Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recent progress in image-controlled, localized proton MR spectroscopy offers a non-invasive means of gaining unique insights into brain metabolism in man. Combined studies with MR imaging can be performed within about 1 h. Results obtained in healthy subjects provide the basis for reliable identification and quantification of metabolite concentrations in the CNS and allow determination of their regional variability and age dependence. Clinical applications include infarcts, tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases, and also metabolic disturbances resulting from diseases of the internal organs, such as diabetes mellitus or liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Localized proton MR spectroscopy. A non-invasive insight into brain metabolism]. 175 81

Patients with cirrhosis of liver are more prone to have accompanying diabetes mellitus. The present study was conducted to investigate various biochemical parameters in patients with hepatic cirrhosis without diabetes. In these patients blood pyruvate, total bilirubin and globulin levels were elevated as compared to normal individuals. In contrast serum albumin level declined significantly whereas no significant change was observed in the concentrations of blood glucose, total proteins, total lipids, urea and serum cholesterol. These studies confirm the previous reports that carbohydrate metabolism is deranged in hepatic cirrhosis which may lead to diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Carbohydrate metabolism in liver cirrhosis. 177 May 58

Eight patients with hemochromatosis (HC) were followed up. For a long time HC ran a latent course. Throughout many years, the symptoms occurred at varying succession. In many cases, the first manifest symptoms included skin itch, arthropathy, and diabetes mellitus. They may be dominant in the clinical picture for a long time, masking the genuine cause of the disease. The correct diagnosis was established, as a rule, at the pronounced stage of HC. Before that event the patients were followed up and treated by the endocrinologist (3 persons), by the infectionist (2 persons), dermatologist and traumatologist (2 persons), and by the internist (1 person). Appearance of one of the symptoms of the classical triad can be regarded as the onset of HC. The cardinal symptoms that determine the clinical picture progressed for the most part: liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, and melanoderma. The first two require appropriate correction. Melanoderma presents a cosmetic and social and psychological problem. In HC patients, disorders occurring by the type of liver porphyria are recordable. They are of secondary nature, being an unfavourable prognostic sign. Investigation of iron metabolism in patients suffering from chronic liver diseases should be carried out by all means, since it can be regarded a specific enough test in the diagnosis of HC. Emphasis is laid on the importance of early diagnosis of HC.
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PMID:[The clinical characteristics of the course of hemochromatosis]. 178 14

Effective contraceptives contribute to the regulation of births, protect the health of women, reduce maternal and perinatal mortality and gynecological diseases, and prevent abortion-related complications. Complications after abortion average 30%, and among primigravidas the rate reaches 45%. Abortion can result in sterility and in the inability to carry out the pregnancy. Oral contraceptives (OCs) are used by 150 million globally. In new preparations ethinyl estradiol (EE) and levonorgestrel (LNG) are the most common components. In the 2-phase and 3-phase preparations Sequilar, Anteovin, and lipid profile safe Triquilar the gestagen component was reduced 40%. Continuin and Famulen are minipills, and Postinor is a postcoital contraceptive. Absolute contraindications of OCs include thromboembolytic diseases, severe cardiovascular system diseases, liver disorders, cirrhosis, cerebral vascular diseases, grave diabetes, jaundice, and malignant tumors of the mammae and sexual organs. Rigevidon, Triquilar, and Trisiston have high steroid content with minimal side effects. The protective effect of OCs are: 2-3 times lower risk of inflammation of the small pelvis, lower risk of malignant and benign ovarian tumors that lasts even after discontinuation, uterine cancer prevention (antiproliferation effect on the endometrium and inhibition of mitotic activity of the myometrium), and reduced risk of benign breast neoplasms. The finding that estrogen-induced risk of breast cancer increases with longterm contraceptive use in young nulliparas has not been persuasively proven. The optimal duration of uninterrupted OC use is 1-1.5 years. Monophasic estrogen-gestagen preparations include Bisecurin, Non-Ovlon, Ovidon, Rigevidon, Minisiston, and Demulen with low dosages of EE, LNG, norethisterone acetate, and diacetate ethonodiol. Norplant is a subdermal silastic capsule with effectiveness for up to 5 years.
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PMID:[Hormonal contraception]. 178 55

