Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Analysis of age-standardized death rates for the main categories of deaths, over the period 1951--1977, shows a three-quarter fall in mortality from infectious diseases, a reduction of mortality from cardiovascular disease more accentuated in women (-46%) than in men (-23%) and a decrease in mortality from tumors in women only (-21%). Suicide rates slightly increased and mortality from accidents started to decrease in 1971, more markedly in men than in women. As regards the last category including all other causes of deaths, a decline in mortality of approximately a half in both sexes was observed. Calculation of the potential years of life lost between ages 1 and 70 (PYLL) reveals that in men, for the year 1977, 25% were due to accidents, 23% to tumours and 22% to cardiovascular diseases, whereas in women tumours came first (36%) and preceded cardiovascular disease (17%). Analysis of PYLL by individual cause of death shows, in decreasing order of importance, for men: motor accidents, suicide, ischaemic heart disease, other accidents, cancer of lung, cerebrovascular disease and cirrhosis of liver, and for women: suicide, breast cancer, motor accidents, other accidents, cerebrovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease and uterine cancer. Finally, life expectancy at birth increased, over the period 1951--1977, from 66.4 to 71.8 years in men and from 71.0 to 78.4 years in women, which ranks Switzerland third among the 10 industrialized countries studies.
 ...
PMID:[Mortality trends in Switzerland 1951-1977. Principal categories of the causes of death]. 51 12

In the course of 4 years, among 11,738 admissions there were 245 (2.08%) patients with cholestasis (106 women and 139 men). Intrahepatic cholestasis (i.c.) was detected in 46.5%, and extrahepatic (e.c.) in 53.5%. The most frequent cause of i.c. were alcoholic and nonalcoholic chr. liver disease (fatty liver, chr. hepatitis, cirrhosis) (37% and 30%), acute viral hepatitis (15%) and toxic liver injury (14%) respectively. The causes of e.c. were: choledocholithiasis (44%), cancer of the pancreatic head (15%), cancer of gallbladder and extrahepatic ducts (12%) and cancer of liver (10%). The causes of c. were benigne, in 78.2%, while malignant neoplasms were present in 21.8%. Out of the multitude of laboratory tests two appeared particularly significant: glut, transpeptidase was pathologic in 81% of alcoholic liver disease, in 62% of the cases with obstructive jaundice and in 27.7% of malignant neoplasms. LX-lipoprotein examined in 52 patients was positive in 24% of i.c., and 60% of e.c. Proliferation of bile ducts was the most frequent finding in surgical liver biopsies in choledocholithiasis cases.
 ...
PMID:Differential diagnosis, laboratory tests and histology in 245 patients with cholestasis. 52 15

In recent literature numerous papers have been published concerning the accuracy of scintigraphic detection of liver metastases. Unfortunately however, the problem of false positive results is not particularly discussed in these papers. Because of the lack of information it was our aim to compare our own scintigraphic results with postmortem histopathological findings. Our investigations were carried out in 139 patients with various types of malignancy. Included in the investigations were 20 patients with primary liver tumor. The interval between scintigraphic examination and the histological verification ranged from 3 days to 1 year. In 62 of the patients with liver metastases, histopathology revealed liver metastases, while 77 patients showed no liver involvement. We arrived at the correct diagnosis "liver metastasis" in 50 out of 62 patients (80.6%). False negative scintigrams (19.4%) were found in most of the respective cases when diffuse malignant involvement such as leukemia and Hodgkin's disease was present, and also when the size of the metastases was less than 2 cm in diameter. Fifty six out of 77 patients (72.7%) without histopathological evidence of liver metastases revealed negative scintigrams. Twenty one (27.3%) false positive scintigrams were mostly due to (diffuse) nonmalignant disease e.g. fibrosis and cirrhosis. The overall accuracy of liver scintigraphy in our study was 76.2%. In 18 of 20 (90%) patients with focal liver disease correct diagnosis was established. 7 patients with benign liver tumors and 11 of 13 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma showed focal defects. Considering the fact that liver scintigraphy is a non-invasive procedure, it can be recommended as screening method. In connection with sonography and computer tomography liver scintigraphy can undoubtedly improve the diagnostic accuracy in detecting liver metastases and primary liver tumors.
 ...
PMID:[Accuracy of liver scintigraphy in focal liver disease; a comparison with postmortem studies in 159 cases (author's transl)]. 53 Aug 44

A cross-sectional mortality study of 4,341 deaths occurring among current and former employees of 17 PVC fabricators during 1964-1973 is presented. The objectives are: (1) to identify any angiosarcoma deaths among the employees of these fabricators, and (2) to examine the distribution of deaths by cause. No angiosarcoma deaths were found among the study group. Sex-race-cause-specific Proportionate mortality Ratios (PMR's) were computed, using the corresponding U.S. mortality as the standard. Among white employees, there appears to be an excess in total cancer mortality, particularly that of the digestive system. Observed deaths were found to exceed the expected in cancers of the breast and urinary organs among white females. Deficit mortality was observed in cirrhosis of liver among both male and female white employees.
 ...
PMID:Mortality among employees of PVC fabricators. 56 4

