Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Our patient, with cirrhosis and chronic renal failure, represents an example of the susceptibility of a compromised host to Aeromonas infections. This patient, however, differs from previously reported cases in at least two important aspects. First, it is possible that her portal of entry was a fresh A-V fistula puncture site rather than an intestinal site. The temporal relationship of exposure to flood water prior to the onset of sepsis lends support to this possibility. Epidemiologic investigation of the dialysis center failed to reveal Aeromonas isolates from cultures of the water supply, machinery, or other patients. Second, this case is unique in that our patient developed a destructive aortic valve endocarditis resulting in valvular perforations and acute aortic insufficiency. Furthermore, this infection was initiated on what appears to have been a previously normal valve. Based on a review of the literature and the virulence demonstrated by A. hydrophila in our patient, we conclude that organisms of the genus Aeromonas are capable of inducing serious human infection. Such infections are more likely to occur in compromised hosts. A. hydrophila has accounted for the majority of reported infections.
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PMID:Human aeromonas infections: a review of the literature and a case report of endocarditis. 34 23

A study of the clinical and aetiological patterns of finger clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy was carried out over a 15-year period. 116 patients were studied. Pain is not a common symptom in patients with finger clubbing and osteoarthropathy in Nigerians, contrary to what has been reported in the literature. The cause of finger clubbing is predominantly pulmonary in origin, being responsible in 84 per cent of cases. The commonest cause in bronchiectasis, followed by empyema thoracis, bronchial carcinoma and lung abscess. Among the nonpulmonary causes are infective endocarditis, endomyocardial fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is found in 15 cent of the patients with finger clubbing, the commonest cause being carcinoma of the bronchus.
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PMID:The clinical and aetiological pattern of finger clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in Nigerians. 50 49

Plasmapheresis together with immunosuppressive drug therapy has been used in the treatment of 17 patients with glomerulonephritis [Goodpasture's syndrome (4), systemic lupus erythematosus (4), mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (2), glomerulonephritis associated with cirrhosis (2), nonspecific mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (3), Henoch-Schoenlein purpura glomerulonephritis (1) and glomerulonephritis associated with infective endocarditis (1)]. Use of the Haemonetics Model 30 blood cell separator, exchanging two liters of plasma with 5% albumin in Hartmann's solution has provided a safe, effective but relatively expensive procedure, capable of producing a marked reduction of fibrinogen, complement components, anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody and immune complex concentrations. Removal of one or more of these factors is felt to be at least partly responsible for the improvement in renal function and clinical well-being demonstrated in patients with Goodpasture's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and other forms of glomerulonephritis associated with the presence of circulating immune complexes.
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PMID:Plasmapheresis in glomerulonephritis. 50 88

The difference between total plasma volume determined with a substance which escapes from vascular beds in the presence of an increase of general capillary permeability and that determined with a substance which is confined to blood even in the presence of an increased capillary permeability may reflect the degree of an increase of general capillary permeability. The total plasma volume was determined by simultaneous injections of 131I-HSA and 51Cr tagged red cells. The capillary permeability was evaluated by calculating the difference (deltaTPV) between total plasma volume determined with 131I-HSA and that determined with 51Cr tagged red cell. deltaTPV in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and subacute baterial endocarditis was larger than that of controls, averaging 204ml/m2, 178 ml/m2, 82 ml/m2, 131 ml/m2 and 179 ml/m2, respectively. The increase of deltaTPV was considered to indicate the increase of capillary permeability in these patients. A permeability increasing factor was present in serum of patients with an elevated deltaTPV. There was a significant correlation between deltaTPV and the titer of serum capillary permeability increasing factor in these patients.
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PMID:A new method for evaluating an increased general capillary permeability in patients. 56 43

