Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sampling variability of liver biopsy was determined in three consecutive biopsy specimens obtained from each of 118 patients immediately prior to autopsy. No sampling variability was found for fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, nonspecific hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis, leukemic infiltrate, and venous congestion. Cirrhosis was diagnosed in 80% of cases at the first biopsy but in all cases after three biopsies. Chronic aggressive and chronic persistent hepatitis were diagnosed correctly in two of three cases each at the first biopsy, and in all cases after three biopsies. Metastatic carcinoma was detected in 46% of cases at the first biopsy and in 69% after three biopsies. Granulomas were missed once on the first biopsy, but found on a subsequent biopsy. The amounts of fat and fibrosis in the biopsy specimens often were not representative of the amounts present at autopsy.
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PMID:Sampling variability on percutaneous liver biopsy. 44 70

Chronic hepatitis is one of liver diseases with arguments from the clinical and histopathological aspects. Histopathological examinations were made on 687 biopsy cases clinically diagnosed as chronic hepatitis. Histopathological classification was based on our own criteria by referring to discussions in the series of Inuyama symposia on hepattis and others. The correlation between histological diagnosis and clinical data was also examined. Histopathological diagnoses made of the 687 cases were classified as follows; normal liver or liver with no pathognomonic changes of 77 cases (11.2%), non-specific reactive hepatitis of 56 cases (8.0%), viral hepatitis of 488 cases (71.0%), alcoholic hepatitis of 25 cases (3.6%), fatty liver of 23 cases (3.3%), massive liver necrosis of 3 cases, liver fibrosis of 2 cases, congestive liver of 1 case, and unclassified 12 cases due to inadequate specimens or other reasons. Among 488 viral hepatitis cases, histological stages were as follows; acute hepatitis (38 cases, 7.8%), persistent hepatitis (23 cases, 4.7%), chronic inactive hepatitis (142 cases, 29.1%), chronic active hepatitis (165 cases, 33.8%), chronic hepatitis with subloblar necrosis (33 cases, 6.8%), precirrhosis (51 cases, 10.5%), cirrhosis (27 cases, 5.5%). The relationship between histological aspects and clinical features was discussed by sex, age, and others. Of 41 follow up cases, significant values of histological type, presence of HB ag., or alcoholic were discussed as for the causative factors evolving liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Chronic hepatitis--clinicopathological studies of 687 cases (author's transl)]. 46 98

Liver function and liver biopsy findings were studied in a selected group of 29 overweight patients. Fatty liver, fatty hepatitis, fatty fibrosis and fatty cirrhosis were seen with equal frequency. Diabetes was also present with an equal incidence in each of these four pathologic groups. Lipoprotein abnormalities, particularly type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, were found mostly in the two groups with the lesions with less fibrosis (fatty liver and fatty hepatitis). The pathologic picture resembled that of alcohol and postjejunoileal bypass-induced liver diseases suggesting a common denominator in these three conditions.
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PMID:Fatty liver hepatitis and cirrhosis in obese patients. 50 94

In the course of 4 years, among 11,738 admissions there were 245 (2.08%) patients with cholestasis (106 women and 139 men). Intrahepatic cholestasis (i.c.) was detected in 46.5%, and extrahepatic (e.c.) in 53.5%. The most frequent cause of i.c. were alcoholic and nonalcoholic chr. liver disease (fatty liver, chr. hepatitis, cirrhosis) (37% and 30%), acute viral hepatitis (15%) and toxic liver injury (14%) respectively. The causes of e.c. were: choledocholithiasis (44%), cancer of the pancreatic head (15%), cancer of gallbladder and extrahepatic ducts (12%) and cancer of liver (10%). The causes of c. were benigne, in 78.2%, while malignant neoplasms were present in 21.8%. Out of the multitude of laboratory tests two appeared particularly significant: glut, transpeptidase was pathologic in 81% of alcoholic liver disease, in 62% of the cases with obstructive jaundice and in 27.7% of malignant neoplasms. LX-lipoprotein examined in 52 patients was positive in 24% of i.c., and 60% of e.c. Proliferation of bile ducts was the most frequent finding in surgical liver biopsies in choledocholithiasis cases.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis, laboratory tests and histology in 245 patients with cholestasis. 52 15

Control subjects and patients with liver diseases (cirrhosis, fatty liver) were given an oral methionine load with 100 mg L-Met/kg body weight. Amino acid chromatography was made by a short-program particularly suitable for the diagnosis of hereditary disorders of methionine metabolism. Met-tolerance in blood plasma as well as cystathionine, homocystine and the mixed disulfide homocysteine-cysteine in plasma and urine were investigated. Methylmalonic acid excretion in the urine was determined by gas chromatography. Patients with liver diseases showed some pathological changes of methionine tolerance after the load. However, cystathionine and homocysteine could not be demonstrated. No methylmalonic acid excretion occurred in normal subjects and patients with liver diseases after the methionine load.
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PMID:[Results of oral methionine loads in normal subjects and patients with liver diseases using an analyzer short program]. 61 59

