Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the case of a 68-yr-old woman who had previously undergone a total colectomy and ileostomy for Crohn's disease limited to the colon. She subsequently had recurrent episodes of severe stomal bleeding and was discovered to have micronodular cirrhosis. No definite stomal varices were seen by visual inspection, stomal endoscopy, stomal endosonography, or angiography. Nevertheless, multiple discrete, punctate bleeding pints were seen on the external mucosal surface of the stoma (not at the mucocutaneous junction). Despite undergoing numerous modes of treatment, the bleeding continued. The only successful and effective form of treatment was the placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.
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PMID:Portal hypertensive stomapathy: a newly described entity and its successful treatment by placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. 917 35

Smoking increases the risk of peptic ulcer disease and death from it. Smoking delays peptic ulcer healing, with or without treatment, and increases the risk of recurrence after healing. The effects of smoking on this disease are similar and equally pervasive in women and men. There is growing evidence that cigarette smoking is a risk factor for Crohn's disease (CD) in both women and men. However, women smokers appear to be at particular risk for this disease. In studies that examined this risk separately in women and men. At each level of smoking the excess risk in women smokers compared with nonsmokers clearly exceeded the excess risk in men smokers compared with nonsmokers. Smoking also appears to adversely affect the clinical course of CD in both women and men, but more so in women. The possible interaction between smoking and oral contraceptives with regard to the risk of CD deserves further study. There is growing evidence that current smoking protects against ulcerative colitis in both men and women. Although there is some evidence that smoking is a risk factor for gallstones, particularly in women, evidence to support a causal relationship is inadequate. Further studies, controlling for alcohol consumption in the analyses, are needed. Smoking does not appear to be a risk factor for cirrhosis of the liver.
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PMID:Smoking and diseases of the gastrointestinal system: an epidemiological review with special reference to sex differences. 921 61

Extraintestinal manifestations and metabolic complications are very frequent in patients with idiopathic inflammations of the gut and are encountered in at least 35% of these patients. In Crohn's disease extraintestinal manifestations are more frequent than in ulcerative colitis, in particular when the large bowel is affected. Metabolic complications are the result of inflammatory changes of the small intestine or develop as a result of the reduced reabsorption surface of the gut. As to the relationship to the activity of the idiopathic inflammation of the gut, extraintestinal manifestations can be differentiated into those which depend on the activity of the basic disease and those which lack this dependence. From the aspect of a long-term prognosis extraintestinal manifestation independent on the activity of the inflammation of the gut are much more serious, because as a rule they have a long-term and usually progressive trend. The most serious extraintestinal complication is primary sclerotizing cholangitis which in the majority of patients leads to destruction of the biliary pathways and the development of biliary cirrhosis. Depending on the predominantly affected site of the biliary system, primary sclerotizing cholangitis is divided into three types. It is encountered much more frequently in ulcerative colitis than in Crohn's disease. Treatment of primary sclerotizing cholangitis is not very effective. At present it appears that the only drug with an effect on the course of the disease is long-term administration of urodesoxycholic acid. For patients with manifestations of hepatic insufficiency the only solution is transplantation of the liver. In all patients where the diagnosis of primary sclerotizing cholangitis was established, at the same time the possibility of inclusion in a transplantation programme should be considered. The relationship between sclerotizing cholangitis and pericholangitis has not been resolved conclusively. At present the majority of authors is inclined to believe that pericholangitis is part of changes associated with sclerotizing cholangitis. Other hepatobiliary complications of idiopathic inflammations of the gut such as cholelithiasis and parenchymatous liver damage, steatosis of the liver and chronic autoimmune hepatitis are not such a serious problem as sclerotizing cholangitis.
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PMID:[Hepatobiliary complications of idiopathic intestinal inflammations]. 922 Nov 79

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are autoantibodies directed against cytoplasmic constituents of neutrophil granulocytes. Antibodies with specificity for proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase are seromarkers for systemic vasculitides. ANCA with specificity for lactoferrin were described in patients with several idiopathic inflammatory diseases, such as the inflammatory bowel diseases and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the clinical significance of anti-lactoferrin autoantibodies is still unclear. In this study, we determined the clinical significance of anti-lactoferrin autoantibodies in sera from large groups of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Antibodies to human lactoferrin were detected by ELISA and by immunoblotting, using an extract of sonicated neutrophils as antigen source. Autoantibodies to lactoferrin were found in 29% of patients with UC, 13% of patients with CD, and 22% of patients with PSC. In inflammatory bowel diseases, the presence of anti-lactoferrin antibodies was not related to treatment, disease activity, duration of disease, or disease extent. In PSC, the presence of autoantibodies to lactoferrin did not correlate with duration of disease or the presence of cirrhosis. However, patients with PSC and coexistent UC had significantly more frequently antibodies to lactoferrin than PSC patients without IBD. In conclusion, autoantibodies to lactoferrin are a common feature of inflammatory bowel diseases and PSC. However, the clinical significance of those autoantibodies is limited as they lack sensitivity and specificity for those disorders. Future research should address the pathophysiological role of anti-lactoferrin ANCA and the influence of anti-lactoferrin ANCA binding on the functional properties of the lactoferrin molecule.
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PMID:Prevalence and clinical significance of anti-lactoferrin autoantibodies in inflammatory bowel diseases and primary sclerosing cholangitis. 978 75