Sixteen cases of chronic Q fever are described. In eight there was a history of exposure to infection from farms or farm products. All had valvular heart disease, involving the mitral valve in nine and the aortic valve in seven. Infection occurred on a prosthetic valve in two patients. Arterial embolism was common. Venous thrombosis occured in three patients, and pulmonary embolism occurred in three other patients. Complement fixing antibodies to phase 1 antigen were found in a titre of 1:200 or greater in all except two patients. In one of these post-mortem examination revealed rickettsial bodies in mitral valve vegetations, and in the other Coxiella burneti was isolated from heart valve tissue. The majority presented with infective endocarditis but two presented primarily with liver disease. All patients had evidence of liver involvement and in one this led to death from cirrhosis. Abnormal tests of liver function, particularly hyperglobulinaemia, raised alkaline phsophatase and abnormal bromsulphthalein retention were found in all patients. Hepatic histology was abnormal in all eight patients in whom it was studied. The commonest features were mononuclear cell infiltration of the portal tracts and prominence of the sinusoidal Kupffer cells. Patchy focal necrosis of parenchymal cells, granulomata, fatty change, and eosinophilia of the sinusoidal walls were also noted in several patients and cirrhosis developed in one. Six patients had a purpuric rash, and in 12 there was thrombocytopenia. It is suggested that the presence of hepatomegaly and liver involvement and thrombocytopenia may help to differentiate Q fever endocarditis from bacterial endocarditis. Raised serum IgM and IgA levels occured frequently, but with only a moderate dominance of IgM. Sheep cell agglutination and latex fixation tests for rheumatoid factor were occasionally positive. Several features of the disease suggest the possibility that immune-complex mechanisms may play a role in chronic Q fever. Treatment was with prolonged courses of tetracycline usually combined with lincomycin. Seven patients underwent valve replacement surgery for haemodynamic reasons. Five patients died; two from heart failure, one from cirrhosis, one seven days after valve replacement and one from intraperitoneal haemorrhage following percutaneous liver biopsy. Three patients have survived for more than five years, and another six for more than three and a half years after diagnosis. Of these nine patients, three received medical therapy alone and six required valve replacement as well. Antibiotics have been discontinued in four patients who have had valve surgery and three others. Six patients had received antibiotics for continuous periods varying from 29-62 months. In the period after stopping therapy varying from 15-21 months, no relapse has occured. A seventh patient, who had received antibiotics for four months prior to valve replacement, has survived 43 months after the withdrawal of antibiotics...
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PMID:Chronic Q fever. 94 Sep 18

Two clinical cases of female patients with hepatic cirrhosis and autoimmune multisystemic involvement with infectious intercurrent are reported. Case 1 presented infective endocarditis and erysipelas on the left thigh. In the course of the clinical picture a cutaneous vasculitis developed in the same place together with autoimmune thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and pulmonary restrictive picture with inflammatory pattern. There are also elevate immune complexes and complement consumption. Case 2 presented erysipelas on the left thigh cutaneous vasculitis and complement consumption. In Case 1 the infective endocarditis was treated with antibiotic therapy during 4 weeks followed by 1 mg/kg corticoid (Prednisone) with thrombocytopenia and leukopenia reversion. Case 2 presented an improvement with antibiotic only. The relation between chronic liver diseases and systemic autoimmune phenomena is commented, special attention being paid to the cutaneous, hematological and pulmonary affection.
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PMID:[Two cases of severe cutaneous vasculitis with thrombocytopenia associated with hepatic cirrhosis: autoimmune and infective-inflammatory component with endothelial lesion and restrictive pulmonary pattern in one case]. 130 15

The earliest written report of selenium poisoning is thought to be the description by Marco Polo of a necrotic hoof disease of horses that occurred in China in 13. century. However recognition of Se as toxic principle come in the early 1930s. Severity of Se poisoning depends on chemical forms of the element, species of animals and routes of administration. The soluble Se salts (Na2SeO3 and Na2SeO4) appear to be among the more toxic compounds; the Se inherent in grains and selenoamino acids (selenomethionine and selenocystine) appear to have relative moderate toxicity; the poorly soluble forms (e.g., elemental Se, Na2Se, SeS2 and diphenyl selenide) are among the least toxic of the Se compounds. In general, toxicity of Se compounds are substantially less when they are administered orally than when they are given parenterally. Rosenfeld and Beath described three clinical types of Se intoxication: acute selenosis, subacute selenosis (i.e., blind staggers type), and chronic selenosis (i.e., alkali disease type). Acute poisoning occurs when high Se content plants are consumed in large quantities within short period. Accidental acute poisoning occurs as consequence of errors in formulation of a Se supplemented diet. The most characteristic sign of acute selenosis is garlic breath due to the pulmonary excretion of volatile Se metabolites. Other signs include lethargy, excessive salivation, vomiting, dyspnea, muscle tremors and respiratory distress. Pathological findings are: congestion of the liver and kidney, fatty degeneration and focal necrosis of the liver, endocarditis and myocarditis. Subacute selenosis ("blind staggers") occurs as a consequence of exposure to large doses of Se over a longer period of time and manifests with neurological signs (e.g., blindness, ataxia, disorientation) and respiratory distress. This form of selenosis is most frequently observed in grazing animals that have consumed Se-accumulated plants. Chronic selenosis ("alkali disease") comes about when animals consume moderate levels of Se (more than 5 mg/kg and less than 40 mg/kg) for period of weeks or months. The usual clinical signs of chronic selenosis in horses, cattle and swine are: loss of hair (horses and cattle lose long hair from the mane and tails), emaciation, hoof lesions and lameness. In advanced cases liver cirrhosis, atrophy of the heart and anemia occur. In swine symmetrical poliomyclomalacia of cervical and lumbal/sacral spinal cord segment has been seen. Sheep seen to be more tolerant and get milder form of the disease. They lose appetite and have reduced gain. In growing chicks reduced gain and feed intake, rough feathers, and characteristics of nervousness has been observed. Reduced egg production, embryonic deformations and reduced hatchability has been observed in hens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Selenium toxicity in domestic animals]. 134 Apr 80

