Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the case of a Child class C cirrhotic patient who was diagnosed with coronary artery disease in the course of his pretransplantation evaluation. He underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB), which was complicated with acute renal failure. The morbidity and mortality associated with cardiac operation in patients with cirrhosis is discussed, and the potential advantage of OPCAB in this patient population is emphasized.
 ...
PMID:Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with Child class C liver cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation. 1687 85

The objective of this study was to quantify the incremental medical costs that are associated with untreated anemia among elderly patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). An analysis of claims and laboratory data between January 1999 and February 2005 was conducted. Inclusion criteria were age >/=65 yr, two or more hemoglobin readings, one or more claims for CKD, and two or more GFR values of <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (stages 3 to 5 CKD). Patients were excluded when they had cancer or lupus, had received organ transplantation, or were treated for anemia. An open-cohort design was used to classify patients' observation periods into anemia and nonanemia. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to compare periods of anemia and nonanemia for average monthly medical costs; the latter was adjusted for age, gender, GFR, diabetes, hypertension, liver cirrhosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and left ventricular hypertrophy. A subset analysis of patients with moderate CKD (stage 3) was conducted. A total of 2001 patients were identified. Untreated anemia was associated with a significant increase in medical costs, with an unadjusted incremental monthly cost of $1089 (P < 0.0001) and a cost ratio of 1.8:1 relative to nonanemia. After controlling for covariates, untreated anemia remained significantly associated with a cost increase (adjusted incremental monthly cost $503; cost ratio 1.4:1; P < 0.0001). Similar significant cost burden was observed in the subset of patients with moderate CKD. The retrospective observational design may be more susceptible to bias than a randomized, controlled trial. This large study, which was based on real-life practice data, demonstrated that untreated anemia in elderly patients with predialysis CKD was associated with a significant increase in medical costs.
 ...
PMID:Medical costs of untreated anemia in elderly patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease. 1708 45

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the main cause of death in renal transplant recipients. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and risk factors of post-transplantation CAD and its influence on the long-term results of surgery, as well as to evaluate the efficiency of myocardial revascularization in patients with severe CAD. Analysis of the observation of 479 renal recipients (332 men and 147 women) aged 38.69 +/- 11.2 was performed. The mean follow-up period was 64.56 +/- 37.44 months. Sixty-eight patients had diabetes mellitus. CAD was diagnosed in 14.8% (71 out of 479) renal recipients; in 12.7% of patients it developed de novo and was revealed 32.4 +/- 18.6 months after the surgery. Ten-year survival of renal recipients with CAD was only 39%, while in the group of non-CAD patients it was 75% (p < 0.0001). Age more than 45, male gender, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, infections, pre-existing left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy, and renal transplant dysfunction were defined as significant risk factors of CAD de novo. Multi-factor Cox model found only age more than 45 (p < 0.009), male gender (p < 0.00001), and hyperlipidemia (p < 0.0058) to be independent risk factors of CAD. Myocardial revascularization was performed in 29 patients with coronary lesions: 27 patients underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with stenting and 2 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (5 and 52 months after renal transplantation). However, angioplasty had to be repeated in 6 out of 27 (22%) patients within 3 to 6 months. The average follow-up duration was 23 months (2 to 74 months) after revascularization. Prolonged effect (more than 12 months) was achieved in 17 out of 29 (58.6%) patients. None of the patients developed myocardial infarction after revascularization. Two patients died 28 and 35 months after angioplasty due to extracardial complications (hepatic cirrhosis and an oncological disease); one patient died 78 months after repeated revascularization from progressive cardiac insufficiency while receiving dialysis due to a relapse of renal transplant insufficiency. Thus, CAD develops in 14.8% of renal transplant recipients; in 12.7 of patients it develops de novo. There are conventional and nonconventional post-transplantation CAD risk factors, which include renal transplant dysfunction and post-transplantation infections. Association with myocardial hypertrophy, observed in a significant number of patients, is a feature of post-transplantation CAD. Coronary revascularization, angioplasty with stenting in particular, may be considered to be an effective method of CAD treatment in renal transplant recipients.
 ...
PMID:[Coronary artery disease after renal transplantation: epidemiology, risk factors, and surgical approaches to treatment]. 1713 51

The cardiac hemodynamics of patients awaiting liver transplantation is complex. Coronary atherosclerosis, a hyperdynamic circulatory state and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy are present to a variable degree in this population. In this contribution to the Symposium on Portal Hypertension, we expand on our published experience with coronary angiography and cardiac hemodynamics at the time of evaluation of candidacy for liver transplantation in a cohort of 161 patients. Although we confirmed the relation of systemic hemodynamics with the degree of liver failure, we noted a higher prevalence of high output heart failure, defined as an increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in the setting of an elevated cardiac output, most notably in patients classified as Child C. Most patients with high pulmonary artery pressure also exhibited evidence of elevated left ventricle filling pressures. A low systemic vascular resistance, a marker of arterial vasodilatation, was similar in the presence of atherosclerosis, a condition where impaired vasorelaxation occurs as a result of endothelial dysfunction. The high prevalence of coronary artery disease in this series supports the observations that atherosclerosis is a major issue in the current population with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation. A lower sensitivity of noninvasive screening tools for the detection of coronary atherosclerosis is likely the result of the interaction of the hyperdynamic circulation with the performance of these tests.
 ...
PMID:Hemodynamic evaluation before liver transplantation: insights into the portal hypertensive syndrome. 1797 84

