Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case is described of permanent atrial paralysis in a 68 year old female with diabetes and cirrhosis of the liver. Absence of electrical atrial activity was expected on the standard electrocardiogram, and confirmed by intracavitary electrophysiological investigation which showed the ineffectiveness of stimulation of both the right atrium and the coronary sinus. Recording of the His potentials showed that the resultant rhythm was of supra-ventricular origin. The absence of mechanical atrial activity was confirmed radiographically, on the jugular venogram, on the apexogram, and on the tracings of right atrial and pulmonary capillary pressure. A search was made for muscular or neuromuscular dystrophy which has often been found in association with this arrhythmia, but none was found. There may be an etio-pathological relationship between carbohydrate metabolism and atrial paralysis, as certain authors have suggested.
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PMID:[Permanent atrial paralysis]. 10 85

A girl with juvenile diabetes, liver cirrhosis, and 47,XX,21 +/46,XX chromosomal mosaicism is described. The immunoglobulin pattern suggested an autoimmune process. After prednisolone treatment the IgG level and liver function tests became normal and the liver histology improved.
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PMID:Simultaneous occurrence of diabetes, liver cirrhosis, and 47, XX,21 +/46, XX chromosomal pattern. 12 67

A 71-year-old woman showed a highly unusual pattern of iron distribution in the organism which was associated with iron overload. The hallmark of this disease was an extreme hypersiderinemia, the serum iron reaching about 800 mug/100 ml. There was a pigment cirrhosis of the liver, bronzed skin containing hemosiderin, and diabetes mellitus. Paradoxically, hemosiderin was not detectable in bone marrow macrophages, sideroblasts and erythrocytes were reduced, and there was a decrease in radioiron utilization of erythropoiesis, thus indicating insufficient iron supply. The pathogenesis of this disorder based on the formation of an autoantibody with specificity for transferrin thus producing a circulating immune complex which bound the majority of serum iron. Immunosuppression achieved a partial remission including a recovery of the patient's general state, a rise in free transferrin, a decrease in serum iron, disappearance of hemosiderin in the liver, and a rise in erythrocyte production.
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PMID:Transferrin-immune complex disease. 13 71

The female patient initially showed the acquired type of total lipoatrophy at about 8 years of age. At 12 years of age, the onset of diabetes mellitus was speculated from advanced pyodermia and dedentition. At 29 years of age, glucosuria was found, and she developed proteinuria, ascites, and pretibial edema. The physical examination revealed: hepatosplenomegaly, complete absence of subcutanous fat, cutaneous xanthomas, and emaciated facies with pronounced zygomatic arches. Diabetic retinopathy was revealed in the ophthalmological examination, and nephropathy was evident in renal biopsy specimens. She also had peripheral diabetic neuropathy. No adipose tissue was found in the mesenterium under peritoneoscopy. The hepatic biopsy specimen revealed advanced portal liver cirrhosis. Laboratory findings included: hyperlipidemia, elevation of BMR without evidence of hyperthyroidism, impaired renal function, and undetected anti-insulin antibodies and anti-insulin antibodies. Endocrinological examinations revealed normal value, except for an impaired hGH response in the arginine test. C-peptide immunoreactivity was high. Her condition was fairly well controlled by 140 units of insulin injection daily.
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PMID:Lipoatrophic diabetes. Report of a case. 15 92

Observations on the clinical effects of venesection therapy in 85 treated, as compared with 26 untreated, patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis showed decreased pigmentation and hepatomegaly together with a return to normal tests of liver function in half the patients who had abnormal tests at presentation. Control improved in 28 per cent of those patients with diabetes mellitus, although some patients developed it during the period of observation, despite venesection. Portal hypertension, testicular atrophy and arthropathy were not improved. In only 12 patients was there sufficient reaccumulation of iron after the initial course of venesection to merit further treatment. Rates of iron accumulation in these patients varied between 1-4 mg and 4-8 mg per day and chelatable iron levels were noted to be inappropriately high in relation to body iron stores during the early stages of the reaccumulation period. Life table data shows that the percentage survival five and ten years after diagnosis was 66 and 32 per cent respectively for the treated patients, and 18 and 6 per cent respectively for the untreated patients, both statistically highly significant differences (p less than 0-01). Possible clinical differences such as age of presentation, the presence of diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, clinical hepatic failure and hepatoma between the treated and untreated groups that might otherwise have weighted survival in favour of the treated group were corrected by the use of covariant analysis. This gave mean log survival values of 4-15 and 2-88 for the treated and untreated patients respectively, equivalent to 63-4 months and 17-8 months, a highly significant difference (p less than 0-01). Ten patients, all of whom had cirrhosis at the time of diagnosis, died of malignant hepatoma between three and 15 years after completing venesection therapy. There was also a high rate of death from neoplasms in a variety of other sites--22 per cent in the venesected group, strikingly higher than that rate predicted for a similarly aged population using national cancer mortality rates.
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PMID:Long term results of venesection therapy in idiopathic haemochromatosis. 18 63

