Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hyaluronan (HA) and aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), two biochemical connective tissue markers, were determined in 76 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The HA and PIIINP concentrations were significantly increased compared with controls (P less than 0.001). Both HA and PIIINP levels correlated significantly with conventional liver-function tests. All patients with stage IV PBC showed increased concentrations of both these variables. However, HA was a better marker with regard to prediction of development of cirrhosis as well as prediction of symptoms. Furthermore, HA also showed a negative correlation with time of survival (P less than 0.05). The present data indicate that HA is a more sensitive marker of liver damage in PBC than PIIINP.
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PMID:Serum hyaluronan and aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen in primary biliary cirrhosis: relation to clinical symptoms, liver histopathology and outcome. 160 86

A 32 yr-old woman suffering from an unsuspected primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), completed an uneventual pregnancy. She only experienced diffuse pruritus and subicterus, which misled to an antepartum diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. The most remarkable points of the reported case are: (a) the younger age of onset of PBC; (b) the paucisymptomatic course of PBC; (c) the rarity of PBC-associated pregnancy (only 15 previous instances in 12 patients, from a review of the literature); (d) the uncomplicated course of pregnancy for both the mother and the fetus, which is the exception rather than the rule, in such a condition. The present observation calls our attention to the possible existence of an underlying latent liver cirrhosis in pregnant women with pruritus, jaundice and mild alterations of liver function indexes. This association, which is expected to increase in frequency in the near future, may have important implications in the management of pregnancy.
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PMID:[Uncomplicated pregnancy in patients with unrecognized primary biliary cirrhosis]. 160 28

Survival rates were calculated for 251 patients with cirrhosis of the liver but without hepatocellular carcinoma, primary biliary cirrhosis, or autoimmune cirrhosis who underwent laparoscopy during the past 21 years at the authors' hospital. The survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Stored serum was assayed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis had significantly better survival rates than patients with HBsAg, HCV, or both. Differences in survival rates between patients with hepatitis B and C were insignificant. In both groups, habitual drinkers had a significantly lower survival rate. The results suggested that alcohol accelerates liver damage in subjects with viral hepatitis.
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PMID:Effect of drinking on the outcome of cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis B or C. 161 Oct 14

Alcoholic individuals are predisposed to respiratory infections. However, mechanisms of perturbations leading to increased susceptibility to lung infections of individuals with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) are not fully understood. We studied the antibacterial activity and oxidant generation (before and after stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized zymosan) of alveolar macrophages from 16 patients with ALC. Our results were compared with those obtained from 12 healthy control subjects, from 8 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and from 8 alcoholic individuals without cirrhosis. All were nonsmokers, had normal chest X-rays, and did not present evidence of lung infection 3 months before. The total number of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage did not significantly differ between control subjects and patients. The cellular viability of alveolar macrophages (trypan blue exclusion) was greater than 90% in all cases. The antibacterial activity of alveolar macrophages versus Staphylococcus aureus was severely impaired in ALC (-21 +/- 8.2%) whereas it was normal in PBC (52 +/- 4.2%), in alcoholic subjects (44.6 +/- 5.4%), and in control subjects (60 +/- 5.5%). The same pattern of results was observed versus Escherichia coli (-47.7 +/- 10,28 +/- 8,28 +/- 12, and 29 +/- 8.5%, respectively). Previous incubation of normal alveolar macrophages with serum or BAL fluid from ALC patients or with normal serum or normal BAL fluid did not result in a significant decrease in antibacterial activity of normal alveolar macrophages. To distinguish ingested bacteria from adherent extracellular bacteria, cells that had been incubated with bacteria for 90 min were then incubated with lysostaphin (1 microgram/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Human alveolar macrophage antibacterial activity in the alcoholic lung. 165 Jan 54

Two hundred and eight orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT) were performed in 191 patients at the I Department of Surgery, University of Vienna from 1982-1990. The most frequent indications were hepatocellular carcinoma, alcoholic cirrhosis, posthepatic cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and fulminant hepatic failure. Patients with malignancy constituted 33.8% of cases. The overall results showed a 64% one-year and 58% two-year survival; best results were seen in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and the poorest long-term results were in malignancy. There were 23 postoperative deaths (11%). Primary non-function was seen in 14 (7%) cases; acute rejection episodes were seen in 62% of patients. The presence of a well organised cadaver organ procurement system in eastern Austria with upto 41 donors per million population per year ensures that the 57% growth rate in OLT achieved in 1990 will be maintained with even better results.
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PMID:Orthotopic liver transplantation in the management of end stage liver disease: the University of Vienna experience. 165 46