We studied the correlation between serum soluble intercellular molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and clinicopathological features in patients with gastric cancer. The impact of sICAM-1 on prognosis was also evaluated. The sera from 224 patients with gastric cancer, 44 healthy individuals, and 35 patients with benign gastrointestinal diseases (4 patients with submucosal stomach tumors, 6 patients with gastric ulcers, 1 patient with Crohn disease, 2 patients with ulcerative colitis, 7 patients with gall stones, 5 patients with chronic pancreatitis, and 10 patients with liver cirrhosis) were measured for sICAM-1 titer using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay method. There was no correlation between the serum titer of sICAM-1 and the age or gender of healthy controls. Among patients with benign gastrointestinal diseases, the patients with liver cirrhosis had a significantly higher mean serum sICAM-1 titer than that of healthy controls (P < 0.0001). The mean serum sICAM-1 titer of all patients with gastric cancer was not significantly different from that of healthy controls. However, among the patients with stage IV and recurrent disease, the serum sICAM-1 titer of those with hematogenous metastasis was significantly higher than that of patients without hematogenous metastasis (P = 0.001). The patients with a high serum sICAM-1 titer of more than 304 ng/ml (mean of healthy controls plus SD) showed a significantly worse prognosis than patients with a low serum sICAM-1 titer (P = 0.010). Nevertheless, serum sICAM-1 titer was not an independent predictor of prognosis by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, serum sICAM-1 cannot be used as a tumor marker for early diagnosis. However, sICAM-1 in sera may still be worthwhile to measure for monitoring hematogenous metastasis.
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PMID:Clinical significance of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in gastric cancer. 1074 49

A 22-year-old woman without predisposing liver disease developed focal hepatic glycogenosis and hepatocellular carcinoma after 6 years of azathioprine therapy for Crohn's disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis has previously been described during immunosuppression, but this is the first report of disseminated focal hepatic glycogenosis after long-term azathioprine therapy.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma and focal hepatic glycogenosis after prolonged azathioprine therapy. 1092 28

The development of spiral computed tomography (CT) and subsequently multidetector CT has provided unparalleled opportunities for advancement of CT technology and clinical applications. One of the most influential developments has been CT angiography, which is the use of thin-section CT combined with postprocessing of imaging data by using a variety of three-dimensional reconstruction techniques to produce vascular maps that equal or exceed those provided by classic angiography in many applications. In the evaluation of pancreatic disease, the use of multidetector CT angiography enables the radiologist to produce vascular maps that clearly show tumor invasion of vasculature and the relationship of vessels to pancreatic masses. Anatomic areas for which the three-dimensional display is especially helpful include the confluence of the portal vein and the superior mesenteric vein and the more distal portions of the portal vein. Preliminary studies indicate that CT angiography may prove beneficial in the evaluation of ischemic bowel and active Crohn disease. CT angiography has proved extremely valuable for applications such as preoperative planning for hepatic resection, preoperative evaluation and planning for liver transplantation, pretreatment planning for patients considered for hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, and pretreatment evaluation of portal vein patency for a variety of reasons. CT angiography can also provide supplemental information in patients with cirrhosis, upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding due to varices, or primary extrahepatic neoplasms.
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PMID:From the RSNA refresher courses: CT angiography: clinical applications in the abdomen. 1159 44

Fibrosis is one of the hallmarks of inflammatory and repair processes in pathology. Various exogenous and endogenous stimuli, including tumor development, can induce inflammatory reactions. During the post-equilibrium phase after IV injection of non specific contrast media, CT and/or MR allow the study of these inflammatory answers to tumoral or infectious processes. Delayed enhancement of collagenic fibrous tissue during the late post-equilibrium phase is an essential complementary data in the characterization of many liver lesions: cirrhosis, cholangiocarcinoma, focal nodular hyperplasia, fibrous metastasis. but also for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic diseases (groove pancreatitis vs ductal adenocarcinoma) or of gastro-intestinal diseases (gastric adenocarcinoma vs lymphoma, mechanical complication vs inflammatory bouts of ileal Crohn's disease).
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PMID:[Fibrous tissue(s): a key for lesion characterization in digestive diseases]. 1198 97

Family planning practitioners should be aware of the possible effects of contraceptives on patients with gastrointestinal, liver, and gallbladder disorders. It is recommended that women with inflammatory bowel disease not become pregnant until their disease has been under control for 1 year. There is some evidence that oral contraceptive (OC) use is associated with an increased incidence of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Patients with stable, quiescent inflammatory disease can use a barrier method or, with reservations, a low-dose estrogen OC or a progestin-only preparation. No reports are available regarding the effect of the IUD on inflammatory bowel disease. Since ingestion of contraceptive steroids alters hepatocellular function, OCs are contraindicated during active liver disease or cirrhosis. The association between Oc use and cholelithiasis remains controversial. However, it has been determined that gallbladder bile is significantly more saturated with cholesterol during OC use than during normal menstrual functioning. OC use may precipitate clinically apparent gallbladder disease in women with subclinical cases. OC use should be avoided or pursued with great caution in women with a history of gallbladder disease or prior cholecystectomy.
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PMID:Colitis, hepatitis are disorders that pose counseling problems. 1233 12

The Department of Digestive Surgery was born in 1977. It is a part of the medical surgical unit of gastroenterology and hepatopancreatology. The various developed sectors concern hepatic surgery and liver transplantation (treatment of hepatic tumors and cirrhosis), pancreatic surgery and surgery of the biliary tract (treatment of benign and malignant pancreatic tumors, tumor of the biliary tract, chronic pancreatitis and biliary stones), surgery of morbid obesity (gastroplasty or gastric by-pass), surgery of the upper digestive tract (benign and malignant tumors of the oesophagus or the stomach, treatment of gastroesophageal reflux), surgery of the abdominal wall, colorectal surgery and surgery of the inflammatory bowel diseases (colorectal cancer, familial polyposis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), proctologic surgery and surgery of anorectal functional disorders, neonatal and paediatric surgery.
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PMID:[The surgical gastroenterology department]. 1258 13


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