Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The concentration of serum immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase (SIRPH) was measured in thirty patients with chronic active hepatitis, thirteen with primary biliary cirrhosis, four with alcoholic or idiopathic cirrhosis, and four with acute hepatitis; the values were compared with those in twenty-three control subjects. Increases in SIRPH were found in all the groups with liver diseases, individual values being highest in primary biliary cirrhosis in which about two-thirds of patients had values more than two standard deviations above the mean value in the control subjects. No correlation was found between SIRPH and other tests of liver function or some routine laboratory tests. SIRPH may reflect some hitherto unknown of unmeasured process in the diseased hepatic cells.
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PMID:Serum immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase in liver disease. 20 93

Immunologic diseases of the liver are exogenous mostly initiated by virus or endogenous initiated by autoaggression. All virus-induced kinds of hepatitis are due to an immune response against inocculated hepatocytes. Therefore the hepatitis is limited to the period of complete elimination of virus-infected cells. A strong immune response therefore corresponds with an acute and short hepatitis whilest a weak immune response develops a chronic hepatitis. In contrast, autoimmune hepatitis based on a disorder of the immune system with some genetic background is always unlimited. Each cirrhosis developing from immunologic hepatitis is also an immunologic disease; a special variant is the autoimmune primary biliary cirrhosis. All in all, the number of immunologic liver diseases surmounts the remaining liver diseases due to intoxication of metabolic disorders.
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PMID:[Hepatology and immunology]. 20 95

The enzyme collagen proline hydroxylase has been measured in liver biopsies from fourteen patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. The activity was elevated in ten of the patients, but not to the degree previously found in patients with active cirrhosis. There was no correlation between the enzyme activity and the liver copper concentration, which was elevated in all except one of those measured. This suggests that excessive collagen synthesis in PBC is not directly related to the high liver copper concentrations.
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PMID:Hepatic collagen proline hydroxylase activity in primary biliary cirrhosis. 20 46

An analysis of 294 patients who died with cirrhosis showed that 24% had developed hepatocellular carcinoma. Haemochromatosis and HBsAg positive chronic active hepatitis were high risk groups (36% and 42% respectively) and the frequency was lowest in primary biliary cirrhosis and HBsAg negative chronic active hepatitis (3% and 11% respectively). Those with hepatocellular carcinoma showed a striking male preponderance (11:1) and further analysis has shown that the proportion developing this tumour in each group was closely related to the proportion of males in that group (r=0.97). Age was the only other significant factor, malignant change occurring more commonly in those over the age of 50 years than those below (30% and 7% respectively, P less than 0.005). The indluence of HBsAg was largely accounted for by the known predisposition of males to carry HBsAg. The group of patients who had developed this tumour without cirrhosis were younger (mean age 39 years) and had a lower male to female ratio of 1.1:1 and the place of contraceptive-related tumour within this group is dicussed.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in Great Britain: influence of age, sex, HBsAg status, and aetiology of underlying cirrhosis. 21 96

Of 98 patients dying with primary biliary cirrhosis only four developed hepatocellular carcinoma. It is suggested that the development of hepatocellular carcinoma is uncommon in this type of chronic liver disease because of its known female preponderance, and the fact that cirrhosis develops late in the course of the illness.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis: report of four cases. 22 Jan 48

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), mitochondrial GOT (GOTm), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were determined in 43 healthy controls and in 280 cases of liver diseases. A simplified column chromatographic method coupled with UV assay was employed for separation of GOTm. The activity was measured by following decrease in abosrbance of NADH at 340 nm. The lowest activity of GOTm determined with a coefficient of variation below 10% was 6 mIU/ml. High GOTm activities were found in acute hepatitis (acute stage), subacute hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis and were generally associated with high total GOT (GOTt) activities. The activity ratio of GOTm/GOTt varied depending on the stage and severity of liver diseases. The GOTm/GOTt ratio was decreased in acute, fulminant and subacute hepatitides. No significant reduction in the ratio was found in bile duct obstruction, alcoholic liver injury or metastatic liver cancer. Although relatively high GOTm/GOTt ratios were found in some patients with severe hepatic injury, they had no definite association with poor prognosis. These results indicate that the marked elevation in GOTt over GPT in advanced chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary hepatoma was mainly due to preferential leakage of cytoplasmic GOT (GOTs).
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PMID:The mechanism of the release of hepatic enzymes in various liver diseases. 1. Alterations in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzyme activities in serum. 22 31