To estimate the impact of intravenous drug use (IVDU) on mortality in the general population of young adults in Rome, Italy, the Population Attributable Risk (PAR) was calculated for the overall and cause-specific mortality in the 15-34 years age group. Relative risks were derived from a previous historical cohort study on mortality among 4200 intravenous drug users (IVDUs) in Rome, in which increased mortality from cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal diseases as well as from violence, overdose and AIDS had been observed. The prevalence of the risk factor (i.e. the proportion of IVDUs) in the general population was estimated using the 'multiplier formula' and 'capture-recapture' methods. The proportion of all deaths attributable to IVDU in the 15-34 age group in the Roman population was 16% and 9% in males and females, respectively. The cause-specific attributable proportions were 66% for endocarditis and 37% for cirrhosis in males, and 36% for endocarditis and pneumonia in females. These findings further document the relevant health consequences of IVDU on the general population of a large metropolitan area.
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PMID:The impact of intravenous drug use on mortality of young adults in Rome, Italy. 149 77

A historical cohort study was carried out in Rome to examine overall and cause-specific mortality among intravenous drug users (IVDUs). A total of 4200 IVDUs (3411 men and 789 women) enrolled in methadone treatment centers between 1980 and 1988 were studied. There were 239 deaths during the follow-up period. The overall SMR was 10.10 in the entire cohort (95% confidence interval, 8.86-11.47), 9.30 in males and 18.07 in females. A large excess of mortality in both sexes was found for infectious, circulatory, respiratory, and digestive diseases as well as for violence, overdose, AIDS, and unknown or ill-defined causes. Tumors and suicide were excessive only in males. Deaths due to drug overdose, violence or trauma, and cirrhosis accounted for 63.6%, AIDS for 7.1%, endocarditis and other bacterial infections for 7.1%, and neoplasms for 3.8% of total mortality. These findings document serious health consequences of drug abuse in Italy.
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PMID:Mortality of intravenous drug users in Rome: a cohort study. 192 19

We evaluated 77 patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis for balloon valvuloplasty. Five patients were excluded from the procedure due to the presence of intra-atrial thrombi or mitral valve endocarditis as detected by 2D echocardiography. The mean age of the 72 treated patients was 38 +/- 11 years, 68 were NYHA functional class II or IV: only 6 patients had valvular calcification. Three patients had severe liver failure, 2 were chronic alcoholics, one had liver cirrhosis, 2 had severe weight loss and 13 had pulmonary hypertension at systemic levels. 69 patients had a technically adequate procedure, one patient died, 1 developed cardiac tamponade and 1 failed. Mitral valve area increased from 0.93 +/- 0.34 to 2.38 +/- 0.67 cm2. Mitral incompetence increased in only 16 patients. After a mean follow up period of 15 +/- 5 months (range 8 to 27), 56 patients remained in FC I or II. Mitral valve area remained satisfactory in 54 patients. Mitral valve anatomy evaluated by echocardiography is helpful to predict immediate and late outcome. We conclude that balloon mitral valvuloplasty is the first choice for patients with severe symptomatic mitral stenosis.
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PMID:[Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty as a treatment of choice for mitral stenosis. Immediate results and long-term follow-up]. 184 2


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