What then are the lessons to be learned about prevention and treatment of hemochromatosis? Early diagnosis is essential. The best indicator would be testing of serum iron and total saturation followed by a serum ferritin if elevated. Once these indices are abnormally high, MRI and or a liver biopsy should confirm the stage of the iron over-loaded state. If indeed the patient is not iron-overloaded (normal liver biopsy in the face of high saturation and ferritin level) phlebotomies should be performed until these indices are normal and then maintained at a normal level. This should entail four to six phlebotomies a year. Family members should also be screened and managed in a like manner. HLA typing may be a partially helpful screening device. The abnormal gene is closely linked on chromosome 6 with HLA histocompatibility loci. Now, by means of HLA typing, we can identify heterozygote carriers and homozygous (abnormal) among first degree relatives of patients with hemochromatosis. Unfortunately, HLA typing can only be used within a given family and cannot be used to screen the general population. It is estimated that 70% of hemochromatoics have the antigen HLA-A3; however, so does 28% of the (well) general population. Patients with unexplained cirrhosis, arthritis, liver disease, diabetes, impotency, cardiomyopathy and neurological symptoms should be screened in a like manner. Routine health practice profile chemistries must include a serum iron and iron saturation, and if high followed by a serum ferritin. Once diagnosed, therapy must be maintained with phlebotomy for the life time of the patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hemochromatosis: diagnosis and treatment. 179 61

The relationship between selected aspects of medical history and the risk of colorectal cancer was analysed using data from a case-control study of 673 cases of colon cancer, 405 of rectal cancer and 1501 controls in hospital for acute, non-neoplastic, non-digestive tract conditions, unrelated to known or suspected risk factor for large bowel cancer. Significantly elevated risks (RR) were observed for history of cholelithiasis (RR = 1.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.1] for colon; 1.6 [1.2-6.4] for rectum) and diabetes (1.6 [1.1-2.3] for colon; 1.3 [0.8-2.0] for rectum), and a significant protection emerged for history of drug allergy (0.6 [0.4-0.9] for colon; 0.6 [0.5-1.0] for rectum). No significant association was found with thyroid disease, gastroduodenal ulcer, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, gastrectomy, appendicectomy, treatment with cimetidine/ranitidine, treatment with chenodesoxycholic acid or with blood transfusions. The associations with cholelithiasis, diabetes and drug allergy were not materially modified by allowance for major identified potential confounding factors, and were not restricted to the diseases diagnosed within 5 or 10 years before large bowel cancer diagnosis. Thus, the analysis of this large dataset offered further quantitative evidence suggesting a possible, however moderate, association between gallbladder disease and colorectal cancer risk, which may be related to enhanced or continuous secretion of secondary bile acids. The associations with diabetes and drug allergy were unexpected, and probably indirect, lacking previous epidemiological support or any obvious biological interpretation. Thus, they should be simply regarded as working hypotheses worthy of further consideration.
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PMID:History of selected diseases and the risk of colorectal cancer. 182 66

The authors describe 32 patients with hemochromatosis observed from 1965 through 1990 (28 men and 4 women). The diagnostic role of serum iron determination and liver biopsy is emphasized. The therapeutic results of bloodletting (500 ml weekly for several years) dyspheral (1-1.2 g intramuscularly daily for 1-2 years and longer). This treatment did not essentially influence the course of diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis as well as the articular and endocrine syndromes. The clinical effect of this treatment lasted for 6-8 years.
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PMID:[The characteristics of the clinical course of hereditary hemochromatosis]. 186 21