Comorbidities may affect the decision to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We undertook this study to determine the prevalence of these conditions in the HCV-infected persons compared with HCV-uninfected controls. Demographic and comorbidity data were retrieved for HCV-infected and -uninfected subjects from the VA National Patient Care Database using ICD-9 codes. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds of comorbid conditions in the HCV-infected subjects. HCV-uninfected controls were identified matched on age, race/ethnicity and sex. We identified 126 926 HCV-infected subjects and 126 926 controls. The HCV-infected subjects had a higher prevalence of diabetes, anaemia, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/asthma, cirrhosis, hepatitis B and cancer, but had a lower prevalence of coronary artery disease and stroke. The prevalence of all psychiatric comorbidities and substance abuse was higher in the HCV-infected subjects. In the HCV-infected persons, the odds of being diagnosed with congestive heart failure, diabetes, anaemia, hypertension, COPD/asthma, cirrhosis, hepatitis B and cancer were higher, but lower for coronary artery disease and stroke. After adjusting for alcohol and drug abuse and dependence, the odds of psychiatric illness were not higher in the HCV-infected persons. The prevalence and patterns of comorbidities in HCV-infected veterans are different from those in HCV-uninfected controls. The association between HCV and psychiatric diagnoses is at least partly attributable to alcohol and drug abuse and dependence. These factors should be taken into account when evaluating patients for treatment and designing new intervention strategies.
 ...
PMID:Co-morbid medical and psychiatric illness and substance abuse in HCV-infected and uninfected veterans. 1807 Feb 93

Hepatitis C viral infection (HCV) is presently a major problem in renal transplant recipients (RTR) with a high risk of chronicity resulting in liver cirrhosis. We screened 120 RTR (50 live related, 53 live unrelated, and 17 cadaveric); mean age of 45.2 years and mean post-transplant period of 6.8 years. Positive HCV antibodies using RIBA-2 test were detected in 43 patients (35.8%). Polymerase chain reaction was performed on 37 seropositive patients and confirmed viremia in 100% of hem. Forty-one seropositive patients (95.3%) had previous dialysis prior to transplantation; a mean of 4.5 years. Liver disease manifested in only five (11.6%) of the seropositive patients and hypertransaminasemia was detected in 14 (32.6%). Twelve seropositive patients with elevated transaminase levels and/or clinical evidence of liver disease, who all had positive PCR, underwent liver biopsy. Inflammation restricted to portal area was noticed in two, persistent hepatitis in three, chronic active hepatitis in four and cirrhosis in three. There was significantly higher incidence (P< 0.03) of acute graft rejection in the seropositive (23.3%) compared to the seronegative patients (9.1% ). While the difference did not amount to statistical significance for chronic rejection (9.3% and 6.5% respectively). Two patients had acute cellular rejection related to interferon therapy. The leading cause of death was related to liver failure in the seropositive patients and coronary artery disease in he seronegative RTR. In conclusion, there is high incidence of HCV in or renal transplant recipients associated with relatively high morbidity and mortality. At present we are lacking an efficient and well-tolerated antiviral drug.
 ...
PMID:The Impact of Hepatitis C Infection and Antiviral Therapy on clinical Outcome in Renal Transplantation Recipients. 1821 11

Liver transplantation is a stressful condition for the cardiovascular system of patients with advanced hepatic disease. The underlying hemodynamic and cardiac status of patients with cirrhosis is crucial to determine which patients should became recipients. Generally preoperative cardiovascular testing is performed on potential candidates who are more than 45 years old, or have diabetes mellitus, or peripheral vascular disease, or more than two standard cardiac risk factors. Recent data suggest that the prevalence of coronary artery disease among patients with cirrhosis is much greater than previously believed; it likely mirrors or exceeds the prevalence rate in the healthy population. The morbidity and mortality of patients with coronary artery disease who undergo orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) without treatment are unacceptably high. In conclusion, accurate preoperative cardiac evaluation according to the new American Heart Association & American College of Cardiology should lead to detect and treat coronary artery disease before liver transplantation. In case of alcohol-related cardiomyopathy, portopulmonary hypertension, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, there should be a case-by-case discussion by the hepatologist and cardiologist to consider the patient for liver transplantation. No robust data are available on the impact of decompensated dilated heart failure in this setting. If a recipient with cardiac disease is scheduled for OLT, we strongly suggest advanced intra- and postoperative hemodynamic monitoring plus transesophageal echocardiography.
 ...
PMID:The liver transplant recipient with cardiac disease. 1855 41

