Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is general agreement that the prevalence of gallstones in cirrhotics is high (at least twice that in the general population), but the pathogenetic link between cirrhosis and cholelithiasis is still uncertain. The influence of cholelithiasis on survival in cirrhotics is also unknown. During an 8-year period, we observed 90 patients affected by decompensated cirrhosis: 36 of them (40%) turned out by cholecystographic/cholangiographic or ultrasonographic examination to have cholelithiasis. We were not able to demonstrate any correlation between cholelithiasis and sex, age of patients, etiology of cirrhosis, severity of the illness, degree of portal hypertension, previous gastrointestinal bleeding, number of pregnancies, or levels of serum cholesterol, bilirubin, and triglycerides. During the follow-up observation, (range, 1-91 months), 30 patients died. Survival curves analyzed by the log-rank test did not show any difference between patients with or without gallstones. We therefore confirm that cirrhosis is a lithogenic condition, but we were not able to explain the reasons for the close relationship between cholelithiasis and cirrhosis. Gallstones, however, did not affect the survival of these patients.
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PMID:Clinical significance of cholelithiasis in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. 222 96

Cases of alcoholic cirrhosis identified at necropsy were studied for the prevalence and type of gallstones, compared with age- and race-matched autopsy controls. Data were examined from 1970-1977 and 1980-1987. In the early sample of 460 cirrhotic patients, 33% had gallstone disease, contrasted with 12% in the controls. In the 1980s, among 299 patients, 46% had gallstone disease, whereas it was present in 13% of the controls. The prevalence of stones was significantly greater in the patients than in the controls for both time periods and, among the patients, was significantly greater in the 1980s than in the 1970s (p less than 0.05). A comparison of cirrhotic patients with and without gallstones indicated a significantly higher incidence of ascites in the patients with gallstones. The gallstones in cirrhotics were more frequently pigmented than in the controls in both time periods. In 100 living patients with advanced cirrhosis studied by sonography during 1987 and 1989, the prevalence of gallstones was 43%, almost the same as the autopsy sample from 1980-1987. In these cirrhotics, ascites, encephalopathy, and varices were more prevalent in the patients with stones than those without. We conclude that pigmented gallstones are increasing in cirrhosis of the liver related to the severity of the liver disease.
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PMID:Increasing prevalence of gallstones in male veterans with alcoholic cirrhosis. 225 23

This study was undertaken to analyse the clinical spectrum of chronic liver disease (cirrhosis, and others with portal hypertension) in Kuala Lumpur. Eighty patients were diagnosed over a 6-year period. Twenty-two had biopsy proven cirrhosis while 58 others had portal hypertension with clinical and biochemical evidence of chronic liver disease. The commonest aetiology was alcohol (36%), followed by the idiopathic variety and hepatitis B. The male to female ratio was 4.4:1. Indians had a high prevalence of alcohol-associated chronic liver disease. Overall, ascites was the commonest presentation. Eight patients presented with hepatocellular carcinoma. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was diagnosed in 13% of patients undergoing abdominal paracentesis. Gallstones were detected in 37% of patients who underwent ultrasonography. Diabetes mellitus and peptic ulcer disease were noted in 22% and 31% of patients respectively.
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PMID:Chronic liver disease in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a clinical study. 225 36

In order to evaluate risk factors in male breast cancer, a case-control study of 91 histologically diagnosed cases and 255 cancer controls, matched for age and year of diagnosis, was conducted in Villejuif (France) and Geneva (Switzerland). Factors studied included marital history, occupational exposure, associated diseases, family history of breast cancer, history of radiation exposure and drugs which increase or are suspected of increasing prolactin or estrogen levels. Cases were significantly more likely to be bachelors or to work as butchers than were the controls. Other statistically significant risk factors identified were family history of breast cancer and therapeutic use of digitalis. Elevated risks, although not significant, were observed for individuals with a past history of tuberculosis, hyperthyroidism, liver cirrhosis or gallstone, who had been treated with isoniazid, or who had worked in high environmental temperatures. Further studies are needed to confirm our results particularly as regards hormonal imbalance and genetic factors.
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PMID:Risk factors for male breast cancer: a Franco-Swiss case-control study. 232 42

Liver cirrhosis is associated with a high prevalence of pigmentary cholelithiasis. The major compound of pigment gallstones is unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) in the form of calcium bilirubinate salts or a black pigment polymer. Most of UCB in bile derives from enzymic or non-enzymic hydrolysis of mono- or diconjugated bilirubin. Changes in the relative ratios between these two bilirubin species have been associated with pigment gallstones. It has also been shown that UCB solubilization in bile depends on its interaction with bile salts. In order to clarify the factors predisposing cirrhotic patients to pigment stone formation, we measured UCB, monoconjugated bilirubin (MCB) and diconjugated bilirubin (DCB) in duodenal bile of 15 patients with cirrhosis, ten patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and ten normal subjects, we also analyzed their relationships with lipids. In cirrhotic patients, the MCB concentration in bile was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than in normal subjects and was correlated with the severity of the disease. Bile salts and lecithin concentrations were significantly lower in cirrhosis (p less than 0.005 vs. CAH or normals). Cirrhotic patients have a bile salts/UCB molar ratio which is one third that of CAH patients or normal subjects (p less than 0.01). No differences were found between CAH patients and controls in each of the parameters tested. In conclusion, we propose that the very low BS/UCB molar ratio and the very high biliary content in MCB represent two independent physico-chemical factors predisposing cirrhotic patients to pigmentary cholelithiasis.
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PMID:Physico-chemical factors predisposing to pigment gallstone formation in liver cirrhosis. 233 95

