Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A historical prospective cohort study of 6630 drivers from the Canton of Geneva was carried out to evaluate mortality and incidence of cancer in this occupation. The study population was all men (of all vocations) who held in 1949 a special licence for driving lorries, taxis, buses, or coaches and all new licence holders in the period 1949-61. Men born before 1900 and those with only an ordinary driving licence were excluded. According to the occupation registered on their licence, the 6630 drivers were distributed into three groups: (1) professional drivers (n = 1726), (2) non-professional drivers "more exposed" to exhaust gas and fumes (this group included occupations such as vehicle mechanic, policeman, road sweeper; n = 712), and (3) non-professional drivers "less exposed," composed of all other occupations (n = 4192). The cohort was followed up from 1949 to December 1986 and the trace of 197 men (3%) was lost. Compared with the general population of the Canton of Geneva, professional drivers experienced significant excess risks, taking into account 15 years of latency, for all causes of death (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 115, 90% confidence interval (90% CI) 107-123) and for all malignant neoplasms (SMR 125, 90% CI 112-140; standardised incidence ratio (SIR) 128, 90% CI 115-142). Cause specific analysis showed significant excesses for lung cancer (SMR 150, 90% CI 123-181; SIR 161, 90% CI 129-198), oesophageal cancer (SMR 183, 90% CI 108-291), stomach cancer (SMR 179, 90% CI 117-263; SIR233, 90% CI 156-336), rectal cancer (SMR 258, 90% CIU 162-392; SIR 200, 90% CI 127-300), and cirrhosis of the liver (SMR 145, 90% CI 104-198). Risk of lung cancer increased significantly with time from first exposure. Among non-professional drivers no significant excess risk was found except for lung cancer mortality among the "less exposed" group (SMR 121, 90% CI 103-140), and for incidence of lung cancer among the "more exposed" group (SIR 161, 90% CI 111-227). The possible casual relation between exposure to engine exhaust emissions and the increased risk for lung cancer and for cancer of the gastrointestinal tract found among professional drivers is discussed.
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PMID:Increased risk for lung cancer and for cancer of the gastrointestinal tract among Geneva professional drivers. 137 39

The relationship between selected aspects of medical history and the risk of colorectal cancer was analysed using data from a case-control study of 673 cases of colon cancer, 405 of rectal cancer and 1501 controls in hospital for acute, non-neoplastic, non-digestive tract conditions, unrelated to known or suspected risk factor for large bowel cancer. Significantly elevated risks (RR) were observed for history of cholelithiasis (RR = 1.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.1] for colon; 1.6 [1.2-6.4] for rectum) and diabetes (1.6 [1.1-2.3] for colon; 1.3 [0.8-2.0] for rectum), and a significant protection emerged for history of drug allergy (0.6 [0.4-0.9] for colon; 0.6 [0.5-1.0] for rectum). No significant association was found with thyroid disease, gastroduodenal ulcer, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, gastrectomy, appendicectomy, treatment with cimetidine/ranitidine, treatment with chenodesoxycholic acid or with blood transfusions. The associations with cholelithiasis, diabetes and drug allergy were not materially modified by allowance for major identified potential confounding factors, and were not restricted to the diseases diagnosed within 5 or 10 years before large bowel cancer diagnosis. Thus, the analysis of this large dataset offered further quantitative evidence suggesting a possible, however moderate, association between gallbladder disease and colorectal cancer risk, which may be related to enhanced or continuous secretion of secondary bile acids. The associations with diabetes and drug allergy were unexpected, and probably indirect, lacking previous epidemiological support or any obvious biological interpretation. Thus, they should be simply regarded as working hypotheses worthy of further consideration.
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PMID:History of selected diseases and the risk of colorectal cancer. 182 66

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between life style factors and adult diseases among three ethnic groups, Chinese living in Japan, Koreans living in Japan and Japanese. The mortalities of major cancers and other adult diseases of Chinese and Koreans in Japan were compared with those of Japanese by calculating Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) of the two groups using death rates in the Japanese population as the standard. Life style data on smoking, drinking and dietary habits of the three groups were collected by self-administered questionnaire surveys, and age-adjusted proportions were calculated with the truncated world population as the standard. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The mortality rates for liver cancer, lung cancer, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hypertensive disease, cerebrovascular disease and liver cirrhosis for Koreans of both sexes in Japan were significantly higher than those for Japanese, but the mortality rates of stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer and breast cancer for Korean females were lower than those for Japanese females. 2. The mortality rates for heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disease, liver cirrhosis, rectum cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer (females), breast cancer (females) and cerebrovascular disease (females) for Chinese in Japan were higher than those for Japanese, but the rates for stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer (both sexes), uterus cancer (females) and cerebrovascular disease (males) were lower than those for Japanese. 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A socio-medical study of adult diseases related to life style--comparison of foreigners living in Japan and Japanese]. 213 88

