Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

MCA serum levels were determined in 27 healthy subjects, 136 with benign pathology (42 breast) and in 289 patients with cancer (247 active). The last group includes 223 patients with breast cancer (96 without metastases, 89 with metastases and 38 no-evidence of disease). CEA and CA15-3 serum levels were determined in all the patients with breast diseases. The mean levels of MCA were 4.7 + 2.4 U/ml in the control group, considering less than 11 U/ml as normal. MCA values were abnormal in 15.4% of patients with benign pathology, mainly in those with liver cirrhosis (8/20) and lung diseases (4/20). In the majority of these cases, the rise was only moderate, lower than 15 U/ml in 97.5% of patients. In malignant diseases, important increments were found in breast cancer (19.8% Mo, 77.5% M1) and ovarian cancer stages III-IV (44.4%). When we compared MCA serum levels with CA15-3 and CEA in breast pathology, a similar specificity was observed: 92.3%, 92.3% and 100% in cases with benign pathology and 92.1%, 94.7%, and 97.4% in NED patients, respectively. MCA and CA15-3 sensitivity was similar in breast cancer without metastases (19.8%) and lower for CEA (16.7%). In patients with breast cancer without metastases, we found a relation between positivity of these tumor markers and prognostic factors (tumor size, nodal involvement). The disease free interval in patients with locoregional breast cancer was shorter in cases with abnormal presurgical levels of some of the tumor markers, but only the difference from MCA was significant (p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:MCA in patients with breast cancer: correlation with CEA and CA15-3. 223 Mar 47

We studied the creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme pattern in sera from 332 patients affected by hepatic cirrhosis and several neoplastic diseases (102 cirrhosis, 36 hepatocarcinoma, 16 metastatic liver tumor, 40 breast cancer, 18 other neoplastic diseases and 120 cases of leukemia or lymphoma) to evaluate both its diagnostic utility for cancer diagnosis and its power as a prognostic index. Type-2 macro CK (mitochondrial creatine kinase) was detected, with no statistical difference in cirrhosis (14%), hepatocarcinoma (16%), metastatic liver tumor (31%), breast cancer (5%) and other tumors (6%). It was not detected in any patient with leukemia or lymphoma. The presence of type-2 macro CK was unrelated to the stage of either cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma, according to Child and Okuda, respectively, nor was it correlated to serum cytolytic enzyme levels or to gamma-globulin levels. In cirrhotics, type-2 macro CK was not linked to serum levels of the following tumor markers: alpha-fetoprotein, pseudouridine and gamma-glutamyltransferase isoenzymes complexed to low-density lipoprotein. In addition, the atypical band persisted in several patients with cirrhosis monitored for six months who did not show any evidence of evolution toward hepatocarcinoma. Thus, type-2 macro CK has poor diagnostic sensitivity for neoplastic diseases, and lacks prognostic value both in cirrhosis and neoplastic diseases.
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PMID:Serum type-2 macro-creatine kinase isoenzyme is not a useful marker of severe liver diseases or neoplasia. 228 11

In order to evaluate risk factors in male breast cancer, a case-control study of 91 histologically diagnosed cases and 255 cancer controls, matched for age and year of diagnosis, was conducted in Villejuif (France) and Geneva (Switzerland). Factors studied included marital history, occupational exposure, associated diseases, family history of breast cancer, history of radiation exposure and drugs which increase or are suspected of increasing prolactin or estrogen levels. Cases were significantly more likely to be bachelors or to work as butchers than were the controls. Other statistically significant risk factors identified were family history of breast cancer and therapeutic use of digitalis. Elevated risks, although not significant, were observed for individuals with a past history of tuberculosis, hyperthyroidism, liver cirrhosis or gallstone, who had been treated with isoniazid, or who had worked in high environmental temperatures. Further studies are needed to confirm our results particularly as regards hormonal imbalance and genetic factors.
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PMID:Risk factors for male breast cancer: a Franco-Swiss case-control study. 232 42

Hypercalcemic crisis represents a medical emergency. If conservative treatment is ineffective, low calcium bath or zero calcium bath hemodialysis are good alternatives. We report 4 patients treated with calcium free acetate hemodialysis because of hypercalcemic crisis due to breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis of the liver and immobilisation with hydrochlorothiazids' medication. Following 3 h of hemodialysis, serum calcium concentrations fell from a mean value of 3.96 (range 3.53-4.46) mmol/l to 2.71 (2.28-3.12) mmol/l. In 2 patients rapid clinical improvement was achieved and in one oliguric patient diuresis started spontaneously during hemodialysis. One patient died from gram-negative sepsis. In 3 cases the subsequent conservative treatment was sufficient to maintain serum calcium levels within the normal range. Together with the previously reported cases (5 patients treated by hemodialysis with low dialysate calcium and 3 patients by hemodialysis with calcium free dialysate) our experience indicates that hemodialysis is an effective and safe therapy for hypercalcemic crisis.
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PMID:Calcium free hemodialysis: an effective therapy in hypercalcemic crisis--report of 4 cases. 260 Feb 93