Patients with advanced liver disease are at increased risk of cardiovascular events, especially following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a novel and independent predictor of cardiovascular risk, but its prevalence and utility in patients with cirrhosis are unknown. The aim of this study was to define the prevalence of CAC and its association with markers of disease severity and standard measures of cardiovascular risk in a large cohort of patients undergoing OLT assessment. A single-center, prospective, observational study of 147 consecutive patients undergoing assessment for OLT was performed. CAC scores were derived with the Agatston method from thoracic computed tomography scans and correlated with cardiovascular risk factors and measures of liver disease severity. There were 101 patients (66 males) with a mean age of 53.2 years; 46 patients were excluded because the CAC score was not reported. The median CAC score was 40 HU (range, 0-3533). Correlations were identified between the CAC score and age (r = 0.477; P < 0.001), male sex (r = 0.262; P = 0.008), family history of cardiovascular disease (r = 0.208; P = 0.036), Framingham risk score (r = 0.621; P < 0.001), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score (r = 0.221; P = 0.027), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.285; P = 0.004), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.267; P = 0.007), cytomegalovirus status (r = 0.278; P = 0.005), fasting glucose (r = 0.330; P = 0.001), number of coronary vessels involved (r = 0.899; P < 0.001), and components of the metabolic syndrome (r = 0.226; P = 0.026). After multivariate analysis, age, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, number of features of metabolic syndrome, and number of vessels involved remained significantly associated with CAC. In conclusion, this study identified a high prevalence of occult coronary artery disease in patients undergoing OLT assessment and identified a strong relationship between CAC scores and a limited number of specific cardiovascular risk factors. The usefulness of these factors in predicting perioperative and postoperative cardiovascular events in patients undergoing OLT requires prospective evaluation.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of coronary artery calcification in patients undergoing assessment for orthotopic liver transplantation. 1902 24

Cardiac failure affects the liver and liver dysfunction affects the heart. Chronic and acute heart failure can lead to cardiac cirrhosis and cardiogenic ischemic hepatitis. These conditions may impair liver function and treatment should be directed towards the primary heart disease and seek to secure perfusion of vital organs. In patients with advanced cirrhosis, physical and/or pharmacological stress may reveal a reduced cardiac performance with systolic and diastolic dysfunction and electrophysical abnormalities, termed cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Pathophysiological mechanisms include reduced beta-adrenergic receptor signal transduction and defective cardiac electromechanical coupling. However, the QT interval is prolonged in approximately half of patients with cirrhosis and it may be improved by beta-blockers. No specific therapy can be recommended but it should be supportive and directed against the heart failure. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion and liver transplantation affect cardiac function in portal hypertensive patients and cause stress to the cirrhotic heart, with a risk of perioperative heart failure. The risk and prevalence of coronary artery disease are increasing in cirrhotic patients and since perioperative mortality is high, careful evaluation of such patients with dobutamine stress echocardiography, coronary angiography and myocardial perfusion imaging is required prior to liver transplantation. Future research should focus on beneficial effects of treatment on cardiac function and mortality.
 ...
PMID:The heart and the liver. 1921 Jan 13

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) as a single-stage restrictive bariatric procedure is becoming increasingly popular, especially in patients who are high risk and/or superobese. Between November 21, 2006, and September 30, 2008, 42 patients underwent LSG at our institution. Average age was 47 +/- 11 years, average body mass index was 54 +/- 10 kg/m2, and 62 per cent were female. Preoperative indications for LSG included contraindication to laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 11), severe coronary artery disease and/or congestive heart failure (n = 3), significant liver disease (n = 3), and patient preference (n = 4). Intraoperative indications for LSG included a foreshortened mesentery with inability to create a gastrojejunostomy (n = 13), extensive adhesions (n = 5), and intraoperative findings concerning for cirrhosis (n = 3). Twelve complications occurred in six patients: laparoscopic to open conversion (n = 1), reoperation (n = 3), nosocomial pneumonia (n = 1), wound infection (n = 1), bleeding (n = 1), pulmonary embolus (n = 1), readmission (n = 3), and superior splenic pole infarction. There was one death resulting from pulmonary embolism that occurred 2 weeks postoperatively. Preliminary excess body weight loss at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months was 29, 32 t, 38, and 30 per cent, respectively, and many patients had improvement or resolution of obesity-related comorbidities. Early review of our experience demonstrates that LSG may be an effective single-stage bariatric procedure. Additional follow up will be necessary to better define its long-term safety and efficacy.
 ...
PMID:Early experience with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as a single-stage bariatric procedure. 1988 41


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>