Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and the association between these genotypes and the clinical status of HBV-infected patients were recently investigated in the Lebanese population. The aim of the additional study reported here was to determine the current prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection and the range of HDV genotypes in this Lebanese population. Two hundred and fifty-eight HBsAg-positive patients (107 asymptomatic blood donors, 92 with chronic hepatitis, 24 with cirrhosis, 15 with hepatocellular carcinoma, 20 patients on haemodialysis) from ten medical centers in Lebanon were tested for antibody to hepatitis D virus (anti-HDV). Those testing positive were analysed further for HDV-RNA and for genotyping by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Three samples (1.2%) were anti-HDV positive and out of these, only one was HDV-RNA positive (0.6%) and was analysed as HDV genotype I. Our results point to a low endemicity of HDV in the Lebanese population which is in sharp contrast to data reported from Lebanon 20 years ago and to the situation in neighbouring Arab and non-Arab countries in the Mediterranean region. HDV genotype I seems to be the predominant genotype in Lebanon and the Middle East.
 ...
PMID:Current prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection and the range of HDV genotypes in Lebanon. 1717 98

The implication of genotypes is recognized increasingly in the clinical course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and in response to anti-viral drugs of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Genotypic prevalence of both etiological agents varies geographically and no data are available for Tajikistan. To investigate the epidemiology and clinical significance of HBV and HCV genotypes in chronic hepatitis (group 1) and liver cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (group 2) patients in Tajikistan, 124 patients with chronic liver disease (group 1 = 84 and group 2 = 40) were enrolled. Genotypes of HBV, HCV, and delta hepatitis virus (HDV) were determined by sequencing. The overall prevalence of anti-HCV, HCV core antigen (HCVcAg) and HBsAg was 46% (57/124) and 41.1% (51/124), respectively. Coinfection of HCV/HBV, HBV/HDV, and HCV/HBV/HDV was found in 4.8% (6/124), 11.2% (12/124), and 0.8% (1/124) of cases, respectively. HDV genotype 1 was found in 19.6% (10/51) of HBsAg-positive patients. The HBV/HDV coinfection was relatively high in group 2 compared to group 1 (15% vs. 7.1%). HCV/1b detected in 84.6% (44/52) of HCV RNA-positive patients, followed by 3a (7.6%), 2a (5.7%), and 2c (1.9%). HBV/D was detected in 94.1% (48/51) of HBsAg-positive patients, followed by HBV/A [5.8% (3/51)]. T1762/A1764 double mutation was associated with liver cirrhosis/HCC in HBV-infected patients (P = 0.0004). This is the first study on the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis viruses among chronic liver diseases patients in Tajikistan. Among HBV-infected patients, the T1762/A1764 mutation was associated with liver cirrhosis/HCC.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiological and clinical evaluation of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and delta hepatitis viruses in Tajikistan. 1809 33

We evaluated 1336 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive subjects consecutively observed in 79 Italian hospitals over a 6-month period. The proportion of hepatitis B e antigen-negative cases was 86.4%, that of patients coinfected with hepatitis D virus was 9.7%, and the rate of patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus was 16.8%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age >49 years, alcohol abuse, and anti-hepatitis D virus and anti-hepatitis C virus positivity were independent predictors of progression to liver cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:Chronic hepatitis B in Italy: new features of an old disease--approaching the universal prevalence of hepatitis B e antigen-negative cases and the eradication of hepatitis D infection. 1817 Dec 24

Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACAs) are formed against phospholipids in various clinical conditions such as autoimmune diseases, malignancy, infectious diseases, alcohol-related and hepatic cirrhosis. The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of ACAs in patients with chronic hepatitis B together with positive total anti-delta antibodies, and to investigate the relationship between age, gender, and some laboratory parameters (ALT, AST, albumin, globulin, platelet number) of patients with chronic hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection, who were positive or negative for ACAs. A total of 60 patients (43 male, 17 female) with chronic hepatitis D infection [HBsAg positive, HBeAg negative, anti-HBe positive, anti-HBc IgG positive, anti-HBc IgM negative, total anti-delta positive, anti-HCV negative] and 30 patients (21 male, 9 female) without hepatitis D infection [HBsAg positive, HBeAg negative, anti-HBe positive, anti-HBc IgG positive, anti-HBc IgM negative, total anti-delta negative, anti-HCV negative] as control group were included to the study. ACA IgG and IgM were searched by a commercial microELISA kit (Euroimmun, Germany). The statistical evaluation was performed with Pearson's chi-square test, Student's t-test, and Fisher's exact test. Total ACAs positivity rate of 60 patients with chronic HDV infection, was found as 13.3%, in which four of the patients were positive for only ACA IgM, while four was positive for only IgG. Positivity for both ACA IgG and ACA IgM could not be detected in these patients. No patients in the control group had positivity for ACAs (IgG and/or IgM). A statistically significant difference was observed in terms of ACA positivity between patients with and without HDV infection (p< 0.05). After all, there was no statistically significant correlation between ACAs positivity and the age, sex, and laboratory parameters of the patients with chronic HDV infection, except lower serum albumin levels (p= 0.004). Although the data of this study revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between chronic HDV infection and anticardiolipin antibodies, it is clear that there is a need for further studies on this subject.
 ...
PMID:[Investigation of anticardiolipin antibodies in chronic hepatitis B infection together with total anti-delta positivity]. 1882 93

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infects human hepatocytes already infected with the hepatitis B virus increasing about ten fold the risk of cirrhosis and fulminant hepatitis. The lack of an appropriate cell culture system capable of supporting virus replication has so far impaired the detailed investigation of the HDV biology including the identification of host factors involved in pathogenesis. Here, we made use of a HDV cDNA stably transfected cell line, Huh7-D12, in a proteomic approach to identify the changes in the protein expression profiles in human liver cells that arise as a consequence of HDV replication. Total protein extracts from Huh7-D12 cells and of the corresponding non transfected human liver carcinoma cell line, Huh7, were separated by 2-DE. Differentially expressed spots were identified by MALDI-TOF followed by database searching. We identified 23 differentially expressed proteins of which 15 were down regulated and 8 up regulated in Huh7-D12 cells. These proteins were found to be involved in different cellular pathways. The down regulation of the histone H1-binding protein and of triosephosphate isomerase was confirmed by Real time PCR, and the up regulation of the La protein and lamin A/C was validated by western blot.
 ...
PMID:Proteome analysis of a human liver carcinoma cell line stably expressing hepatitis delta virus ribonucleoproteins. 1913 81

Chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections are the major causes of liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver-related mortality worldwide. Among factors known to influence the natural history of viral hepatitis are age at the time of infection, duration of infection, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, male sex, alcohol consumption, and coinfections. In hepatitis B, serum HBV DNA concentration emerges as the key factor for predicting the development of liver disease. Even patients with low viraemia seem at increased risk for liver cirrhosis and HCC. Coinfections with hepatitis C, hepatitis D and/or HIV are common and are associated with a more severe liver disease. The course of chronic hepatitis C is variable, but usually fibrosis advances slowly. In addition to the better-known factors- including coinfections with HBV and HIV- progression of liver disease is adversely affected by smoking, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance.
 ...
PMID:Natural history: the importance of viral load, liver damage and HCC. 1918 67

Treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection who have advanced disease or comorbidities can be challenging, and recommendations may differ from standard guidelines. Among the special populations that merit specific consideration are patients with compensated or decompensated cirrhosis, organ transplantation, acute hepatitis B, pregnancy, coinfection with hepatitis C and/or D virus, chronic renal failure, and children. Major advances have been made in management of many of these special populations because of recent increasing availability of oral nucleosides, which are generally well tolerated and highly effective despite presence of other morbidities or viral infections. Also important have been changes in the management of hepatitis B during the peri-liver transplantation period that allows for prevention of reinfection in the majority of cases. However, much remains to be done to determine which patients should be treated and which should be monitored on no specific therapy. Outcomes of chronic HBV infection in persons with coinfection and in children have varied from different areas of the world, but it is not clear whether these differences are due to host and racial differences or to viral genotypic differences. Further studies are particularly needed in assessing the safety and efficacy of therapy in pregnant women, in children, and in patients with hepatitis D and C virus coinfection.
 ...
PMID:Special populations with hepatitis B virus infection. 1939 10