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between life style factors and adult disease for Chinese living in Japan. The mortalities of major cancers and other major diseases of Chinese in Japan were compared with those of Japanese by calculating Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) for the Chinese using death rates in the Japanese population the standard. The life style data on smoking, drinking and dietary habits for Chinese in Japan were collected by self-administered questionnaire surveys, and age-adjusted proportions were calculated with the truncated world population as the standard. Then the corrected indexes on life style for Chinese in Japan were compared with those of Japanese. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The mortality rates of heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disease, liver cirrhosis, rectum cancer, liver cancer (both sexes), lung cancer (females), breast cancer and cerebrovascular disease (females) for Chinese in Japan were higher than those for Japanese, but the rates of stomach cancer, pancreas cancer (both sexes), uterus cancer (females) and cerebrovascular disease (males) were lower than those for Japanese. 2. The prevalence of current smokers for Chinese males in Japan was lower than that of Japanese, and that of females was higher than that of Japanese. The prevalence of non-smokers for Chinese males was higher than that of Japanese, and that of females was lower than that of Japanese. 3. Although the prevalence of regular drinkers for Chinese of both sexes in Japan were lower than that of Japanese, the prevalence of heavy drinkers who drank over 80 ml of ethanol every day for Chinese males was higher than that of Japanese males. 4. Significant differences were not found in the prevalences of frequent consumers of meat, milk, eggs, fish, other vegetables and food using oil between cooks and non-cooks of Chinese of both sexes in Japan. 5. The age-adjusted prevalences of frequent meat and milk consumers for Chinese in Japan were higher than those of Japanese in both sexes, but those of frequent pickled vegetable and MISO soup consumers were lower than those of Japanese. The dietary pattern of Chinese in Japan was different from that of Japanese with intakes of much fat and less salt. 6. It is assumed that the mortalities due to adult disease for Chinese in Japan are related to their heavy drinking and to their dietary habits.
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PMID:[A socio-medical study of adult diseases related to the life style of Chinese in Japan]. 263 81

Two cirrhotic patients with a LeVeen shunt presented with a large bowel cancer. In one patient, the shunt was removed and the venous catheter was ligated prior to the performance of a colon resection. The postoperative course was uneventful. A new valve was inserted and connected to the venous catheter two months later. The second patient had a carcinoma of the rectum. In order to prevent ascites and to ease the colorectal resection he had preliminary construction of a portacaval shunt. Six weeks later, he underwent an anterior resection of the rectum. The postoperative course was uneventful except for a self limiting episode of febrile subacute intestinal obstruction. These two cases demonstrate that it is possible to resect colorectal cancer in patients with cirrhosis, ascites and a peritoneovenous shunt provided measures are taken to avoid specific complications due to the presence of the shunt, ascites or portal hypertension.
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PMID:Management of colorectal cancer in patients with cirrhosis and a LeVeen shunt. 361 May 39

The precision of CA 19-9 RIA kit was evaluated by recovery, reproducibility and dilution test with very satisfactory results. The CA 19-9 value in sera from 52 healthy individuals and from 224 patients with gastric intestinal cancer and other benign disease, showed an increased positive rate in several cases of gastric intestinal cancer. For example, the positive rate in pancreatic cancer, bile duct cancer, colo-rectal cancer, gastric cancer, esophagus cancer, primary biliary cirrhosis diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis was 60%, 75%, 55.6%, 45.6%, 20%, 28.6%, 22.7%, 13.7% and 1.7% respectively. By contrast, values from patients with acute hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis, fatty liver, gastric duodenal ulcer, pancreatitis, and primary liver cancer were within the normal range. In this study, CA 19-9 RIA were found to be significant as an adjunct in the management of patients with gastrointestinal cancer, especially pancreatic cancer, and bile duct cancer.
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PMID:[Serum determination of CA 19-9 in patients with digestive cancers and its diagnostic evaluation]. 658 10