The present study deals with 30 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and 12 patients with infective hepatitis who were studied clinically, neurophysiologically and histopathologically for the presence of neuropathy. Simultaneously, 13 healthy individuals were evaluated as controls. Clinical evidence of neuropathy was found in 63.3% of the patients with hepatic cirrhosis and in 16.6% of the patients with infective hepatitis. In hepatic cirrhosis, the conduction velocities were abnormal in 33.3% and histopathological demyelination was found in 80% of the patients. In infective hepatitis, on the other hand, altered nerve conduction velocities were found in 41.6% and segmental demyelination in 75% of the patients. Our data reveal that peripheral nerve involvement is seen both in chronic and acute liver disorders. The neuropathy in hepatic cirrhosis is unrelated to diabetes, alchoholism or portacaval shunt and may be due to unknown metabolic abnormality or to toxins. In infective hepatitis, the neuropathy may either be due to some acute metabolic derangement or may be purely viral in origin.
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PMID:Neuropathy in hepatic disorders. A clinical, electrophysiological and histopathological appraisal. 18 94

The enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is widely distributed throughout the body, notably kidney, seminal vesicles, pancreas, liver, spleen and brain. Being one of the enzymes of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, it is involved in aminoacid transport, catalysing a transpeptidation reaction between gamma-glutamyl peptides and most common amino acids. Methods of assay of the enzyme are based on its ability also to act on synthetic amides of glutamic acid; kinetic methods monitoring the release of p-nitroaniline from the substrate L-gamma-glutamyl p-nitroanilide are the most satisfactory. In diseases of the liver, the highest levels occur in association with cirrhosis, alcoholism, hepatic secondaries and cholestasis. As the enzyme is present in the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocyte, its activity is increased in situations leading to microsomal enzyme induction. Raised levels can also occur in pancreatitis, diabetes, myocardial infarction, congestive cardiac failure, chronic renal failure, cerebrovascular accidents, cerebral tumours and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although the lack of specificity must be recognised, the estimation can be useful in the elucidation of some clearly defined problems arising during investigation of patients with suspected hepatic disease, especially where performed as part of a biochemical profile.
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PMID:Role of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. 24 76

In view of the importance of insulin in hepatic cell proliferation and regeneration, disturbances might be expected in these processes in diabetics. The relative importnace of insulin replacement given intraportally rather than subcutaneously is discussed. Results are presented showing that even when normoglycaemia is achieved with peripheral insulin infusion using the 'artificial pancreas' there are still abnormalities in intermediary metabolism. The incidence of cirrhosis in diabetes is reviewed and it is concluded that the evidence is poor for an increase in diabetics. Finally it is shown that in the normal diabetic rat changes are observed after partial hepatectomy consistent with an increase in redox potential within the regenerating liver. Insulin treatment improves redox status but does not completely reverse the changes shown.
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PMID:Hepatotrophic factors: implications for diabetes mellitus. 24 6

N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (Bz-ty-PABA) was orally administered to 11 controls, 10 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 7 patients with diabetes mellitus and 6 patients with liver cirrhosis. The cumulative 6 h recovery rate of PABA in the urine was significantly lower (P less than 0.005) in patients with chronic pancreatitis (49.1 + or - 10.1 percent), diabetes mellitus (50.4 + or - 20.4 percent) and liver cirrhosis (52.5 + or - 13.0 percent) than in the control group (79.5 + or - 12.0 percent) (mean + or -S.D.). This test is considered to be useful in the diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, especially in chronic pancreatitis. Patients with diabetes mellitus frequently has demonstrable abnormality of pancreatic exocrine function. Liver cirrhosis causing severe impairment of liver functions seemed to interfer with the elimination of PABA.
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PMID:Study on the exocrine pancreatic function by the oral administration of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-para-aminobenzoic acid. 30 23

In the plasma of healthy subjects, 4 fractions of immunoreactive glucagon are found. The first has a molecular weight of about 160000, the second of 9000, the third 3500 and the fourth about 2000. The third probably corresponds to the intact hormone glucagon. In cirrhosis of the liver and diabetes mellitus, a statistically significant rise in the third fraction has been found. In patients with tumors of the pancreatic A-cells, in addition to the third fraction the second in particular was also increased: it may be a precursor of the glucagon molecule. In chronic renal insufficiency, fractions 2 and 3 were as markedly increased as in glucagonoma, which suggests a role for the kidney in the decomposition of glucagon. The pathophysiologic significance of the four immunoreactive fractions of glucagon cannot yet be assessed with certainty.
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PMID:[Circulating types of human glucagon (author's transl)]. 30 29


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