-related causes--namely, accident, poisonings, etc (30); suicide (26); and cirrhosis of the liver (4)--plus 13 from other causes. As a relative reduction in mortality from heart disease in doctors (as compared with that in social classes I and II) also occurred during 1931-51--that is, before they began to give up smoking--some of the saving in heart-disease deaths in 1951-71 was probably not related to changes in smoking habits. The relative worsening in mortality from stress-related diseases may have been due partly to a possible adverse effect of giving up smoking if smoking had acted to reduce stress. From these findings, the benefits of giving up smoking may not be so great as has commonly been assumed.
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PMID:Has the mortality of male doctors improved with the reductions in their cigarette smoking? 53 59

In a 22-year followup of 3686 San Francisco longshoremen, the roles of physical activity, cigarette smoking habit, and systolic blood pressure level were evaluated independently in relation to risk of death from a broad range of diseases. Smoking pattern and blood pressure status were established in 1951 and job activity was assessed annually during the followup period. Lower levels of energy expenditure predicted increased risk of fatal heart attack and perhaps of stroke. Heavy cigarette smoking predicted increased risk of death from heart attack, cancer, chronic obstructive respiratory disease, and pneumonia. Higher levels of systolic blood pressure were associated with death from all cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cirrhosis. Tacit to these findings: sedentary living takes its toll largely through heart disease and stroke; the toxicity of cigarette smoking is associated with a broader range of diseases, including heart attack, cancer, and respiratory disease; and higher level of blood pressure related to an even broader range of cardiovascular disease than either of the other characteristics studied.
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PMID:Energy expenditure, cigarette smoking, and blood pressure level as related to death from specific diseases. 68 71

Approaches for the diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver at the dissecting table are given on the basis of the analysis of autopsy materials and liver biopsies. The etiological verification of cirrhosis is based on the peculiar morphological lesions of the liver and other organs. The liver is enlarged, its surface micronodal; histologically, an attack of acute alcoholic hepatitis is found not infrequently: necroses of hepatocytes, predominantly neutrophilic infiltration of the stroma and necrotic zones, alcoholic hyalin. Due to autolysis, alcoholic hyalin in the autopsy material changes somehow and is hardly detectable. A combination of alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver with alcoholic cardiopathy and/or chronic calcifying pancreatitis is typical.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis during autopsy]. 72 69

The general death rate rises during business booms and falls during depressions. The causes of death involved in this variation range from infectious diseases through accidents to heart disease, cancer, and cirrhosis of the liver, and include the great majority of all causes of death. Less than 2 percent of the death rate-that for suicide and homicide-varies directly with unemployment. In the older historical data, deterioration of housing and rise of alcohol consumption on the boom may account for part of this variation. In twentieth-century cycles, the role of social stress is probably predominant. Overwork and fragmentation of community through migration are two important sources of stress which rise with the boom, and they are demonstrably related to the causes of death which show this variation.
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PMID:Prosperity as a cause of death. 83 36

In the contemporary United States, mortality is 60% higher for males than for females. Forty percent of the excess of male mortality is due to arteriosclerotic heart disease, which is more common among men in part because they smoke cigarettes more than women do, and apparently also because they more often develop the competitive, aggressive Coronary Prone Behavior Pattern. Men who do not develop this Behavior Pattern may have as low a risk of coronary heart disease as comparable women. Oophorectomy of young women may increase the risk of coronary heart disease, but administration of female hormones generally does not reduce risk. One third of the sex differential in mortality is due to men's higher rates of suicide, fatal motor vehicle and other accidents, cirrhosis of the liver, respiratory cancers and emphysema. Each of these causes of death is linked to behaviours which are encouraged or accepted more in males than in females: using guns, drinking alcohol, smoking, working at hazardous jobs, and seeming to be fearless. Thus, the behaviors expected of males in our society make a major contribution to their elevated mortality.
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PMID:Why do women liver longer than men? 101 12

In the contemporary United States, males have 60 percent higher mortality than females. In Part I, published in the previous issue, we showed that 40 percent of this sex differential in mortality is due to a twofold elevation of arteriosclerotic heart disease among men. Major causes of higher rates of arteriosclerotic heart disease in men include greater cigarette smoking among men; probably a greater prevalence of the competitive, aggressive Coronary Prone Behavior Pattern among men; and possibly a protective role of female hormones. In addition, men have higher death rates for lung cancer and emphysema, primarily because more men smoke cigarettes. In Part II we analyze the other major causes of men's higher death rates: accidents, suicide, and cirrhosis of the liver. Each of these is related to behaviors which are encouraged or accepted more in men than in women in our society--for example, using guns, being adventurous and acting unafraid, working at hazardous jobs and drinking alcohol. We conclude with suggestions for reducing male mortality; for example, by changing the social conditions which foster in men the behaviors that elevate their mortality.
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PMID:Why do women live longer than men? 101 15

Alcoholic subjects differ in the incidence of cardiomyopathy. Of potential variables, sex may be important since few females are seen with cardiomyopathy, even adjusting for the lower incidence of alcoholism. To examine this question, noninvasive systolic time intervals were measured in 22 males and 14 females of similar age, heart rate, and arterial pressure, without clinical evidence of heart disease or hypertrophy. Duration and intensity of ethanol intake and the interval from last drinking episode were apparently equivalent. In male alcoholics, the left ventricular preejection period and ejection time (PEP/LVET) ratio of 0.410 +/- 0.020 was significantly higher than in the 11 normal males (0.316 +/- 0.007) (P less than 0.001). In female alcoholics, the ratio was 0.322 +/- 0.015, compared to 0.310 +/- 0.01 for 11 normal females, and was significantly less than in the male patients (P +/- 0.001). In addition prolonged intraventricular conduction by high-frequency ECG was more prevalent in the male group. To further ensure equivalency of alcoholism, patients with biopsy-proved cirrhosis were selected. In nine males, PEP/LVET was significantly higher than in the 10 females. Thus, abnormal myocardial function was evident in males but not in females, suggesting that sex is a determinant of the toxic effects of ethanol on myocardium.
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PMID:Preclinical cardiomyopathy in chronic alcoholics: a sex difference. 125 24

This is the second update of a study of 3,444 taconite miners and millers who were first exposed to taconite, with associated exposures to silica and nonasbestiform amphiboles, in the period 1947 through 1958. Previous analyses of deaths through 1977, and again through 1983, showed no significant excess deaths from any specific causes. The present study continues the follow-up through 1988, adding 14,748 person-years of observation and 261 death certificates for analysis. The population, reduced to 3,431 because of the detection of 13 earlier duplications, has now been observed for 101,055 person-years, with 1,058 deaths and 1,039 death certificates. Death certificates were obtained for 98.2% of those known to be dead. The total number of deaths was significantly fewer than expected. Based on US rates, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 83 (ie, 83% of expected). Based on Minnesota death rates, it was 91. With both US and Minnesota death rates, the SMRs for malignant neoplasms, cancer of the respiratory tract, cancer of the digestive system, heart disease, nonmalignant respiratory disease, and cirrhosis of the liver were all below 100. Slightly elevated SMRs were found for cancer of the colon, cancer of the kidney, and lymphopoietic cancer. These elevations were not statistically significant. Separate analyses were made of total deaths, lung cancer deaths, and kidney cancer deaths in men who had worked with taconite for time periods of less than 1 year, 1-5 years, 5-10 years, and over 10 years, during observation periods less than 10 years, 10-20 years, and over 20 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:An updated study of taconite miners and millers exposed to silica and non-asbestiform amphiboles. 133 7


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