The indocyanine green (ICG) test (serum disappearance rate: K and 15 min. retention rate: R15) was performed in 15 patients with chronic hepatitis (CH) and 22 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) before and after exercise (Master's two step method for three min.). In LC, ICG K was 0.063 +/- 0.026 (mean +/- SD) before exercise and 0.083 +/- 0.028 after exercise. ICG R15 was 31.6 +/- 15.6% and 23.3 +/- 15.3%, respectively. In CH, ICG R15 before exercise was 8.2 +/- 4.0%, as compared with that (5.7 +/- 3.6%) after exercise. Namely, the ICG test significantly (P less than 0.05) improved after exercise in chronic liver diseases. Excretion of ICG into bile after exercise increased both in gallstone patients without abnormal liver function and LC, and it markedly increased in patients with decompensated LC. There was no significant difference in ICG excreted into urine before and after exercise. These results suggest that hepatic blood flow increases through moderate exercise in chronic liver diseases.
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PMID:Indocyanine green (ICG) test before and after exercise in patients with chronic liver diseases. 234 75

During the recent 5 2/3 years, hepatic resection was performed on 118 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ages ranged from 17 to 78 years with an average of 57 years. There were 101 males and 17 females. Underlying cirrhosis of the liver was found in 101 cases, and chronic hepatitis was found in 16 cases. Before surgery 62 patients had 71 associated conditions such as esophageal varices, diabetes mellitus, cholelithiasis, or peptic ulcer. Operations for the varices and cholelithiasis were performed simultaneously with hepatic resection in 15 and six patients, respectively. The operative mortality rate within 1 month was 7.6%, and the overall in-hospital death rate was 14.4%. In 94 patients with curative resection, the 2-year survival rate was 81.2% in patients without cirrhosis and 55.4% in patients with cirrhosis. The 4-year survival rate was 81.2% in the former and 34.8% in the latter group. The prognosis was significantly better in patients without cirrhosis than in those with cirrhosis. On the contrary, 21 of 24 patients with palliative resection died within 2 years despite extensive chemotherapy. The present results may indicate that the resectability rate of hepatocellular carcinoma is currently increasing, even in the presence of cirrhosis of the liver due to early detection of the tumor by current advances in diagnostic methods and also that major hepatic resection is possible in selected patients with cirrhosis.
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PMID:Clinical experience with 118 hepatic resections for hepatocellular carcinoma. 242 10

The value of seric activity of adenosine deaminase has been detected in four group of patients with liver disease: acute viral hepatitis in 32 cases, liver cirrhosis in 30 cases, liver neoplasia in 12 cases, and cholelithiasis in 20 cases, against 30 patients as a control group. In addition, we studied 3 patients with alcoholic hepatitis and 1 with biliary cirrhosis. The highest level was found in hepatic cirrhosis and viral hepatitis the value being statistically significant and superior to the levels of the control group in 100% of the cases. This level was higher than normal in patients with liver tumor. The level was normal or mildly elevated in patients with cholelithiasis. The level was normal in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and high in biliary cirrhosis but lower than that observed in alcoholic cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Enzymatic activity of serum adenosine deaminase in different liver disorders]. 249 53

During the last 3 years and 9 months, hepatic resections were carried out on 60 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The resections were radical in 44 and palliative in 16 cases. Simultaneous operations were performed for oesophageal varices in 11 (9 prophylactic and 2 therapeutic) and for cholelithiasis in 9 patients. Fifty-nine patients had underlying hepatic disease; 52 had cirrhosis and 7 chronic hepatitis. Operative mortality rate within 1 month was 10 per cent and overall hospital mortality rate was 16.7 per cent. Excluding operative and hospital deaths, 76.8 per cent of patients who had radical excision and 18.8 per cent with palliative resections are alive. The result indicates that HCCs are frequently resectable even in the presence of liver cirrhosis provided that they are discovered at a relatively early stage.
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PMID:Hepatic resection in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: report of 60 cases. 258 May 88

Of 72 patients who underwent jejunoileal bypass because of morbid obesity, 69 could be evaluated with special reference to long-term (median 11 years) results. One of the other three had fatal anastomotic leakage, one underwent resection and reversal of shunt because of postoperative gangrene in the bypassed segment, and one died of sepsis and liver failure following cholecystectomy 6 months after bypass. The median body mass index (kg/m2) fell from 45.4 preoperatively to 33.2 after 16 years. Shunt-related complications in early and late follow-up were diarrhoea (n = 15), anal/perianal disorders (15), arthralgia (15), urinary calculi (16), cholelithiasis (5), severe flatulence (7), liver cirrhosis (5), intestinal tuberculosis (1), ileitis (1), severe electrolyte disturbance (4), hypomagnesaemia (22), hypokalaemia (8), and deficiency of vitamin B12 (24), iron (24) and folate (17). Although jejunal bypass effectively reduces weight, the patients are at continuous risk of many complications. However, the improvement in quality of life should not be underestimated.
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PMID:Jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. Report of a series with long-term results. 259 48


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