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between life style factors and adult disease for Chinese living in Japan. The mortalities of major cancers and other major diseases of Chinese in Japan were compared with those of Japanese by calculating Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) for the Chinese using death rates in the Japanese population the standard. The life style data on smoking, drinking and dietary habits for Chinese in Japan were collected by self-administered questionnaire surveys, and age-adjusted proportions were calculated with the truncated world population as the standard. Then the corrected indexes on life style for Chinese in Japan were compared with those of Japanese. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The mortality rates of heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disease, liver cirrhosis, rectum cancer, liver cancer (both sexes), lung cancer (females), breast cancer and cerebrovascular disease (females) for Chinese in Japan were higher than those for Japanese, but the rates of stomach cancer, pancreas cancer (both sexes), uterus cancer (females) and cerebrovascular disease (males) were lower than those for Japanese. 2. The prevalence of current smokers for Chinese males in Japan was lower than that of Japanese, and that of females was higher than that of Japanese. The prevalence of non-smokers for Chinese males was higher than that of Japanese, and that of females was lower than that of Japanese. 3. Although the prevalence of regular drinkers for Chinese of both sexes in Japan were lower than that of Japanese, the prevalence of heavy drinkers who drank over 80 ml of ethanol every day for Chinese males was higher than that of Japanese males. 4. Significant differences were not found in the prevalences of frequent consumers of meat, milk, eggs, fish, other vegetables and food using oil between cooks and non-cooks of Chinese of both sexes in Japan. 5. The age-adjusted prevalences of frequent meat and milk consumers for Chinese in Japan were higher than those of Japanese in both sexes, but those of frequent pickled vegetable and MISO soup consumers were lower than those of Japanese. The dietary pattern of Chinese in Japan was different from that of Japanese with intakes of much fat and less salt. 6. It is assumed that the mortalities due to adult disease for Chinese in Japan are related to their heavy drinking and to their dietary habits.
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PMID:[A socio-medical study of adult diseases related to the life style of Chinese in Japan]. 263 81

Circulating CA 15-3 antigen levels were evaluated in patients with benign diseases and breast cancer patients with no clinical evidence of disease after surgery (NED). Patients with breast cancer NED were followed for tumor recurrence or death during a median of 12.9 months (range 1 to 25 months). CA 15-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were compared in the same breast cancer NED patient population. Elevated CA 15-3 levels (greater than 40 U/ml) were observed in 38 of 1220 patients with benign diseases (3.1%) and in 25 of 350 breast cancer NED patients (7.1%). Elevations of CEA (greater than 5 ng/ml) were observed in 23 patients with breast cancer NED (6.5%). Benign diseases that produced significant elevations of CA 15-3 were chronic hepatitis (42.9%), liver cirrhosis (13.3%), sarcoidosis (16.7%), tuberculosis (9.7%), and systemic lupus erythematosus (6.7%). In breast cancer NED, initial elevations of CA 15-3 were observed in 12 of the 297 patients that remained free of disease during the follow-up, and in 13 of the 40 patients that relapsed (4.0% vs. 32.5%, p less than 0.001). Initial CEA levels were elevated in 16 patients that remained NED and in 7 patients that relapsed (5.3% vs. 17.5%, p less than 0.001). Serial determinations of CA 15-3 in patients continuously NED showed persistent elevations in 4 cases. Three of these exhibited concomitant benign diseases. In relapsing patients, serial tumor marker determinations showed that elevations of CA 15-3 before any other clinical evidence of recurrence occurred significantly more frequently than elevations of CEA (45% vs. 25%, p less than 0.001). Overall, two or more serial elevated values of CA 15-3 were observed in 7 cases, and 6 of them (85%) eventually relapsed. Median survival from study entry was 18.3 months in patients with breast cancer NED that had initial elevated CA 15-3, compared to 25+ months in those with negative CA 15-3 (p less than 0.0001). We conclude that circulating levels of CA 15-3 antigen can be elevated in some patients with non-malignant diseases, and that serial determinations of CA 15-3 may be useful in the postsurgical follow-up of patients with breast cancer when specific types of benign diseases that may cause elevations of the antigen are excluded. Additionally, CA 15-3 is more sensitive than CEA in the early diagnosis of breast cancer recurrences, and the simultaneous assay of CEA does not add information to that of CA 15-3 alone.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 1989 Mar
PMID:Circulating CA 15-3 levels in the postsurgical follow-up of breast cancer patients and in non-malignant diseases. 273 Sep 60

