Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We retrospectively reviewed 159 episodes of bacteraemic pneumococcal infection in 157 adult patients at the Helsinki University Central Hospital during two periods between 1976 and 1979 and 1986 and 1989. We looked especially at changes in underlying diseases and prognostic factors. The overall case fatality rate was 21% and there was a small diminishing trend in that rate from 28% (16/58) in the late 1970s to 17% (17/101) in the late 1980s. The patients who died in the late 1980s were younger than those who died in the earlier period. The most common underlying factors were alcohol abuse, cardiovascular diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Old age was neither a predisposing factor nor did it predict the outcome. No significant changes in underlying diseases or prognostic factors were noted during the two periods studied except a small decrease in connective tissue diseases as underlying conditions. The factors related to increased fatality included hepatic cirrhosis, a combination of pneumonia and meningitis, complications such as shock, respiratory insufficiency, central nervous system disorders and circulatory acidosis, and laboratory findings such as thrombocytopenia, absence of leucocytosis and increased amounts of serum creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase on admission to the hospital. Previous splenectomy and malignant diseases were not associated with higher mortality. The thrombocytopenia at the time of positive blood culture and the circulatory acidosis as a complication seemed to be independently the most useful predictive factors for a fatal outcome using multivariate logistical regression analysis after adjustment to classic risk factors.
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PMID:Pneumococcal bacteraemia during a recent decade. 156 6

We studied 18 formalin-fixed brains using MRI, and correlated our data with subsequent gross and microscopic examinations. 9 of our patients died from brain diseases (stroke due to infarction 4, stroke due to hemorrhage 1, encephalitis 2, head injury 1, brain tumor 1). 9 of our patients died from non-CNS diseases (stomach cancer 1, colon cancer 1, liver cirrhosis 1, myocardial infarction 2, trauma 4). In MRI of postmortem brain, T1WI and T 2WI was able to clearly show the myelination process of brainstem, basal ganglia, internal capsule and optic radiation in a 2 months-old-boy. The findings were similar to MRI of live infants. In normal adult postmortem brains, the T1WI showed a relatively low signal intensity of white matter as compared to gray matter. The pictures were similar to proton density images, not T1WI of normal adult brains. The reason why the signal intensity of the white matter was lower than the gray matter may have been due to lysis of lipid of myelin sheath in the formalin solution. Postmortem MRI was able to detect the periventricular hyperintensity (corresponding to arteriosclerotic encephalopathy) and subcortical hyperintensity spots (which corresponding to the widening of the Virchow-Robin perivascular space because of arteriosclerosis) in the brains of our elderly patients. Postmortem MRI detected the intracerebral hemorrhage, which appeared as a dark signal in both short and long TR images. However, MRI did not show blood in the ventricles, sulci, or superficial hemorrhages in the cortex of brain. Brain edema was revealed in the postmortem MRI and appeared as low signal intensity in T1WI and hyperintensity in T2WI. It was associated with a significant mass effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[MRI of postmortem brains]. 820 68

Hyponatremia, the most common electrolyte disorder, occurs frequently in older people and in hospitalized patients. Physiological changes of aging that interact with diseases and drugs commonly present in older people put this population at greater risk for hyponatremia. It can accompany central nervous system disorders, pulmonary and renal disease, cancer, congestive heart failure, and liver cirrhosis, as well as many commonly used drugs. Delayed recognition can lead to symptomatic hyponatremia with consequent cerebral edema and possibly irreversible neurological damage. Symptoms and signs of hyponatremia may be subtle or not attributed to hyponatremia. Most cases are of the euvolemic type, in which extracellular fluid volume is normal and is often due to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Hyponatremia can also occur in association with hypervolemia or hypovolemia. Common to all of these circumstances is increased secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP). Understanding of the pathophysiological basis of hyponatremia and of brain compensatory mechanisms is critical to safe treatment. Fluid restriction or infusion of hypertonic saline can improve symptoms and normalize serum sodium levels but does not address excess AVP, which in most cases is the underlying cause of the disorder. A major new approach to treatment of hyponatremia is the development of aquaretics: AVP-receptor antagonists that provide a targeted therapeutic approach to correcting the many kinds of hyponatremia caused by excess AVP levels.
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PMID:Hyponatremia and arginine vasopressin dysregulation: mechanisms, clinical consequences, and management. 1697 Jun 67

S-adenosyl L-methionine (SAMe) is the natural, universal methyl group donor, participating in transmethylation reactions, known and commonly used as a dietary supplement since 1952. It plays an important role in the synthesis of neuromediators and melatonin and mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. The aim of this article is to review the literature about possibilities of SAMe application in the therapy of CNS diseases: depression, dementia syndromes, schizophrenia and somatic disorders. SAMe is the promising dietary supplement, which may be successfully used as a substance increasing effectiveness of the treatment of depression, with antidepressants in monotherapy in mild depressive states or depressive symptoms. SAMe addition to antipsychotic drug, may lead to the improvement of the quality of life and reduction of aggressiveness of patients. SAMe may be an effective substance in the therapy and prophylaxis of mild cognitive impairments and mild dementia syndrome. SAMe possesses some hepatoprotective action, so it may decrease the risk of the development of neoplasm, alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) and cirrhosis. SAMe improves the functions of joints and decreases the experience of pain in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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PMID:[S-adenosyl L-methionine in CNS diseases]. 2233 34

Alcohol abuse can affect more than the heart and the liver. Many observers often do not appreciate the complex and differing aspects of alcohol's effects in pathophysiologies that have been reported in multiple organs. Chronic alcohol abuse is known to be associated with pathophysiological changes that often result in life-threatening clinical outcomes, e.g., breast and colon cancer, pancreatic disease, cirrhosis of the liver, diabetes, osteoporosis, arthritis, kidney disease, immune system dysfunction, hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and can be as far-reaching as to cause central nervous system disorders. In this review article, we will discuss the various organs impacted by alcohol abuse. The lack of clear guidelines on the amount and frequency of alcohol intake, complicated by personal demographics, make extrapolations to real-life practices at best difficult for public health policy-makers.
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PMID:Alcoholism: A Multi-Systemic Cellular Insult to Organs. 2984 84