Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phlegmonous gastritis is an acute infection of the stomach wall by pyogenic bacteria. It represents an extremely rare disease with a fulminating course and a high mortality rate. A precise lifetime diagnosis is generally unsuccessful. The inflammation, most often caused by alpha-hemolytic streptococci, is most frequently expressed in patients who are more susceptible to infection. Among these are elderly patients, women, patients with chronic gastritis, chronic peptic ulcer, hepatic cirrhosis and decreased immune tolerance, T-cell leukemia, patients with a low socio-economic status and alcoholics. In our paper we are describing the case of a 66-year old female patient, who had received many years of treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. She died due to phlegmonous gastritis, which was only established post-mortem. The authors share the opinion that the occurrence of the phlegmonous form of gastritis was influenced significantly by the treatment with nonsteroidal antirheumatics and corticosteroids, which she had received for many years and also immediately prior to the complication.
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PMID:Phlegmonous gastritis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. 1598 17

Biliary cystic disease, though uncommon, can present at a wide range of ages with a wide range of symptoms. Choledochal cysts are associated with the development of both cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer. Thus, most biliary cystic disease is best managed operatively. Many factors should be considered when performing surgery on patients with choledochal cysts, including age, presenting symptoms, cyst type, associated biliary stones, prior biliary surgery, intrahepatic strictures, hepatic atrophy/hypertrophy, biliary cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and associated biliary malignancy. When feasible, surgical treatment should consist of cholecystectomy and complete surgical excision of extrahepatic cysts with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Because the risk of recurrent cholangitis is significant and additional symptoms and problems are common, the use of long-term soft Silastic biliary stents (Dow Corning Corp., Midland, MI) should be considered when complex intrahepatic and extrahepatic cystic disease is present. Alternatively, the Roux-en-Y jejunal limb can be marked at the fascia for future percutaneous access. Reconstruction via hepaticoduodenostomy and jejunal interposition has been associated with increased postoperative pain due to bile reflux gastritis. Thus, hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction is recommended. For choledochal cysts involving the distal bile duct, the bile duct should be excised at the intrapancreatic portion. Resection of the pancreatic head should be reserved for patients with established malignancies. Surgical excision of the intrahepatic portion of the bile duct should be individualized to include preservation of hepatic parenchyma when the liver is not cirrhotic. If cirrhosis is advanced, hepatic transplantation may be indicated, but this is rare. Oncologic principles should be followed in the presence of a malignancy. Lifelong follow-up is required because of the possibility of a "field" defect increasing susceptibility to cancer throughout the biliary tract epithelium.
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PMID:Biliary cystic disease. 1653 71

In cirrhotic patients, in addition to hepatocytes and Kuppfer cells dysfunction circulatory anatomic shunt and ventilation/perfusion (V(A)/ Q) ratio abnormalities can induce decrease in partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO(2)), in oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SaO(2)) as well as various acid-base disturbances. We studied 49 cases of liver cirrhosis (LC) with ascites compared to 50 normal controls. Causes were: posthepatic 37 (75.51%), alcoholic 7 (14.24%), cardiac 2 (4.08%), and cryptogenic 3 (6.12%). Complications were: upper gastrointestinal bleeding 24 (48.97), hepatic encephalopathy 20 (40.81%), gastritis 28 (57.14%), hepatoma 5 (10.2%), renal hepatic syndrome 2 (4.01%), HbsAg (+) 24 (48.97%), and hepatic pleural effusions 7 (14.28%). Average PaO(2) and SaO(2) were 75.2 mmHg and 94.5 mmHg, respectively, compared to 94.2 mmHg and 97.1 mmHg of the control group, respectively (p value in both PaO(2) and SaO(2 )was p<0.01). Respiratory alkalosis, metabolic alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis with respiratory alkalosis were acid-base disturbances observed. In conclusion, portopulmonary shunt, intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunt and V(A)/Q inequality can induce a decrease in PaO(2) and SaO(2) as well as various acid-base disturbances. As a result, pulmonary resistance is impaired and patients more likely succumb to infections and adult respiratory distress syndrome.
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PMID:Alterations in arterial blood parameters in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. 1739 60

