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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An analysis has been made of 235 deaths that occurred among 1905 patients with peptic ulcer who constituted a random sample of the occurrence of ulcer disease in an area of Denmark comprising half a million inhabitants. The disease itself, according to the death certificate, was considered the primary cause of death in 10% of the cases; half of these had been operated on immediately before death. The other patients died more frequently than expected from the following causes: chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, cancer of the lung, cirrhosis of the liver, and cancer of the pancreas. Although the comorbidity with chronic bronchitis and emphysema was especially pronounced in patients with gastric ulcer, the association with liver cirrhosis and cancer of the pancreas occurred only in patients with duodenal ulcer. In women the mortality rate attributable to cardiac and vascular diseases was lower than expected. No excess coincidence of suicide was found. Berkson's fallacy is considered to be of much less importance as a possible explanation of the comorbidity found in the present study than in the majority of publications concerned with this question.
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PMID:Causes of death in duodenal and gastric ulcer. 90 79

The relationship of stature with the prevalence of 18 chronic diseases or groups of diseases was analysed using data from the 1983 Italian National Health Survey, based on a sample of 63,859 individuals aged 20 or over randomly selected within strata of geographical area, size of the place of residence and of the household in order to be representative of the Italian population. Rate ratios (RR) were computed using multiple logistic regression, including terms for sex, age, geographical area, education and smoking. For 15 out of 18 diseases or groups of diseases the RR was below unity in the highest quartiles of height, and the inverse trends with stature were significant for 11 (diabetes, RR 0.90 for highest vs lowest quartile; heart disease, RR 0.92; chronic bronchitis and emphysema, RR 0.84; bronchial asthma, RR 0.70; anaemias, RR 0.70; liver cirrhosis, RR 0.62; urolithiasis, RR 0.76; renal insufficiency, RR 0.71; arthritis, RR 0.89; psychiatric and neurological disorders, RR 0.82). None of the diseases considered showed significant direct trends with height, but hypertension (RR 1.09 for the highest vs lowest quartile), haemorrhoids or varices (RR 1.09) and cancers (RR 1.22) tended to be elevated in the highest quartile of height. The generalised inverse relationship between height and prevalence of chronic disease suggests that poorer nutrition in childhood and adolescence is an unfavourable indicator for the subsequent occurrence of several diseases. Major exceptions were hypertension and varices, two conditions highly dependent on the pattern of health care utilization, and cancer.
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PMID:Height and the prevalence of chronic disease. 160 29

We report on the treatment of invasive aspergillosis with the new triazole antimycotic agent itraconazole. All 11 patients suffered from pulmonary invasive aspergillosis. Two patients also had cerebral aspergillosis; in one of these patients the paranasal sinuses were also invaded. Underlying diseases were acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (n = 3), acute myeloid leukaemia (n = 4); one patient underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation before he developed aspergillosis; another was transplanted after successful aspergillosis treatment, liver cirrhosis (n = 1), lung infarction after pulmonary embolism (n = 1), chronic bronchitis after pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 1) and AIDS (n = 1). In five cases initial diagnosis was established by means of mycological methods and clinical signs. In six patients invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was initially diagnosed due to the clinical criteria presented in this paper. Secondary mycological confirmation after onset of therapy was achieved in five out of these six patients. All of the patients initially responded to therapy. One female patient experienced a relapse of aspergillosis and died of cerebral involvement and relapsing leukaemia. Two further patients died due to underlying diseases (pulmonary embolism, relapsing leukaemia). Nine patients (82%) were cured of the mycosis, including the patient with cerebral involvement; two underwent surgical resection of residual pulmonary lesions. Itraconazole is a very effective drug for treatment of invasive aspergillosis. Therapeutic efficacy can be optimized by early diagnosis using clinical criteria and prompt start of treatment.
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PMID:Therapy of invasive aspergillosis with itraconazole: improvement of therapeutic efficacy by early diagnosis. 166 78

Ceftizoxime (CZX), a parenteral cephalosporin derivative belonging to the so-called third generation cephalosporin is reported to have a broad antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-negative aerobic bacilli and some anaerobes, such as Bacteroides fragilis and a good stability to beta-lactamases. Clinical study was performed on a total of 20 cases, 9 females (1 case had urinary tract infection 3 times) and 11 males, aged from 27 to 82 years. All patients had the underlying diseases. They were bronchial asthma in 3 cases, influenza in 1, chronic pulmonary emphysema in 1, pulmonary fibrosis in 1, chronic bronchitis with strongyloidiasis in 1, lung cancer in 3, esophagus cancer in 2, stomach cancer in 1, hepatoma with urolithiasis in 1, liver cirrhosis with diabetes mellitus in 1, alcoholism with strongyloidiasis in 1, cholelithiasis in 1 and congestive heart failure in 1, respectively. Clinical diagnoses for infections were 2-acute bronchitis, 2-exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 2-broncho-pneumonia, 2-pneumonia including one suspected case, 1-obstructive pneumonia, 2-secondary pulmonary infection, 1-pulmonary infection, 3-urinary tract infection (UTI), 1-UTI with sepsis, 1-sepsis, 1-sepsis with purulent meningitis, 1-biliary tract infection and 1-infected bronchoesophageal fistula. CZX was given by intravenous drip infusion, at a dose of 1 to 2 g, twice daily for 3 to 15 days. Because of severity in infections and underlying diseases, some cases were treated either steroid, gamma-globulin preparations or other antibiotics in combination with CZX. Twelve out of 15 cases assessed clinically responded satisfactorily to the treatment and efficacy rate was 80.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effectiveness of ceftizoxime on various infections in patients with underlying diseases]. 609 Jul 23