An increased mortality from lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, haematolymphatic malignancy and cirrhosis of the liver has been reported among smelter workers and others exposed to arsenic. This study uses the case-referent (case-control) technique and is concerned with workers in a copper smelter in a complex work environment, characterised by the presence of trivalent arsenic in combination with sulphur dioxide and copper, and also with other agents. Lung cancer mortality was found to be increased about five-fold and cardiovascular disease about two-fold, showing a dose-response relationship to arsenic exposure. Mortality from malignant blood disease (leukaemia and myeloma) and cirrhosis of the liver was also slightly increased. This mortality pattern among the smelter workers is consistent with earlier reports. An increased mortality from cardiovascular disease in this type of industry is of particular interest as it has been reported only once before.
 ...
PMID:Arsenic exposure and mortality: a case-referent study from a Swedish copper smelter. 62 94

This memorandum provides guidelines on the definition, nomenclature, and classification of cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, and hepatic fibrosis. These are considered according to morphological characteristics and aetiology. It is hoped that this system will serve as a standard for diagnostic, research, and epidemiological purposes. The relationship of cirrhosis to liver cell carcinoma is briefly discussed and the possible morphological markers of an increased risk of malignancy are defined.
 ...
PMID:The morphology of cirrhosis. Recommendations on definition, nomenclature, and classification by a working group sponsored by the World Health Organization. 64 65

Serum IgG and IgD levels were determined in the following groups: professional blood donors, healthy smokers and patients with acute hepatitis, with acute salmonellosis, with hepatic cirrhosis, with cancer (prostate, lung and gastrointestinal tract) and with benign diseases of the same organs as the cancer patients. IgG was significantly increased in the groups of patients with hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis and cancer. IgD values showed a wide dispersion in all the groups, which do not allow for comparisons among means. For that reason, linear regression analysis between IgG and IgD was done, the results being significant only in the two groups with infectious diseases (acute hepatitis and acute salmonellosis), which suggest that IgD could be involved in the immune response against their respective pathogenic agents.
 ...
PMID:Serum IgG and IgD and levels in some infectious and noninfectious diseases. 65 27

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is essential in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease, jaundice and in post-cholecystectomy syndromes, as well as in cases where cholecystography and i.v. cholangiography fail to explain disturbances that strongly suggest bile duct involvement. Its confirmation of clinically established pancreatic disease is much more positive than that given by scintiscanning and multiple superselective arteriography. Unlike the latter, it also permits the differential diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, cancer of the pancreas, pseudocysts, etc. and distinguishes medical and surgical pancreatitis (stenosis, proteinaceous calculi, and obstructing pseudocysts). Differential diagnosis of progressive jaundice on clinical grounds or with the aid of ordinary means of examination is sometimes unsatisfactory. ERCP clearly distinguishes medical and surgical forms, so that exploratory laparotomy is not needed in subjects with liver-cell forms. It also shows the nature, site and extent of extrahepatic obstruction, and points to the organic cause in 79% of cases of postcholecystectomy syndrome. Right hypochondrial pain or intermittent jaundice and negative cholecystography and i.v. cholangiography is a further indication, since ERCP will reveal disease of the pancreas or bile ducts (cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, sclerosing cholangitis, etc). It is also useful in the diagnosis of cirrhosis, abscess, echinococcus cyst and primary or secondary cancer in cases where needle biopsy and-or arteriography are either contra-indicated or inconclusive.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnostic value of retrograde cholangiopancreatography by transendoscopic route]. 66 74

There is a noticeable similarity between the surgery of cancer and that of portal hypertension secondary to hepatic cirrhosis. The problems associated with the basic disease and with the surgical techniques used for its treatment are such that therapy should be determined by selection criteria, both when bleeding occurs and between bleeds. Highly experienced internists and surgeons are required and it is therefore advantageous if portal hypertension patients are referred to and concentrated in a small number of specialist centers. There the decision to operate should continue to be based on predetermined criteria, bearing in mind the patient's basic disease. If cirrhosis is in the foreground, as is so often the case, long-term social care should receive greater emphasis than hitherto in planning postoperative management.
 ...
PMID:[Should patients with portal hypertension undergo surgery?]. 67 92

Scanning of 31 cirrhosis and 25 cancer-cirrhosis patients has been carried out using 198Au and then 67Ga. In 23/25 cancer-cirrhotic patients 67Ga was picked up in areas cold to 198Au (8% false negatives); such behaviour was not observed in any of the 31 cirrhotics (no false positive).
 ...
PMID:[Scintiscanning with Ga67 in detection of primary carcinoma of the liver associated with cirrhosis]. 68 47


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>