Fluorometric estimations of plasma histamine in the peripheral venous blood were performed in a control group of 16 subjects with normal liver values and normal liver biopsy specimen. Two further groups with liver changes were studied: Ten patients with fatty liver (stage I-II) and 22 cases suffering from liver cirrhosis, including 7 patients with portocaval shunt. Additionally, plasma histamine concentrations were determined in the blood of the portal vein, hepatic vein, cubital vein and in the femoral artery of another 11 normal subjects and 8 cirrhotic patients, some of them with portocaval shunt. The elimination of histamine by the liver was calculated. In healthy humans about two thirds (67.8 plus or minus 11.4 per cent; n=11) of the histamine content in the portal vein is eliminated by liver passage. This is due mainly to liver uptake and catabolism of histamine. It could be shown, that the elimination rate (41.0 plus or minus 15.1 per cent, n=8) is diminished in cirrhotic livers. Therefore, the plasma histamine content measured in the peripheral venous blood is significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in cirrhotic patients (1.2 +/- 0.3 ng/ml; n=22) than in healthy subjects (0.7 +/0 0.2 ng/ml; n=16). The expected pathophysiological effects of the elevated plasma histamine levels in liver cirrhosis are discussed with respect to circulatory changes ("hyperdynamic circulation") and their possible role in the development of "hepatogenic" ulcers of the stomach.
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PMID:[Studies on the pre- and posthepatic plasma histamine concentrations and their possible pathophysiological effects in liver cirrhosis (author's transl)]. 63 78

The role of liver size in drug metabolism was investigated in 34 chronic alcoholics and 28 controls by comparing antipyrine half-life with biopsy content and total amount of hepatic cytochrome P-450 (P-450) and liver weight. Liver size was significantly greater in alcoholics than in controls. Total P-450 was increased and antipyrine metabolism was enhanced in alcoholics with normal histology of the liver. In subjects with alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis, the antipyrine half-life was prolonged and P-450 was decreased. Alcoholics with fatty liver had a reduced P-450 content, but the total amount of P-450 and the antipyrine half-life were normal. The results demonstrate in alcoholics that an enlarged liver of normal histological appearance is associated with enhanced drug metabolism. In subjects with fatty liver the drug metabolizing capacity per unit weight of liver is often impaired, but the increase in liver size leads to undisturbed total oxidizing capacity and normal in vivo metabolism. In alcoholic hepatitis drug metabolism is impaired in spite of hepatomegaly. In cirrhosis the enlargement of the liver appears to compensate for the decreased P-450 content resulting in only slightly decreased total P-450, and the severly impaired in vivo drug metabolism may be due to derangement of blood flow.
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PMID:Liver size and indices of drug metabolism in alcoholics. 63 35

Among 2 952 non-selected liver biopsies of adults in the 5-years-period 1970-1974 506 cases (17%) of clinically proved chronic alcoholics were found. Most of the patients are males, and even young men at an age of less than twenty years are taken with. The number of 31 professional drivers within this group is remarkable and alarming, too. The histomorphological picture may be divided into liver changes without any abnormal state (39%), fatty liver (40%), alcoholic hepatitis (18%) and cirrhosis (3%). Chronic alcoholism can be considered as one of the most important causes of the fatty liver. Clinical and pathological aspects of alcoholic liver changes are discussed.
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PMID:[Liver biopsy changes in chronic alcoholism]. 64 47

The labeled bile salt tolerance test is the measure of the decrease in plasmatic radioactivity after intravenous injection of carboxyl-14C-labeled chenic acid. The label is distributed in the blood, taken up by hepatocytes and then secreted in the bile. The decrease in plasmatic radioactivity during the 4 h following the injection follows a bi-exponential curve. It has been studied in 6 normal subjects, 4 patients equipped with "T tube", 3 cases of acute viral hepatitis, 4 cases of hepatic steatosis, and 6 cases of hepatic cirrhosis. The first slope (b1) represents the hepatic uptake of the label. It is lowered in cases of viral hepatitis and in cirrhosis. The second slope (b2) represents hepato-biliary secretion of the label. It is lowered in patients equipped with a "T tube". From 100 min after the injection, the plasma concentration of radioactivity remains constant. This is the residual value (R), and it is very low in normal subjects. It is increased in cases of acute viral hepatitis and cirrhosis, indicating displacement of a fraction of the bile salt pool into peripheral blood. After a standard meal, the R value is not modified in the normal subject. In cases of steatosis and cirrhosis, a temporary peak may be seen, indicating recirculation of the label towards the periphery due to a porto-systemic shunt or a hepatocyte lesion.
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PMID:[Clinical application of the radiolabeled bile salt tolerance test]. 67 9

Two studies investigating the association of liver disease with acute and chronic pancreatitis in alcoholics are presented. In a retrospective study of 50 patients, no clinical liver disease was found in 9 patients with acute pancreatitis, while 23 (56%) of 41 patients with chronic pancreatitis had liver disease by clinical criteria. Of this latter group, 8 were confirmed histologically; thus 19% of patients with chronic pancreatitis had biopsy-proven cirrhosis. Fifty alcoholic patients with pancreatitis were prospectively evaluated. All who had clinical evidence of liver disease were biopsied. No cases of liver disease were encountered in the 4 patients with acute pancreatitis. Although 28 (60%) cases of clinically diagnosed liver disease were present in 46 patients with chronic pancreatitis, only 20 of these seemed significant (cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis, severe fatty liver), for an incidence of 43%. Thus, clinically significant alcoholic liver disease occurs quite frequently in association with alcoholic pancreatitis. This association is meaningful in more effective management of these patients in general and in preoperative assessment of the risk of surgery in particular.
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PMID:Associated liver disease in alcoholic pancreatitis. 68 26


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