Causes of deaths in immigrants to England and Wales from the Indian subcontinent were assessed by ethnic subgroup. Observed and expected deaths for 1975-7 were aggregated to calculate proportional mortality ratios. Observed mortality due to infective and parasitic diseases, endocrine diseases (notably diabetes), diseases of the circulatory system (notably ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, in males), and diseases of the digestive system (notably cirrhosis of the liver) exceeded expected mortality. Fewer than expected deaths were due to malignant neoplasms (notably lung cancer and chronic bronchitis); proportional mortality ratios for cancer were lower for Hindu groups than for Moslems and were lowest for Punjabis. Mortality due to ischaemic heart disease, high in all groups, was highest in Moslems. Significantly more Punjabi males died from cerebrovascular disease and cirrhosis of the liver. Diabetes was commonest among Gujaratis. The variation seen in the patterns of mortality in the different ethnic groups indicates the need for further epidemiological and health service research centred on these communities.
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PMID:Patterns of mortality among migrants to England and Wales from the Indian subcontinent. 643 78

Twenty-five years ago, cigarette smokers in the United Kingdom smoked plain cigarettes with an average tar yield of probably about 35 mg. Now smokers predominantly smoke filter cigarettes and average tar yields have been reduced by half. Epidemiological evidence comparing mortality in smokers of differing types of cigarettes is reviewed. Compared with smokers of higher tar plain cigarettes, smokers of lower tar filters cigarettes have a reduced mortality for lung cancer, for cancer of the buccal cavity, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, and bladder, for chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and for cirrhosis of the liver. They also have a slightly significant. Problems of interpretation and limitations of the available evidence are discussed. No worthwhile evidence is yet available on smokers of "low tar' (0-10 mg) cigarettes and data are sparse on lifetime smokers of filter cigarettes. Continuing research is important to understand the situation fully, but the trends of lower mortality to be associated with lower tar and nicotine levels are promising.
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PMID:Mortality and type of cigarette smoked. 726 28

In patients with chronic diarrhoea investigations exceptionally reveal a common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia. A 42-year old man presenting with chronic bronchitis and asymptomatic post-hepatitis B cirrhosis was hospitalized for evaluation of a chronic diarrhoea accompanied by altered general condition. Investigations detected global hypogammaglobulinaemia, diffuse lymphoid hyperplasia of the small bowel, and lambliasis. Treatment with gammaglobulins and antibiotics resulted in disappearance of symptoms. This was a rare disease due to a primary disorder where global hypogammaglobulinaemia was associated with a normal number of circulating B-cells. Prognosis was cautious in view of the risk of malignant proliferation.
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PMID:[Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. A rare cause of chronic diarrhea. A case]. 827 24

The hospital mortality rate in our centre es 2.34% (264 deaths from a total of 11,336 discharges between 1991 and 1993). The most frequent causes are acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidents, followed in descending order by pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, congestive heart failure, upper GI haemorrhage, GI tumours, liver cirrhosis, lung tumours and arrhythmias. Our analysis reflects a mortality pattern of a rural population with an age pyramid in which 52% of the patients are older than 45 years. The pattern also reflects the little impact of accidents on our mortality. A 87% of the deaths were older than 65 years with a male to female ratio of 1, 6 and a Swaroop index of 93% and 94% for males and females respectively.
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PMID:[Analysis of hospital mortality at a regional hospital]. 952 9

We used data from the 1993 Italian Household Multipurpose Survey, based on a sample of 46,693 subjects ages 15 years or over, to analyze the relation between frequency of vegetable consumption and prevalence of 12 chronic diseases. We observed little association with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and allergy. There were inverse relations between vegetable consumption and myocardial infarction [odds ratio (OR) = 0.79 for the highest tertile], angina pectoris (OR = 0.89), chronic bronchitis (OR = 0.69), bronchial asthma (OR = 0.70), peptic ulcer (OR = 0.74), gallstones (OR = 0.92), liver cirrhosis (OR = 0.71), kidney stones (OR = 0.68), and arthritis (OR = 0.84). Adjustment for alcohol and tobacco use made little difference.
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PMID:Vegetable consumption and risk of chronic disease. 950 93

The prevalence of comorbidities in patients dismissed from hospitals has already been investigated to obtain economical, administrative and epidemiological information, or for health insurance-related problems. Originally designed for billing purposes, administrative data could be the basis for clinical research as well, although the clinical element has somehow been disregarded till now. The aim of this research is (i) to study the prevalence, and (ii) to evaluate the clinical relevance of comorbidities in patients dismissed from a Department of Internal Medicine. In a recent series of 1605 patients (since the Diagnosis-Related Groups-DRG-based hospital financing system has come into common use in Italy) comorbidities have been observed in 92.65% of the cases, while the percentage of comorbidities was rated as 71.97% in a previous series of 2551 patients dismissed from the same Department before the introduction of the DRG system. In the recent series, the prevalence of a single comorbid condition and of two and of three comorbid conditions was 19.50, 32.89 and 47.61%, respectively. In any case, the so-called comorbid conditions were active diseases requiring medical investigation and therapy. They included hypertensive heart disease, ischemic heart disease and angina, arrhythmias, peripheral vascular diseases, chronic bronchitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, diabetes, metabolic disorders, etc. In conclusion, patients referred to a Department of Internal Medicine have a high severity of illness due not only to the gravity of the primary diagnosis but also to the number and seriousness of comorbid conditions. For these patients more hospital resources and a high level of professional skill are required.
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PMID:[Comorbidity in internal medicine: analysis of a caseload of 4,156 subjects at their first hospitalization]. 1168 49


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