Postmortem examination of 21 patients showed a vacuolar myelopathy resembling that associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Underlying diseases included six cases of leukemia or lymphoma, five of carcinoma, three of systemic lupus erythematosus, two of chronic lung disease, and one each of cadaveric renal transplant, cirrhosis, diabetes, hemophagocytic syndrome, and viral encephalitis. Fourteen patients were on long-term steroid therapy and 10 of these also had immunosuppressive chemotherapy. No patient had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, although one received blood transfusions in 1978. Signs and symptoms consistent with myelopathy included paraparesis in seven patients, ataxia in one, and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes in one. Microscopic examination showed vacuolation in spinal cord white matter primarily located in posterior and lateral columns. Lipid-laden macrophages and axonal changes were proportional to the severity of the vacuolation, which was severe in five patients, moderate in 10, and mild in six. Eight patients had coexistent viral diseases elsewhere in the central nervous system, but viral-associated antigens or genomic material was not found in regions of vacuolated spinal cord white matter. Although the etiology of these myelopathies is unknown, their association with immune suppression and coexistent viral infection of the central nervous system suggests that an opportunistic viral infection may be important.
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PMID:Idiopathic myelopathies with white matter vacuolation in non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. 186 65

Hereditary haemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disease that is genetically expressed by excessive accumulation of iron in the tissues, resulting in cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy and hypogonadism. As the disease may be diagnosed before the appearance of symptoms, and prevented by repeated phlebotomies, there are strong implications for adoption of a screening procedure. Determinations of transferrin saturation (TS) and serum ferritin concentration (SF) were used to screen 4302 blood donors, who were selected for follow-up studies if they fulfilled any of the following three criteria: (i) TS greater than or equal to 0.7; (ii) TS greater than or equal to 0.5 together with SF greater than or equal to 150 micrograms l-1; (iii) SF greater than or equal to 300 micrograms l-1. A total of 58 subjects who fulfilled at least one of these criteria were reinvestigated, after which 18 individuals still fulfilled at least one criterion. Fifteen subjects having SF greater than or equal to 300 micrograms l-1 were offered liver biopsy and thirteen of these accepted. In one individual, no stainable iron was detected, and two subjects did not fulfil the previously established diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of hereditary haemochromatosis. Ten subjects who had a high TS and liver iron grade 2-4 according to Bassett were classified accordingly as homozygotes. On the basis of these results, the prevalence of haemochromatosis in Denmark was estimated to be 0.0037-0.0046.
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PMID:Screening for haemochromatosis: prevalence among Danish blood donors. 189 49

During the period 1950-1985, a total of 179 cases of clinically overt hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) were registered in Denmark, 140 males and 39 females. Median age at diagnosis was 55 years (range 29-81). Diagnostic approaches, symptoms and physical signs at discovery are described. All patients had grade 3-4 liver haemosiderin iron, and cirrhosis was present in 84%. Serum (S-) transaminase was elevated in 92%, S-alkaline phosphatase in 47% and S-bilirubin in 23%, while plasma prothrombin time was below normal in 34%. Females had higher alkaline phosphatase than males (p less than 0.05). Bone marrow haemosiderin iron (n = 81) showed no relation to iron status indicators and was unsuitable as a diagnostic tool. Skin biopsy (n = 56) was positive for haemosiderin iron in 67% and for melanin in 57%, but was of limited value in the assessment of HH. Arthropathy was registered in 44%; arthralgias and clinical joint abnormalities occurred more frequently in females than in males (p less than 0.05). Latent diabetes mellitus was found in 34% and overt diabetes in 55%, being more frequent in males than in females (p less than 0.05). Other endocrine abnormalities were seen in 66%. Cardiac failure was observed in 9% and abnormal ECG in 35%. Males had higher haemoglobin (p less than 0.0001) and S-iron (p less than 0.01) than females, while S-transferrin, transferrin saturation, S-ferritin and mobilizable iron stores showed no significant sex differences. Median transferrin saturation was 87% (range 52-100); values greater than 62% were observed in 96% of the patients. Median S-ferritin was 3,400 micrograms/l (800-12,700) and median iron stores 14.8 g (4.5-36.4).
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PMID:Hereditary haemochromatosis in Denmark 1950-1985. Clinical, biochemical and histological features in 179 patients and 13 preclinical cases. 191 39


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