Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a consecutive 440 autopsy cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 13 patients (2.95%) were found to have a second primary malignant tumor. All of the patients were male. The age ranged from 40 to 69 years old. (mean: 56.5) Peak incidence occurred in the seventh decade. The associated neoplasms included 4 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma, 2 cases of thyroid cancer, 2 cases of retroperitoneal sarcomas, 1 case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 1 case of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 1 case of common bile duct adenocarcinoma, 1 case of renal cell carcinoma, and 1 case of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The organ most commonly involved was large bowel (4 cases). Epithelial origin neoplasms comprised the vast majority (84.6%). Of the 13 cases, 2 associated malignancies existed metachronously, 4 and 5 years before HCC. The others were found at the same time as HCC. The clinical and pathological observations included age, sex, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), cirrhosis, gross and histologic appearance. The above presentations were similar in cases with and without second malignancy. We failed to find any factor that was possibly related to the etiology of the second neoplasm. Much more such cases are needed for further evaluation.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma coexisted with second malignancy--a study of 13 cases from a consecutive 440 autopsy cases of HCC. 170 92

Patients with diffusely increased uptake in both kidneys (often referred to as "host kidneys") on Tc-99m-MDP bone imaging were evaluated. Among 2056 patients reviewed, this finding was seen in 13 patients (0.63%): four with liver cirrhosis, two with lung cancer, one each with primary hepatoma, Hodgkin's disease, malignant lymphoma, thyroid cancer, leukemia, sideroblastic anemia and diabetes mellitus. Renal vascular disease and iron overload are considered to be the major causes of this finding.
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PMID:Diffusely increased Tc-99m-MDP uptake in both kidneys. 645 33

Using the longitudinal data of the Adult Health Study (AHS) cohort collected during 1958-1986, we examined for the first time the relationship between exposure to ionizing radiation and the incidence of 19 nonmalignant disorders in the A-bomb survivors. Affected individuals were ascertained through the three-digit codes of the International Classification of Diseases which are encoded in the AHS database subsequent to diagnoses made on the basis of general laboratory tests, physical examinations, and history-taking conducted during biennial AHS examinations. The disease onset time was estimated using the mid-point between the AHS examination data when the disease was initially reported and the previously attended disease-free examination date. Dosimetry System 86 organ doses judged to be most appropriate were used. Tests of dose effects were performed assuming a linear relative risk model with stratified background incidence. For the entire study period, significant excess risk was detected for uterine myoma (P < 0.001), chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (P = 0.006), and thyroid disease (P < 0.0001), defined broadly as the presence of one or more of certain noncancerous thyroid conditions. The incidence of myocardial infarction was shown to be increased (P = 0.03) in later years (1968-1986) among the younger heavily exposed AHS subjects, confirming the results of the recent Life Span Study (LSS) noncancer mortality report on coronary heart disease. The findings for uterine myoma may serve as additional evidence indicating benign tumor growth as a possible consequence of radiation exposure. Our results indicating the involvement of radiation in the development of liver diseases are consistent with the report of increased mortality from liver cirrhosis with radiation dose in the LSS cohort. An effect of age at exposure was detected for nonmalignant thyroid disease (P = 0.02), with an increased risk for those exposed who were under 20 years of age, but not for older survivors. Thus the AHS data suggest that thyroid glands in the young are more radiosensitive not only to the development of malignancies, but also to the development of nonmalignant disorders as well. The findings hold independently of the dose effects observed for thyroid cancer. This study also shows that for the period 1958-1986 new occurrences of lens opacity are not increased with radiation dose (P = 0.39) in the AHS subjects.
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PMID:Noncancer disease incidence in the atomic bomb survivors: 1958-1986. 837 35