Because of the demonstrated toxic effects on animals resulting from exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health conducted a retrospective cohort mortality study of 2,567 workers in two plants where PCBs were used in the manufacture of electrical capacitors. All workers included in the study were employed for at least 3 months in areas of the plants where PCBs were used. The vital status of 98% of the two cohorts was determined, and 39,018 person-years were accumulated. All-cause mortality was lower than expected (163 obs. vs 182.4 exp.) as well as all cancer mortality (39 obs. vs 43.8 exp.). Excess mortality was noted for rectal cancer (4 obs. vs 1.19 exp.) and liver cancer (3 obs. vs 1.07 exp.), although neither excess was statistically significant. In one of the plants the observed mortality due to cirrhosis of the liver was also elevated. The results of detailed industrial hygiene surveys conducted in each plant are also presented.
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PMID:Mortality and industrial hygiene study of workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls. 678 90

The frequency of oesophageal carcinoma among autopsies performed in the Institute of Pathology in Heidelberg between 1900 and 1979 is estimated and compared with the findings of the patho-anatomically based Regional Cancer Registry of North Baden. The autopsy data suggest that there is no increase in the percentage of oesophageal carcinoma in the area of Heidelberg during the period considered. The average age of oesophageal carcinoma patients at death remained nearly unchanged during the study period, while the average age of death for all autopsies showed a steep increase. In a retrospective study of the registry data, oesophageal carcinoma patients showed a higher percentage of alcohol consumers and heavy smokers over patients with stomach, colon, and rectal cancer. The retrospective study of clinical findings further revealed liver cirrhosis in 8%. This was not documented in patients with other gastro-intestinal carcinomas. The results obtained suggest that patho-anatomical data may be useful for checking the applicability of results obtained elsewhere.
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PMID:Population based pathology statistics of oesophageal carcinoma. 685 93

The aim of this work is to describe the three years experience in hepatic resections for primitive and metastatic liver tumors. Of the 90 patients considered initially only 33% was admitted to radical surgical treatment, after a complete clinical and instrumental evaluation. Twenty of them was affected by liver metastases, most of which from colo-rectal cancer; ten had hepatocellular carcinoma developed on hepatic cirrhosis. All the patients affected by HCC underwent pre-operative chemoembolisation (TACE). Regional chemotherapy (TACI) was performed in synchronous metastatic tumors before surgical treatment. Surgical resection in HCC was extremely limited, removing at most 35% of total liver volume. For metastatic tumors 12 major resections and 8 minor resections was carried out. Postoperative complications occurred in 13.3%, including one death for digestive bleeding. A relationship between intraoperative risk factors, such as blood loss and transfusions was registered. The actuarial surviving rate was 47.5% for HCC and 48.3% for colo-rectal metastases at three years. Finally, preoperative CEA levels was the only factor significantly related to long term prognosis of patients affected by liver colo-rectal metastases.
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PMID:[Hepatic resections for primary and secondary malignant pathology of the liver: our experience]. 1002 8

We report new surgical techniques for intraoperative microwave coagulation therapy (IMCT), conducted in three patients with large liver neoplasms with poor liver function or difficult tumor location. Anterolateral thoracotomy was performed for tumors in the right lobe to obtain a good operative field. Four electrode needles were inserted for microwave irradiation, with settings of 60 W, 45 s for coagulation and 1 s for dissociation. Clamping of the hepatoduodenal ligament was performed during IMCT. We began the coagulation at the bottom of the tumor, irradiating the tumor and the surrounding parenchyma to create regional necrosis with a safe margin. With these methods, we treated two women diagnosed with large hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis and a man with liver metastasis from rectal cancer. The postoperative course of these patients was uneventful. A marked low-density area was seen in the region of therapy and no enhanced findings were observed on enhanced computed tomography postoperatively. However, in one patient, transcatheter embolization (TAE) was performed 1 month postoperatively because recurrence was noted on the bottom of the tumor. Thus, IMCT destroys the peripheral part of the tumor that may remain viable after TAE, but combination therapy with TAE is preferable, especially when a viable part exists within tumors. IMCT is an active, safe, and nontoxic therapeutic modality for large hepatic tumors, and is particularly applicable in patients with large hepatocellular carcinomas and poor liver function.
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PMID:Intraoperative microwave coagulation therapy for large hepatic tumors. 1118 Aug 91


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