The paper describes the results of studying the immune status of 1,960 patients with stomach, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, small and large intestine disorders, who were treated in the Central Research Institute of Gastroenterology. The results of the study demonstrate that alimentary system diseases are concomitant with changes in the functional activity of the immune system and development of the systemic immune response aimed at the neutralization and elimination of pathogenic agents. Impaired regulatory and efferent lymphocyte capacities, increased synthesis of cytokines, immunoglobulins, heterologous (anti-viral, anti-bacterial or antigliadin), autologous (to parietal cells, microsome mitochondria, tissue transglutaminase) antibodies, formation of immune complexes, autoimmune reactions and secondary immunodeficiency are specific immune mechanisms of the pathological process development, its synchronization and progression in patients with alimentary system diseases. Changes in the immunological status indices are expressed in varying degree depending on the organ involved, etiological factor, clinical course and stage of the disease, as well as treatment used. The immunological status indices have maximal values in cases of chronic hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, peptic or duodenal ulcer, cholelithiasis, chronic pancreatitis, gluten-sensitive enteropathy and minimal values in cases of chronic gastritis, gastroesophageal disease, steatohepatitis and irritable bowel syndrome. These data are sufficient for developing an algorithm of immune diagnostics for a number of alimentary system diseases. The study of immune status indices is of great diagnostic and prognostic value as it defines the etiological factor, intensity of inflammatory, infectious and autoimmune processes as well as disease stage and activity, its forecast and the efficacy of treatment of alimentary system diseases.
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PMID:[Diagnostic and prognostic value of humoral immune status indices for alimentary system diseases]. 1753 52

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and gastritis in children with portal hypertension and related factors. The study included 24 children with portal hypertension secondary to liver disease or extrahepatic venous obstruction. PHG was seen in 14 of 24 patients. PHG was significantly associated with the presence of esophageal varices and a history of hematemesis. Histologically, gastritis was identified in 14 of 24 patients and was significantly associated with cirrhosis. PHG is frequently found in children with portal hypertension, and it develops regardless of the cause of the portal hypertension.
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PMID:Gastropathy and gastritis in children with portal hypertension. 1759 82

The GI endoscopy can be divided into upper GI tract endoscopy (oesophago-, gastro-, entero-, fistulo- and cholangioscopy) and lower GI tract endoscopy (recto-, sigmo-, colonoscopy) from practical point of view and the characteristic of used equipment. A lot of therapeutic methods for GI tract is associated with each of these procedures. GI tract endoscopy doesn't play significant part in diagnosis of acute and chronic hepatitis. Significance of endoscopy procedures decidedly increases in the case of progressive liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis, where changes in GI tract are observed to 87% patients. These changes can be divided into: 1) not associated with portal hypertension, 2) these ones caused by portal hypertension. The most observed changes not associated with portal hypertension involve: reflux esophagitis, esophageal candidiasis; different variants of gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer. To the changes connected with portal hypertension, which are possible for endoscopy assessment, belongs esophageal and gastric varices, portal gastro-, entero-, colopathy, and gastric antral vascular ectasiae (GAVE). However to-day endoscopy has got not only diagnostic significance but also enables therapy of acute GI bleeding in this group of patients., the primary and secondary prophylaxis of bleedings from GI varices (particulary endoscopy band ligation-EBL) as well as estimation of pharmaco- and surgical therapy efficiency.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and therapy of portal hypertension with special reference to endoscopic methods]. 1768 53