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection causes fulminant hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of HDV pathogenesis, we examined the effects of HDV viral proteins, the small hepatitis delta antigen (SHDAg) and the large hepatitis delta antigen (LHDAg), on NF-kappaB signaling pathway. In this study, we demonstrated that TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB transcriptional activation was increased by LHDAg but not by SHDAg in both HEK293 and Huh7 cells. Furthermore, LHDAg promoted TRAF2-induced NF-kappaB activation. Using coimmunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrated that both SHDAg and LHDAg interacted with TRAF2 protein. We showed that isoprenylation of LHDAg was not required for the increase of NF-kappaB activity. We further showed that only LHDAg but not SHDAg increased the TNF-alpha-mediated nuclear translocation of p65. This was accomplished by activation of IkappaBalpha degradation by LHDAg. Finally, we demonstrated that LHDAg augmented the COX-2 expression level in Huh7 cells. These data suggest that LHDAg modulates NF-kappaB signaling pathway and may contribute to HDV pathogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis delta virus large antigen sensitizes to TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB signaling. 1971 Oct 42

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in an Italian region, Liguria (1,572,000 inhabitants), by means of a network of 12 referral centers for liver diseases. All patients with HBV surface antigen followed throughout 2006 were included. Personal data, infectious status with risk factors, other non-infectious risk factors for liver disease, clinical status, and treatment were the questionnaire. Four hundred forty-five patients (71% male) were evaluated. Their median age was 48 years (range 5-84), and 83.4% were of Italian origin. Community-acquired infection was the principal mode of HBV transmission (82.5%), followed by previous intravenous drug use (9.4%), perinatal transmission (6.3%), and transfusion-associated transmission (1.8%). Hepatitis B e-antigen was present in 20.4% of the patients, while co-infections with hepatitis D virus and/or hepatitis C virus and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were observed in 18.7% of the patients. Chronic active hepatitis was present in 62.5% of the patients, cirrhosis in 13.5%, hepatocellular carcinoma in 2.2%, and 21.8% of the patients were inactive carriers of HBV. In all, 42.5% of the patients were treated with interferon or lamivudine and/or adefovir-dipivoxil. Forty-nine patients were co-infected with HIV (86% on highly active antiviral therapy). Nevertheless, this study identified only 2.2% of the expected patients with HBV. Hence, it has to be reasoned that few potential infectious or treatable patients are referred to liver disease centers. HBV infection is still an underestimated health problem, and few potential infectious or treatable patients are referred to tertiary centers.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and virological survey of patients with hepatitis B surface antigen in an Italian region: clinical considerations and disease burden. 1977 94

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is endemic in Greenland with 5-10% of the population being HBsAg-positive (chronic carriers). Surprisingly, despite of the high prevalence of HBV infection, acute and chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma appear much less frequently than expected. The reasons for the low frequencies are unknown, but as a consequence implementation of a childhood HBV vaccination programme, though debated for years, has never been instituted. We describe an outbreak of hepatitis D (HDV) infection among children in a hepatitis B hyper-endemic settlement of 133 inhabitants on the west coast of Greenland. In 2006 a total of 27% of the inhabitants were HBsAg-positive (chronic carriers) and 83% were HBcAb-positive (previously exposed). Forty-six percent of the HBsAg-positive persons were below 20 years of age. On follow-up 1 year later a total of 68% of the HBsAg-positive persons were HDV-IgG positive. Five children, who were HBsAg-positive in 2006, had HDV-seroconverted from 2006 to 2007, indicating a HDV-super-infection. Most of the HDV-IgG positive children had markedly elevated liver enzymes. In the multivariate analysis, among the HBV and HDV markers, presence of HDV-IgG was most strongly associated with elevation of liver enzymes. In conclusion, the HBV-HDV super-infection and presumed HDV outbreak in this settlement challenges the notion that HBV infection may not be as harmless in Greenland as previously anticipated. The findings strongly suggest that HBV vaccination should be included in the child-immunization program in Greenland.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis D outbreak among children in a hepatitis B hyper-endemic settlement in Greenland. 1978 Sep 37


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10