This investigation examined the mortality experience of Native Americans in New York State, exclusive of New York City, between 1980 and 1986. Compared to the general population of New York State, exclusive of New York City, deaths among Native Americans occurred an average of nine years earlier. Among Native males, elevated risk of death was noted for tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, pneumonia and cirrhosis. Native females demonstrated an excess of deaths due to diabetes mellitus and cirrhosis. Fewer than expected malignant neoplasm deaths occurred among both Native males and females. A deficit of deaths was observed for colon and lung cancer deaths among Native males and for colon and breast cancer deaths among Native females. While these results are generally in agreement with previous reports, this study did not identify an excess of deaths due to accident-related mortality. Findings from this study, while limited, do serve as crude indicators of the overall health status of Native Americans in New York State and may prove useful in the context of planning and evaluating future health care services among this population.
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PMID:A mortality analysis of Native American in New York State, 1980-86. 276 54

In 110 consecutive, medicolegal autopsies of young and middle-aged women (range 20-54 years) the breasts were examined by an extensive histopathologic method and by correlative specimen radiography. Malignancy was found in 22 women (20%) of which only one was known to have had clinical invasive breast cancer (IBC). At autopsy 2 women had IBC (2%), the remaining in situ carcinoma (in situ BC) of microfocal type (18%), i.e. 15 (14%) intraductal carcinomas (DCIS), 4 (3%) lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and one (1%) both DCIS and LCIS. Forty-five per cent of the women with malignancy had multicentric and 41% had bilateral lesions. Forty-five per cent of all histologically confirmed malignant lesions were identified by specimen radiography. Adenosis, benign epithelial hyperplasia, papilloma and duct ectasia were positively associated with malignancy. In addition malignancy was significantly more frequent among women aged more than 40 years, with late age at first full-term pregnancy, with alcohol abuse and with steatosis or cirrhosis of the liver. The results suggest that clinically occult in situ BC are frequent in young and middle-aged women.
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PMID:Breast cancer and atypia among young and middle-aged women: a study of 110 medicolegal autopsies. 282 56

If conservative treatment of hypercalcemic crises is ineffective, low calcium bath or zero calcium bath hemodialysis represent good alternatives. We report 5 patients (from 54 to 82 years old) treated with calcium free acetate hemodialysis because of hypercalcemic crises due to breast cancer with bone metastases, thiazids' medication and immobilisation, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and hyperparathyroidism. By 3 hours' therapy calcium concentration could be reduced from a mean value of 3.74 mmol/l (3.13-4.46) to 2.47 mmol/l (1.38-3.12). In 3 cases rapid clinical improvement was achieved and in 4 cases the subsequent conservative therapy was sufficient to maintain serum calcium levels within reference range. In accordance to other investigators we consider hemodialysis as an effective method of low risk in hypercalcemic crises. Calcium rebound may occur in patients with hyperparathyrodism.
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PMID:[Calcium-free hemodialysis--value in therapy of hypercalcemic crisis]. 292 46

Melatonin is an indolamine synthesized from tryptophan in the pineal gland. It is regarded as "the epiphyseal hormone". Its antigonadotropic action has been demonstrated in animals, both in vitro and in vivo, together with its inhibitory effect on numerous endocrine functions and its anti-convulsive properties. Recently developed assay methods have made it possible to obtain clinical data, for the moment purely descriptive. Melatonin is present in several body fluids, such as urine, blood and cerebrospinal fluid. It is secreted in circadian cycles, with low concentrations during the day and high concentrations at night; sex has no influence on this pattern, but secretion is highest in the summer and winter and lowest in the spring and autumn. The part played by melatonin in the genesis of puberty is undetermined. Melatonin secretion appears to be mediated by the adrenergic system, since beta-blockers inhibit the nocturnal rise. However, contrary to what happens in animals, most beta-adrenergic stimulants do not increase melatonin concentrations. Abnormal concentrations or perturbations in the melatonin secretion rhythm have been demonstrated in such diseases as breast cancer, cirrhosis of the liver, Klinefelter's syndrome, Cushing's syndrome and haemochromatosis. Depressive syndromes are often associated with abnormal melatonin cycles. It has been suggested that melatonin could be used as a biological marker in cancer and psychiatric diseases, but its physiological function in man remains obscure.
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PMID:[Melatonin]. 293 8


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