Results in 44 patients with esophageal bleeding who underwent a mesocaval shunt utilizing a prosthetic graft are presented. Portal hypertension was secondary to alcoholic cirrhosis in 30 patients, to chronic active hepatitis in eight, to primary biliary cirrhosis in four, to cirrhosis secondary to inflammatory bowel disease in one, and to portal vein thrombosis following splenectomy in one. Thirty-six shunts were performed during the emergent or semiemergent time period, and only eight were performed electively. Sixteen of the patients were Child's class A, 16 were class B, and 12 were class C. There were no hospital deaths in the emergency shunt group (of eight patients); there was a 12% mortality rate for patients undergoing semiemergency shunts (two of 17 patients) and a 42% mortality rate for patients who had emergency shunts (eight of 19 patients). Death was related more closely to hepatic reserve, however, than to timing of the shunt. Among the 32 class A and B patients, there were only three deaths in hospital (9%), as compared with seven deaths among the 12 class C patients (58%). Portal-systemic encephalopathy was high in the period immediately after operation (13 of 34 patients, 38%), but it was a chronic problem following discharge from the hospital in only three of 34 patients (9%). The mesocaval shunt is a safe, effective procedure for the control of variceal bleeding in class A and class B patients in any time period, but it carries a high operative mortality risk in the class C patient when it is performed as an emergency operation.
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PMID:Mesocaval shunts for the control of bleeding esophageal varices. 31 25

In patients who have impaired hepatic reserve, the Warren shunt has been proposed as an effective operation because it decompresses the esophageal varices without disturbing portal perfusion of the liver. However, early reports of high operative mortality and technical difficulties have impeded acceptance of the procedure. The operation was done in a series of 17 patients. All patients in whom elective variceal decompression with a patent splenic vein was required and without clinical ascites were candidates for this operation. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 48 months. Six patients had alcoholic cirrhosis, two had primary biliary cirrhosis and seven had postnecrotic cirrhosis; in two the cause of the liver disease was unknown. Five patients were categorized as Child's class A, nine as class B and three as class C. No intraoperative or early postoperative deaths owing to hemorrhage occurred. However, there was one death two weeks postoperatively from pulmonary sepsis and one death five weeks postoperatively due to antigen-positive hepatitis. Two patients died from hepatic failure six weeks and five months after operation, respectively; in the first of these, chronic active hepatitis was diagnosed at the time of operation. In one patient hemorrhage recurred and transfusion was required. Although ascites, which eventually resolved, developed in eight patients after operation, the results in 76 percent of patients have been good without new episodes of hemorrhage or encephalopathy. We conclude that the Warren shunt is a safe and effective elective operation for the treatment of patients in whom hemorrhage from esophageal varices has occurred.
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PMID:The Warren shunt in treating bleeding esophageal varices. 31 64

The characterisation of lymphocytes from liver biopsies indicates that 'activated' T lymphocytes are present in the liver in alcohol induced hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis (HBS+ve and -ve), and in primary biliary cirrhosis but not in inactive cirrhosis, chronic persistent hepatitis, extrahepatic and drug induced cholestasis. A greater percentage of lymphocytes bear Fc-receptors in chronic active hepatitis than in alcohol induced hepatitis or cholestatic liver disease. The concentration of 'activated' T cells in the peripheral blood in all groups studied was within the normal range, suggesting that the 'activated' T cells found in the liver were reacting to either native or foreign antigens within the liver. The data on Fc-receptor bearing cells are consistent with the involvement of antibody assisted K cell mediated cytotoxicity in chronic active hepatitis.
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PMID:Lymphocyte populations in liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic liver disease. 32 39

Of 103 patients with the syndrome of primary biliary cirrhosis (chronic, nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis) who entered a double-blind, randomized, controlled treatment trial with either D-penicillamine or placebo, 21 (20%) were asymptomatic with respect to their liver disease. Study of these 21 patients revealed that (1) 43% of patients with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis had advanced histologic lesions (fibrosis or cirrhosis); (2) asymptomatic patients with advanced histologic lesions likely have had their disease for 10 years or more; (3) stage of primary biliary cirrhosis may remain unchanged for years; and (4) most asymptomatic patients receiving D-penicillamine, when compared with patients given placebo, had improved liver function tests at 1-year follow-up. However, the incidence of major toxicity with D-penicillamine for primary biliary cirrhosis in a maintenance dose of 1 g approximates 20%. Furthermore, one of our patients who was asymptomatic but who had advanced histologic changes died recently from D-penicillamine-associated bone marrow suppression. It remains to be determined whether the benefit-to-risk ratio of D-penicillamine in primary biliary cirrhosis justifies its use.
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PMID:Asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis. Presentation, histology, and results with D-penicillamine. 35 32


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