The role of Helicobacter pylori (HP) in some digestive diseases (gastritis, ulcer, gastric cancer, MALT lymphoma) is well known. It has been suggested relatively recently that infection with HP can be involved in various extra-digestive conditions: respiratory disorders (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma); vascular disorders (ischaemic heart disease, stroke, primary Raynaud phenomena, primary headache); autoimmune disorders (Sjogren syndrome, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune thyroiditis, Parkinson's disease, idiopathic chronic urticaria, rosacea, alopecia areata); other disorders (iron deficiency anaemia, growth retardations, liver cirrhosis). Case studies, small patient series and non-randomized trials that have shown a beneficial effect of HP eradication in different conditions are not convincing. According to Mastricht III the only conditions where HP eradication is indicated are immune thrombocytopenic purpura and iron deficiency anaemia.
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PMID:Extragastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection. 1829 84

Adolescence is a period of rapid growth and physical change; a central question is whether consuming alcohol during this stage can disrupt development in ways that have long-term consequences. In general, the existing evidence suggests that adolescents rarely exhibit the more severe chronic disorders associated with alcohol dependence such as liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, gastritis, and pancreatitis. Adolescents who drink heavily, however, may experience some adverse effects on the liver, bone, growth, and endocrine development. Evidence also is mounting, at least in animal models, that early alcohol use may have detrimental effects on the developing brain, perhaps leading to problems with cognition later in life. This article summarizes the physiological effects of alcohol on adolescents, including a look at the long-term behavioral and physiological consequences of early drinking.
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PMID:The effects of alcohol on physiological processes and biological development. 1909 86

It has been clearly established that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric lymphoma MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) in the general population, but data regarding the prevalence and the role of H. pylori infection in liver cirrhosis are conflicting. Most serological studies estimated a high prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with liver cirrhosis; however, when other methods (urea breath test, histology, culture, rapid urease test) were used, the overall H. pylori prevalence was similar to that in controls. Although the prevalence of both gastric ulcer (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU) is higher in cirrhotic patients than in general population, the relationship between H. pylori infection and peptic ulcer in cirrhosis remains controversial. Our data regarding peptic ulcer prevalence in cirrhotic patients are in agreement with previous studies that suggest an increased prevalence of both GU and DU. The incidence of bleeding peptic ulcer is high in cirrhotic patients and carries an increased risk of complications or death in these patients and therefore eradication of H. pylori infection might be as effective in preventing ulcer relapse and bleeding as it is in noncirrhotic ulcer patients. Hepatic encephalopathy is a frecquent complication of liver cirrhosis, and it is widely accepted that ammonia plays a major role in its pathogenesis. The ammonia production by H. pylori urease does not increase blood ammonia levels during cirrhosis, and eradication of H. pylori infection does not affect hepatic encephalopathy status.
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PMID:[Prevalence and role of Helicobacter pylori infection in some gastroduodenal and hepatic complications in cirrhotic patients]. 2020 58

Chinese medicine practitioners apply the differentiation reasoning for decision-making. The wide scope of Chinese medicine intervention provides coverage of methods and techniques with applications to primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention. The rapid evolution of mathematical and computational techniques allowed the implementation of several models for pattern differentiation that were tested for several physiologic systems. Concurrently, it is argued that pattern differentiation might improve the efficacy of either traditional or conventional medical interventions. This article reviewed the influence of pattern differentiation into clinical practice organized by medical field: general pattern differentiation; genitourinary (recurrent cystitis); cardiovascular (coronary heart disease; arterial hypertension; angina pectoris); neurology (stroke); surgery; metabolic (diabetes mellitus); hepatic (cirrhosis); gastrointestinal (chronic superficial gastritis); orthopedic (low back pain; rheumatoid arthritis; cervical spondylosis; elbow arthritis); oncology (gastric mucosal dysplasia; lung cancer); gynecologic and obstetric manifestations (nausea and vomiting). The reviewed studies presented achievements that have contributed to the integration of Chinese medicine and evidence-based medicine in the treatment of many mild and severe diseases. Target diseases considered as major public health problems were also investigated and the results are promising regarding the possibility to treat guided by pattern differentiation.
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PMID:Chinese medicine pattern differentiation and its implications for clinical practice. 2205 10


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