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem, being the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with a global prevalence of about 3% (about 180 million people). HCV is both an hepatotropic and a lymphotropic virus; and chronic infection could cause, on one hand, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and on the other hand several extrahepatic diseases including, first, mixed cryoglobulinemia and lymphoma. The association between hepatic (hepatocellular carcinoma) and extrahepatic (lymphoma, thyroid cancer) malignancies has justified the inclusion of HCV among human cancer viruses. The pathogenesis of HCV-related sequelae (hepatic or extrahepatic) is not fully understood representing a challenge of prime importance in light of the optimization of clinico-therapeutic management of these patients. Combined treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin is presently the first-line, gold standard treatment of most HCV-related diseases. However, mainly in the case of extrahepatic manifestations, a cautious approach to the patient, with a case to case accurate tailoring of therapy is frequently requested. The present review will outline the principal aspects of such HCV-induced systemic disease focusing on extrahepatic manifestations.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection: a systemic disease. 1817

Sirolimus (SRL) is an mTOR inhibitor that has been shown, in contrast to calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), to inhibit cancers in experimental models. Since February 2005, we introduced SRL in liver transplant patients in group a, in whom the primary disease was hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcoholic or autoimmune liver cirrhosis, and group b, HCC-negative patients who developed posttransplantation cancers de novo. Of 18 patients in group a, 11 received SRL ab initio (subgroup a1), starting for 10 patients at 66.1+/-29.2 days after surgical healing and after 10 days in 1 case; the remaining 7 patients (subgroup a2) received SRL at 31.2+/-24.2 months. Three patients in group b, included 1 with Kaposi's sarcoma, 1 with bladder cancer, and 1 with thyroid cancer. In this group, SRL was introduced at 80.8+/-40.4 months. In all patients but one, who received a single 5 mg loading dose, SRL was started at 2 mg/d and adjusted to 6 to 8 ng/mL blood levels. CNI drugs, present as primary therapy, were gradually tapered to low levels and eventually stopped. The following observations were drawn from this initial experience: (1) 4/21 (19.0%) patients had to discontinue SRL because of early and late side effects: thrombocytopenia (n=2) and headache with leukopenia and leg edema associated with knee joint arthralgia (n=2); (2) 14 patients (11 in group a and 3 in group b) are still on SRL monotherapy; (3) 1 HCC recurrence and 1 de novo pancreatic adenocarcinoma were observed at 14 and 16 months, respectively (at the time of transplantation, both patients were beyond the MIlan HCC criteria), and (4) 1 patient, from subgroup a1, died after 99 days due to pneumonitis and possible relation to SRL lung toxicity. In conclusion, SRL appeared to be an effective immunosuppressant that could be used as monotherapy in liver transplant patients. Any conclusion on SRL anticancer effects can only come from randomized large studies after long follow-up.
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PMID:Sirolimus therapy in liver transplant patients: an initial experience at a single center. 1867 98

Solid organ transplant recipients have an elevated incidence of thyroid cancer. We evaluated a wide range of potential risk factors in a cohort of 229 300 U.S. solid organ transplant recipients linked with 15 stage/regional cancer registries (1987-2012). Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, transplanted organ, year of transplantation, and time since transplantation. Hazard ratios (HRs) for death and/or graft failure were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, transplanted organ, and year of transplantation. After transplantation, 356 thyroid cancers were diagnosed. Thyroid cancer incidence was 2.50-fold higher in transplant recipients than the general population (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.25-2.77). Among recipients of different organs, kidney recipients had the highest incidence of thyroid cancer (IRR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.03-1.53). Elevated thyroid cancer incidence was associated with cholestatic liver disease/cirrhosis as an indication for liver transplantation (IRR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.09-2.63), hypertensive nephrosclerosis as an indication for kidney transplantation (IRR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.03-1.94), and longer prior dialysis among kidney recipients (5+ vs. <1 year, IRR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.32-2.80; p-trend <0.01). Posttransplantation diagnosis of thyroid cancer was associated with modestly increased risk of death (HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.02-1.73). Overall, our results suggest that end-stage organ disease and longer duration of dialysis may contribute to higher thyroid cancer incidence in transplant recipients.
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PMID:Risk of Thyroid Cancer Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. 2839 88