Using transrectal portal scintigraphy with I123 iodoamphetamine, we calculated the portosystemic shunt index and investigated the portal hemodynamics in patients with various liver diseases. The shunt index tended to increase in the order of chronic hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, compensated liver cirrhosis, and decompensated liver cirrhosis. An increase in the stage of esophageal varices (assessed endoscopically) also tended to be associated with an increase in the shunt index. The shunt index correlated significantly with both the ICG test and the spleen index. Accordingly, measurement of the shunt index by this method appeared to accurately reflect the existence and severity of portosystemic shunting, and to be of value in the evaluation of portal circulatory abnormalities. However, no clear differences were found in the shunt index following hepatic arterial injection chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, or endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices.
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PMID:Transrectal portal scintigraphy with I123 iodoamphetamine in liver diseases. 166 79

Serum Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) was determined in patients with various liver diseases including 31 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 46 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 17 with liver cirrhosis (LC), 23 with chronic hepatitis (CH) and 12 patients with obstructive jaundice with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a specific monoclonal antibody. The serum level in patients with PBC (407 +/- 35 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM; n = 31) was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) compared with those of other liver diseases. Mn-SOD level did not correlate with total bilirubin level, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, alanine aminotransferase activity, IgM, or with ceruloplasmin level in the sera of the patients. When the patients with PBC were histologically subdivided into four groups according to Scheuer's classification (Scheuer PJ. Primary biliary cirrhosis. In: Scheuer PJ, ed. Liver biopsy interpretation. 3rd ed. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1980:47-56), a high level of serum Mn-SOD was noticed in the early stage as well as in the advanced stage of the disease. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the reactivity and specificity of the monoclonal antibody to the enzyme protein in the patients' sera. Immunostaining of a liver biopsy specimen from the patients with PBC revealed increased expression of the enzyme protein in damaged epithelial cells of interlobular bile ducts, bile ductules, and degenerated hepatocytes. These data suggested that free radicals including superoxide anion are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and Mn-SOD may play some role in a protection against the superoxide anion.
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PMID:Elevated level of serum Mn-superoxide dismutase in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: possible involvement of free radicals in the pathogenesis in primary biliary cirrhosis. 168 6

It has been suggested that immunological mechanisms involving lymphocyte-mediated damage are important in the characteristic bile-duct damage that occurs in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Because adhesion is necessary for the interaction of lymphocytes with their target structures, we have studied the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, a ligand for the leukocyte adhesion receptor lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 in the liver of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Strong expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 was seen on interlobular bile ducts and proliferating bile ductules in both conditions. In primary biliary cirrhosis, medium-sized ducts, which are spared by the disease, were negative. Minimal bile-duct staining was seen in conditions in which bile-duct damage is not a major feature, such as nonbiliary cirrhosis and acute liver diseases. In patients with cirrhosis from any cause, strong expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 was detected on the periseptal hepatocytes adjacent to new connective tissue. The intensity of immunohistochemical staining was recorded using a semiquantitative visual scoring system that was subsequently validated quantitatively by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The expression/induction of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 on bile ducts may be important in the pathogenesis of bile-duct damage in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis and is further evidence to support an immune pathogenesis in these two conditions. Furthermore, the induction of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 on hepatocytes may be an important factor in the liver-cell damage and fibrosis that occur during the development of cirrhosis.
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PMID:Increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 on bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. 171 72

Analysis of liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic active hepatitis has shown reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities. More profound changes were revealed in the patients with fibrosis, cirrhosis, and primary biliary cirrhosis. Suppressed activities of antioxidative enzymes and dissociation of their systemic interaction were found to be related to the pathologic process severity. Measurement of SOD activity in a biopsy specimen appears to be clinically valuable and may be used for the assessment of liver antioxidative defense in patients with liver conditions.
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PMID:[Determination of the superoxide dismutase activity in puncture biopsy specimens of the liver in chronic liver diseases]. 172 27

Bridging or incomplete septum formation, an important step leading to cirrhosis in various chronic progressive liver diseases, was examined in 231 liver biopsy specimens of primary biliary cirrhosis (non-cirrhotic stage. Incomplete septa from the enlarged portal tracts and portal to portal bridges were frequent and appeared first, while portal to central ones appeared subsequently and became frequent in the liver specimens with changes resembling cirrhosis. These septa were divided into four types histologically: ductular, lymphocytic, loose connective tissue and fibrous type. More than one type was usually found in the same specimen. The pathology of the first three types was similar to and frequently continuous with that of neighbouring periportal regions, suggesting that most of these septa were formed by the extension of periportal destructive processes. The fibrous type might be an advanced form of the other three types. Incomplete septa seemed to pinch off part of the hepatic parenchyma in a hepatic lobule; this was followed by an unusual enlargement of the portal tracts and an approximation of portal tracts and central veins. There were perivenular hepatocellular necroses on occasion. Progression of periportal hepatocellular damage may lead to septum formation and finally progress to cirrhosis, in primary biliary cirrhosis. The significance of perivenular necroses remains speculative.
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PMID:Pathology of septum formation in primary biliary cirrhosis: a histological study in the non-cirrhotic stage. 175 Jan 85


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